Cytochrome P450 is the very most important enzyme of drug metabolism.It involves in biotransformation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds,especially for clinical drugs.There are many polymorphisms of gene and phenotype,resulting in significant individual variability of different kinds of compounds.This article reviews the genetic polymorphisms of CYP,the characters and clinical meanings of diverse subgroups that relevant to drug metabolism in recent years.The major object of this article is reasonably explaining and predicting the interaction of clinical drugs and the drug adverse reaction in order to providing scientific evidences for the individual administration in clinic.

Based on the "requirements on the submitted documents for consistency evaluation of generic oral solid dosage forms of chemical drugs" and relevant guidance, this article summarized and formulated the decision tree of in vitro consistency evaluation of oral solid generic drugs, discussed the differences and common problems of in vitro evaluation research projects under different conditions, selective analyzed the technical requirements and concern problems of unconventional research projects, and proposed corresponding recommendations for concern problems, in order to provide more references for the follow-up study on consistency evaluation of oral solid generic drugs.

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with Onxy or in combination with detachable coils. Methods: Twelve patients with cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transvenous embolization from February 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Ten patients were treated via the inferior petrosal sinus approach, 2 were treated via the vein-superior ophthalmic vein approach. Eight patients used Onyx alone, and 4 used Onxy in combination with detachable coils. Results: Circled digit oneAngiography showed complete occlusion in 10 patients immediately after treatment, small amount of residues remained in 2 patients. Six patients were cured with Onyx embolization alone, 2 were improved, 2 were cured with Onyx in combination with detachable coils embolization, and 2 were improved. The total effective rate was 100%, the total cure rate was 66.7%, and none of the patients worsened or died. Circled digit twoTwo patients had intraoperative bradycardia, 3 had postoperative orbital ache. Circled digit threeAll patients received clinical follow-up for 6 to 32 months and no recurrent and worsened were found. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with Onxy or in combination with detachable coils is effective and safe.

Objective　To explore the metabolism of micronutri ents related to dark adaptation of radar operators through nutritional intervent ion. Methods　A total of 34 male radar operators aged between 18 ～29 years old were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The c ontrol group were on normal diet, and the experimental group received the supple ment of VA, Zn and Se in additional to normal diet. The experiment lasted 4 week s. The levels of serum VA, Zn and Se were measured before and after the experime nt. Results　The levels of serum VA, Zn and Se in the experime ntal group were significantly higher than that in the control group after the experiment (P<0.01). Conclusion　The supplement of VA, Zn an d Se for 4 weeks may elevate, the levels of serum VA, Zn and Se significantly (reached or surpassed normal levels) and suggests that VA, Zn and Se su pplementation may effectively enhance the dark adaptation of radar operators.

Objective To find out the clinical effects of mifepristone in the treatment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Methods 87 patients with perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding were received mifepristone treatment.The thickness of the endometrium and sex hormones indicators,including progesterone(P),estrogen (E2),the corpus luteum generated hormone (LH),follicle hormone (FSH),prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T),were checked before and after treatment.Results The treatment efficiency was 90.8％.Endometrial thickness before treatment (10.9 ± 1.9) mm,endometrial thickness after treatment (5.4 ± 1.1) mm,with significant differences between them(t =0.684,P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,patients with hemoglobin (102.5 ± 7.1) g/L,significantly increased compared with before treatment (t =0.539,P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,the P,E2,LH,FSH levels were significantly lower than those of before treatment (t =0.690,0.552,0.513,0.376,all P ＜ 0.05) ; PRL,T levels after treatment compared with before treatment,there were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mifepristone treatment for perimenopausal uterine bleeding has high effective rate,less adverse reactions,and high clinical value.

