The CD28-B7 are members of immunoglobulin superfamily.When B7 is engated by the CD28 ligand, a costimulatory signal occurs and transfers to T cell and it is important in the activation, proliferation, anti-apoptosis and promoting cytokine secretion of T cell.The CD28-B7 family is associated with tumor and autoimmune disease.

Lobaplatin is the third generation platinum drug.Many studies on pharmacodynamics have confirmed that lobaplatin can block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis,and thus inhibits tumor cell proliferation effectively.Lobaplatin is not cross-resistant to cisplatin.Besides,it has good curative effect to various kinds of cancer patients with mild adverse reactions,and the patients are well tolerable to it.

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger present in a wide variety of bacteria, which is responsible for cell differentiation, biofilm formation, pathogenic factor generation, and so on. The level of c-di-GMP in bacteria is regulated by two opposing active domains, diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE), which are present in the same bifunctional protein, and in charge of the synthesis and the degradation of c-di-GMP, respectively. The target of c-di-GMP in the bacterial cell consists of PilZ domain and GEMM riboswitch, the only riboswitch that involved in signal transduction. This article gives an overview of c-di-GMP, focusing on its metabolic pathway, regulatory mechanism, biological function of c-di-GMP, and the synthesis of c-di-GMP analogues and their biological activity.

AIM: To observe the anti-apoptosis effect of liraglutide on the islet through microRNA-375 (miR-375) for providing additional pharmacodynamic evidence for its clinical application.METHODS: For in vivo study, C57BL/KsJ-db/m mice aged 8 weeks served as normal control group.A total of 40 male genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice at the same age were randomly divided into diabetic control group (the db/db mice were injected subcutaneous-ly with equivalent amount of saline) and liraglutide group (the db/db mice were injected subcutaneously with liraglutide at dose of 300 μg? kg-1? d-1 ).After 8 weeks of administration, body weight (BW) was measured and blood was collected for detection of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Before sacrifice, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted.The histopathological features in the islet tissue were examined with HE staining.The apoptosis in the islet tissue was detected by TUNEL staining.The protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by Western blot.The level of miR-375 in the islet tissue was detected by qPCR.For in vitro study, the MIN-6 cells were cultured and divided into control group (incubated with equivalent amount of solvent), miR-375 mimic group and miR-375 mimic +liraglutide group.The cell viability was examined by MTT assay.The protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2
and Bax were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: In the in vivo study, compared with control group, the levels of BW, FBG, FINS, TC, TG and LDL-C were decreased significantly in liraglutide group.The islet apoptosis was reduced by the administration of liraglutide.The expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated significantly, while the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were down-regulated significantly in liraglutide group.The level of miR-375 was decreased significantly.In the in vitro study, the cell viability was decreased in miR-375 mimic group and increased in miR-375 mimic +liraglutide group. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were increased with the incu-bation of miR-375 mimic, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were de-creased with the co-incubation of miR-375 mimic and liraglutide.CONCLUSION: Liraglutide attenuates islet apotosis, and the mechanism may be associated with its effects of reducing the elevated level of miR-375 in islet tissues.

Tg gene polymorphism, HLA and iodine interaction with Tg may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.Moreover, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), an important symbol of autoimmune thyroid disease, is also closely related to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.In addition, the differences of TgAb IgG isoforms expression level also have broad application prospects in the classification and diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease.By researching on Tg, we review the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease and provided the evidence for its diagnosis and clinical treatment.

Objective To study the frequency of lymphocyte cells in hypertrophic adenoid in children with otitis media with effusion. Methods The study group consisted of 45 children suffering from hypertrophic adenoid coexisting with otitis media with effusion (HA/OME). The control group consisted of 34 children with adenoid hypertrophy(HA),but without otitis media. Adenoids excision was implemented. Cells were stained with fluorescently labeled protein-specific antibody. The lymphocyte of adenoids was determined by flow cytometry. Results Lymphocyte cells(CD3+CD4+CD69+T cells(1.29%),CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+T cells(0.61%),CD3+CD8+CD69+ T cells (1.39%),CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells (0.09%),CD19+CD69+ B cells (2.07%) and CD19+CD62L+B cells(0.21%)in HA/OME group were higher than in HA group:(CD3+CD4+CD69+T cells(1.94%), CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+T cells(0.84%),CD3+CD8+CD69+T cells(2.08%),CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+T cells(0.18%), CD19+CD69+ B cells (3.98%),CD19+CD62L+ B cells (0.46%). In addition ,there are the higher percentage lymphocyte cells(CD3+CD4+ T cells(8.97%),CD3+CD8+ T cells(4.27%),CD3+CD8+ Fas+ T cells(1.24%) and CD19+Fas+ B cells (3.23%) in HA/OME group than those in HA group:(CD3+CD4+ T cells (6.37%), CD3+CD4+CD69+ T cells (1.29%),CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (0.61%) and CD3+CD8+ T cells(3.61%). Conclusions The local immune dysfunction resulting from hypertrophic adenoids may have a relationship with otitis media.

