Motor imagery therapy is based on the theory of plasticity in the central nervous system. Movement with imagery improved reconstruction of damaged motor conduction pathway, and made restoration of central nervous system. Motor imagery adapts to recovery mode of stroke, and was proved to be effective on motor function when applied with physical therapy for stroke patients. This article would review its background, mechanisms, Methods and effects, etc.

目的探讨以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)和康复病例实验报告两种教学法在运动疗法(PT)模块中的应用效果。方法选择2008 级四年制康复治疗学专业本科学生88 名，1 班采用PBL教学模式，2 班采用理论、实践相结合的康复病例采集与书写模式，采用自制教学效果评价表、学生实习跟踪调查进行评价。结果两班学生综合素质和分析问题的能力均有提高。2 班在观察能力、动手能力、理论与实践结合、疾病信息采集、分析判断能力、临床适应能力、服务态度与同情心、康复评定的全面性等方面好于1 班(P<0.05)，1 班在信息技术利用方面优于2 班(P<0.05)。结论融基础知识、专业知识、临床实践于一体，以书写康复病例为学科综合，培养学生以功能障碍为纲的临床思维，可以提高学生的动手能力、分析判断能力、医患沟通能力和临床适应能力，做到了课堂-见习-实习密切连接。

Objective To explore the effect of American Physical Therapy Association's clinical performance instrument on undergraduate teaching in rehabilitation therapy. Methods The theory and practice lessons of Grade 2007 and 2008 were chosen. Grade 2007 adopted traditional teaching combined with 30% problem-based learning, and Grade 2008 adopted clinical performance instrument by American Physical Therapy Association. Results and Conclusion The ability to handle the whole medical standard was better in Grade 2008 than in Grade 2007 (P<0.001). And the function evaluation, treatment of implementation, the outcome assessment, guidance after discharge and preventive measures were better in Grade 2008 than in Grade 2007 (P<0.05).

Objective To research the effects of somatic sense interactive game Kinect on balance and walking function in stroke patients.Methods 40 patients with stroke were divided into control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20), who accepted conventional rehabilitation and additional somatic sense interactive game Kinect. They were evaluated with gait analysis, Berg Balance Scale, Holden Walking Function Rating Scale and Barthel Index before and after treatment. Results Both groups improved in all the indices after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The somatic sense interactive game Kinect could further improve the balance and walking function of stroke patients.

In view of the weakness of the teachers' strength, students' lack of interest and the lack of unity of teaching materials in the foreign language teaching, Oral Medicine College of Chongqing Medical University carried out the reform to the professional foreign language courses in the postgraduate education period by strengthening the preparation of special teaching materials, reinforcing teaching staff construction, reforming teaching methods and creating a learning environment. The results of teaching assessment by students and peer-reviewers show that reform has achieved good results, and aiming at the problems in the teaching practice we also put forward such improvement measures as strengthening the student-centered teaching method, promoting new teaching methods and optimizing curriculum assessment programs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrapleural fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of childhood empyema.Methods The data from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Chinese BioMedical (CBM),PubMed,VIP Database and Cochrane library were reviewed.Randomized control trials by using intrapleural fibrinolytic agents to treat childhood empyema were included.Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the eligible studies and evaluated the quality of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed for the results of homogeneous studies using RevMan 5.2 software,while others analyzed descriptively.Results Five randomized control trials involving 248 children with empyema were included.Meta-analysis was not made in all of the indexes because of apparent heterogeneity and limited data.Two trials were compared which involved 98 patients receiving fibrinolytic agents or 9 g/L saline.The results suggested that fibrinolytic agents shortened the length of hospital stay and reduced complication(all P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the effective rate,duration of fever and pleural effusion amount(OR =3.61,95％ CI 0.84-15.49,P ＞ 0.05).Three trials involving 150 patients compared fibrinolytic agents and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).The data suggested that no significant differences were found between 2 groups in the effective rate (OR =0.70,95 ％ CI 0.30-0.61,P ＞ 0.05),but fibrinolytic agents cost less (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions to intrapleural fibrinolytic agents were mild to moderate,and well tolerated.Conclusions The findings suggest that intrapleural fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of childhood empyema is safe and effective,especially in encapsulated effusion.Compared to 9 g/L saline,it can shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce complication.Compared with VATS,the curative effect is similar,while intrapleural fibrinolytic agents are economic.