Objective To investigate the cytidylyl phosphate guanosine(CpG) islands methylation status of E-cadherin (E-cad) promoter region in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (ES-2,3 AO, SKOV3 ), and the effect of 5-azacytidine-2 '-deoxycytidines (5-Aza-CdR ) on the cell proliferative ability, invasion and the expression of E-cad protein. Methods Methylation specific PCR(MSP) was used to detect CpG islands methylation status of E-cad promoter region in ES-2,3AO and SKOV3 cell lines. After treated with different concentrations of 5-Aza-CdR, morphological changes of cell lines were observed under microscope. The proliferative ability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. E-cad protein expression was detected by western-blot and cellular invasion was investigated by 24-well matrigel invasion chambers. Results Hypermethylatian status of CpG islands of E-cad promoter region was observed in ES-2 and SKOV3 cell lines, but not in 3AO cell lines. After treated with 5-Aza-CdR (0.1,1.0,10.0 μmol/L), ES-2 and SKOV3 cell lines displayed morphological evidence of differentiation. 5-Aza-CdR was found to decrease proliferation as evidenced by cell growth curve , to increase the level of E-cad protein expression (P ＜ 0.01 ), and effectively inhibit the ability of cell invasion(P ＜0.01 ). Conclusions CpG hypermethylation is an important mechanism of E-cad gene inactivation in ES-2 and SKOV3 cell lines. 5-Aza-CdR be found to inhibit proliferation and invasion, and increase the expression of E-cad probably by the inhibition of hypermethylation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of automatic processing of cartoon facial expressions by using event-related potential(ERP).Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers (7 males and 9 females) were recruited for this study.The subjects were instructed to mentally count green faces (targets) and ignore the red ones (non-targets) including standard neutral expressions and deviant emotional expressions.Thirty two channels electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded by Neuroscan Nuamps System.The amplitudes of mismatch negativity (MMN) were analyzed.Results (1) MMN1:the amplitudes were(-0.570 ± 0.076) μV (TP7/TP8),(-0.840 ±0.119) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.199 ±0.105)μV(T5/T6) ,(-1.184 ±0.102)μV(O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of site (F(3,45) = 8.340, P ＜ 0.05 ) and an interaction of orientation × hemisphere (F(1,15) =11.977, P＜0.05).( 2 ) MMN2: the amplitudes were (-0.469 ± 0.126 ) μV ( TP7/TP8 ), (-1.014 ± 0.255 ) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.071 ±0.182)μV(T5/T6), (-0.915 ±0.178)μV (O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of orientation (F(1,15) = 7.232, P ＜ 0.05 ) and interactions of orientation × type (F(1,15) = 6.458, P ＜ 0.05 )and orientation × hemisphere(F(1,15) = 11.907, P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Cartoon emotional faces elicit expressionrelated MMN indexing automatic processing.The MMN amplitude is right-lateralized and larger for negative than positive expression.

BACKGROUND: There are small amount of hematopoietic stem cells, which are easy to divide in vitro and show the difficulty in applying to transplantation.OBJECTIVE: This paper has focused on the role and means of the Wnt, Notch, Bmi_1, Shh, HOXB4 signaling molecule in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and regulation. METHODS: With the key words of "HSC, Wnt, Notch, Bmi_1, Shh, HOXB4" for the search, we searched PubMed database (2002-01/2008-12) in English. Literatures closely related to the hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal related signaling molecules were included. Repetitive research and Meta analysis were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The computer initially retrieved 216 documents, of which 30 documents for research. Hematopoietic stem cells are self-renewing, have strong differentiation and growth and regeneration capacities, can produce various types of blood cells ancestor cells, are widely used to treat blood diseases, but the hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro demonstrated that the difficulties used in transplantation. How to make hematopoietic stem cells in vitro amplification and processing, while maintaining hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal characteristics is of a key issue. In recent years, different signaling pathways to enhance the ability of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal signaling molecule have been a research hotspot. The article focused on the role and means of the Wnt, Notch, Bmi_1, Shh, HOXB4 in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and regulation and found that both the above-mentioned five signaling molecules can enhance hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal function. There are also a number of factors playing an important role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal process, such as endogenous factors, a series of transcription factors Oct-4, Ehox, Nanog, SCL, Runx1 and so on, to explore how their regulatory networks formed by the interaction control self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells will become a key point in the research of self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells.

Actins ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelioid Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology

BACKGROUND:Some studies show that basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)strongly expresses dudng the process of embryonic stem cells differentiation into hematopoietic stem cell.yolk sac blooding.and fetal liver hematopoiesis.OBJECTIVE:To study the regulation of bFGF on the blast-colony-forming cell(BL-CFC)by adding bFGF in the medium of embryoid body generation.METHODS:The third to fifth generations of the pdmaw mouse embryonic fibroblasts were recovered,and then incubated with the DMEM medium containing mitomvcin C for 2.5 hours in order to lose the proliferative capacity.Then cells were suspended into single cell by trypsinization and inoculated in the gelatin-coated bottle at the density of 10×104/cm2.After culturing for 24 hours,mouse embryonic stem cells(mESC)of D3 were recovered and placed on the feeder layer cells.According to the composition of medium in embryoid body generation.mESCs were divided into two groups:group A:standard medium+VEGF+SCF;group B:standard medium+VEGF+SCF+bFGF.Each group was cultured for 3 days and 6 days respectively,and the cloning number of BL-CFC was quantified,as well as Flk-1+ expression was observed by immunofluorescence staining.Positive number and average absorbance were analyzed using IMAGE-PRO PLUS imaging analysis system.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adding bFGF in the course of embryoid body growth could significantly increase the number of BL-CFC(P＜0.01).and the positive results of Flk-1 and the average absorbance were also increased significantly(P＜0.01).bFGF effectively promoted embryoid body amplification and proliferation of BL-CFC.