Objective To observe the application of oxycodone with the efficacy and safety of propofol anesthesia in hysteroscopic surgery. Methods 60 cases of hysteroscopic surgery in our hospital in January 2016 January 2017 were admitted during the period, according to the anesthesia were divided into study group and control group, 30 cases in each. The study group used oxycodone with propofol the control group was treated with fentanyl anesthesia with propofol anesthesia effect and safety of anesthesia. Results Before anesthesia, study group and control group, heart rate and arterial pressure comparison, no statistically significant; after anesthesia, study group and control group, heart rate and arterial pressure contrast, comparison was statistically significant. The study group and the control group of adverse reactions during and after the operation, there was statistical significance. Compared with the control group, the analgesic effect of uterine contractions after 5min, 1 h and 2 h in the contrast group was statistically significant. Conclusion The application of oxycodone analgesia with propofol in the operation is effective in hysteroscopic surgery anesthesia, intraoperative respiratory depression, little effect on the circulatory system, high safety.

AIM: To observe the therapeutical effects of resveratrol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential mechanism.METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet to established non alcoholic fatty liver disease model, and were administrated with resveratrol at doses of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg.After 4-week treatment, the blood sample was collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG).The liver tissues were harvested for measuring the liver lipid content.The histopathological examination were conducted with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The ceramide levels in the liver tissues were detected by HPLC-MS.The microRNA (mi-RNA)-122 levels in the liver tissues were detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) were determined by Western blot.The HepG2 cells were cultured and divided into 5 groups: control group, model group (induced by 0.25 mmol/L oleic acid), model+resveratrol group (treated with 5 μmol/L resveratrol), miRNA-122 siRNA group and resveratrol+miRNA-122 siRNA group.Except control group, the cells in other groups were stimulated with oleic acid and incubated with respective drugs simultaneously for 24 h.The levels of TC, TG and ceramide in the cells of each group were measured.The protein levels of SPT in each group were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice, resveratrol dose-dependently reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the lipid deposition, the ceramide level and the SPT protein level, and increased the level of miRNA-122 in the liver tissues.In the in vitro study, compared with model group, resveratrol reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the ceramide level, reduced the SPT protein level.Compared with control group, the levels of TC, TG and ceramide, and the protein expression of SPT were increased in miRNA-122 siRNA group.Compared with miRNA-122 siRNA group, no statistical difference of TC, TG, ceramide and protein expression of SPT in resveratrol combined miRNA-122 siRNA group was observed.CONCLUSION: Resveratrol significantly reduces lipid accumulation by reduction of miRNA-122 and ceramide levels, and decrease in SPT protein levels in the liver.

Objective　To analysis the relation of the diameter of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and other factors with the capsular block syndrome.Methods　We not only analyzed the etiology and clinical characteristic of six cases in intraoperative,early postoperative and lately postoperative,but also discussed the method of treatment.Results　(1)When the diameter of CCC was smaller than the one of IOL's optic , the CBS easily happened; (2)When the hoops of the hydroview IOL had a smaller anterior angle and larger optic, the CBS easily happened; (3)When the viscoelestic material and cortex were stayed in capsular or anterior chamber, the CBS easily happened.Conclusion　(1)Generaly speaking the size of the CCC should right on the edge of the IOL's optic part; (2)To hydroview IOL, we should choose the one which had a larger anterior angle and a smaller optic; (3)Viscoelastic material which should be cleaned and there was no the rest cortex stayed in the capsular.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Penqiangyan Granule (PG) on the immunity of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) of blood stasis and Shen-deficiency syndrome (BSSDS) type.

METHODSSixty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the treatment group treated with PG and the control group with Penyanjing Granule, 30 cases in each group. The treatment course was 4 weeks for both groups. The clinical efficacy, plasma levels of CD4 and CD8, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 96.7% and 63.3% respectively with significant difference between groups (P < 0.05); in the treatment group the plasma CD4, CD4/CD8 and serum IL-2 increased obviously, while the plasma CD8 and serum TNF-alpha decreased markedly (P < 0.05), all were significantly different with those in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPG can improve the immune function and alleviate inflammation in CPID patients of BSSDS type.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Phytotherapy ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Young Adult