Objective To evaluate the validity and responsiveness of the Chinese version of the miniBalance Evaluation Systems Test(mini-BESTest).Methods A total of 208 stroke patients were evaluated by 2 professionals using both mini-BESTest and Berg balance scale (BBS).All data were analyzed using Pearson correlation,t-test and descriptive statistical analysis.Results Significant correlation was observed between each entry of the mini-BESTest and its domain,with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.93 (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of whole assessment and the three related domains were significantly correlated between mini-BESTest and BBS results,the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.68 to 0.87 (P ＜ 0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,there was significant improvement in each domain and in the total assessment score (P ＜ 0.05).No floor or ceiling effects were observed in the total mini-BESTest scores,but there was a slight ceiling effect in the anticipatory and sensory orientation domains,and a slight floor effect in the reactive postural control domain.Conclusion The mini-BESTest has good validity and responsiveness,and can be applied to evaluate patients after stroke.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of cognitive-walking dual-task training on executive and walking function in patients with cerebral apoplexy.Methods:A total of 70 stroke patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Baoding Taihe Rehabilitation Hospital from June 2020 to October 2020 were selected as the study subjects.All 70 hemiplegic patients with stroke were randomly divided into control group ( n=35) and test group ( n=35) by random number table method, and a prospective study was conducted.The control group was given routine walking training, and the test group was given cognitive-walking dual-task training at the same time and frequency as the control group.E-Prime software was used to evaluate the executive function of patients before and 4 weeks after intervention, including three sub-tests of Flanker, 1-back and More-odd shifting, and the reaction time of each test was recorded.The score changes of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) were recorded.The single-task walking time, dual-task walking time and dual-task walking time cost during 10 m Walk Test were calculated.Finally, 33 cases in the experimental group and 31 cases in the control group completed the study.Finally, 33 cases in the experimental group and 31 cases in the control group completed the study. Results:After 4 weeks of intervention, the MMSE scores of the experimental group and the control group were improved compared with those before intervention (the experimental group (26.39±1.90) and (24.42±2.69), t=10.824, P<0.001; the control group (25.45±1.77) and (24.61±2.16), t=7.325, P<0.001), and the experimental group was significantly better than the control group ( t=2.049, P=0.045)). The duration of three tests of executive function in the experimental group and the control group was significantly shorter than that before the intervention (Flanker task: the experimental group (752.38±178.28) ms and (939.42±260.11) ms, t=10.467, P<0.001; the control group (863.40±227.86) ms and (951.67±265.93) ms, t=8.140, P<0.001.1-back task: the experimental group (983.31±314.16) ms and (1 242.10±444.77) ms, t=10.386, P<0.001; the control group (1 186.89±293.80) ms and (1 238.27±305.95) ms, t=9.569, P<0.001.More odd shifting task: the experimental group (1 121.29±260.17) ms and (1 362.32±352.80) ms, t=13.084, P<0.001; the control group (1 255.81±269.41) ms and (1 351.37±287.46) ms, t=8.550, P<0.001), and the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (Flanker task: t=2.198, P=0.032; 1-back task: t=2.691, P=0.009; more odd shifting task: t=2.044, P=0.045). The results of 10 m walking test in the experimental group and the control group were improved compared with those before the intervention (single task walking time: the experimental group (20.71±9.61) s and (26.10±13.88) s, t=6.312, P<0.001; the control group (22.42±9.60) s and (25.62±10.97) s, t=13.009, P<0.001). The duration of dual task walking: the experimental group (22.73±10.28) s and (31.64±16.07) s, t=7.931, P<0.001; the control group (28.30±11.72) s and (31.89±13.65) s, t=9.348, P<0.001.The cost of dual task walking: the experimental group (10.32±6.87)% and (23.26±11.40)%, t=10.602, P<0.001; the control group (27.39±7.38)% and (24.94±7.48)%, t=2.719, P=0.011). The 10 m walking test time of the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group ( t=2.027, P=0.047), and the walking time cost of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group ( t=9.583, P<0.001). Conclusion:Cognitive walking dual task training can improve the walking function of patients, which is more conducive to the recovery of executive function than conventional walking training.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of BrainHQ visual training in rehabilitating memory function among stroke survivors.Methods Sixty stroke patients with memory disorders were recruited from the rehabilitation center of Tangshan Workers' Hospital.They were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group,each of 30.Both groups accepted conventional rehabilitation,while the intervention group was additionally given BrainHQ visual training five times a week for 30 minutes,lasting four weeks.Before and after the treatment,both groups completed the Rivermead behavioral memory test.Results After the 4 weeks of treatment,the average scores in recalling full names,recalling hidden items,recalling appointments,recognizing pictures,recognizing faces,recalling a story immediately,delayed story recall,recalling a route promptly,delayed route recall and the average total score in both groups were all significantly higher than before the treatment.The treatment group scored significantly better than the control group except in recalling hidden items,and recognizing faces and pictures.Conclusion BrainHQ visual training can improve the memory of stroke survivors.

TMZ-SLN were prepared by emulsification-low temperature solidification method with stearic acid. The formulation and the preparation conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments using entrapment efficiency as the evaluation index. The morphology was detected by transmission electron microscope. The Zeta potentials and the particle size distribution were evaluated by Laser Doppler Anemometry. The entrapment efficiencies and the drug release characteristics in vitro were assessed. The result showed that TMZ-SLN were concinnous and spherical in shape. The mean diameter (d(av) ) was 65.0 +/- 6.2 nm and the Zeta potential was -37.2 mV. The average entrapment efficiency was 58.9% +/- 1.21 %. The drug release behavior in vitro conformed to Higuchi Equation. The formation of a new material phase was testified by analysis of differential scanning calorimetry.
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Dacarbazine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Stearic Acids ; chemistry