Purpose:To investigate the relationship between cell apoptosis and dephosphorylated RB protein in human breast cancer. Methods:In our work,human breast cell lines (MCF-7/S,the chemosensitive cell line and MCF-7/ADR,the chemoresistent cell line)were evaluated. Chemosensitivity of two cell lines was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay;the expressive levels of dephosphorylated RB protein were detected with immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry(FCM). Results:ADR inhibited proliferation of chemosensitive cell line MCF-7/S ,the 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) was 0.128 ?g/ml;And IC 50 of MCF-7/ADR was 10.89 ?g/ml. The chemotherapeutic sensitivity of MCF-7/S was more than that of MCF-7/ADR by 86 times . Before treatment with ADR,phosphorylated RB protein was positive in two cell lines,but dephosphorylated RB protein was negative;After treatment of different concentration ADR,when the concentration of ADR was increased,expression of dephosphorylated RB protein elevated accordingly in MCF-7/S,but no significant change in MCF-7/ADR. Apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by FCM assays shows ADR induced apoptosis of MCF-7/S more than MCF-7/ADR(P0.05).

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the correlation of the expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 proteins with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients to identify the factors affecting the post-operation survival rate of tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs). Methods:Clinical data of 44 patients with TSCCs were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The diagno-ses of all cases were pathologically confirmed. CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 expression in 44 TSCCs patients with different pathological grades was examined immunohistochemically. Survival curves were processed in accordance with the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used for the multivariate analysis of relevant clinical and survival data. Results:Among the 44 examined TSCCs patients, 29 cases were well differentiated and 15 were moderately or poor differentiated;11 cases were stageⅠ, 12 were stageⅡ, 8 were stageⅢ, and 13 were stageⅣ. Positive staining of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 was found in all cases with different degrees. Ac-cording to the pathological tumor grade, the positive rates of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 expression were 79.54% (35/44 cases),77.27%(34/44 cases), and 75.00%(33/44 cases), respectively. Expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 significantly differed between different histological grades (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 was positively correlated with the metastasis, recurrence of TSCCs. COX multivariate analysis indicated that CXCR4 expression, clinical stage, and neck metastasis were independent prognostic predictors of TSCCs patients and risk factors of death. Conclusion:CXCR4, CD44, and CD133 may be correlated with the malignancy of TSCCs. CXCR4 expression, clinical stage, cervical lymph node metastasis were the correlated prognosis factors of TSCC patients after operation.

Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)clusters in Nanning,Guangxi Province,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The data of COVID-19 clusters from January to February,2020 in Nanning were collected through the Public Emergency Response System of National CDC. Descriptive epidemiological analysis were conducted to analyze the time,space and population distribution, source of infection,transmission chain, ways of detection and the scale of clusters. Results: Eleven clusters were reported,with 36 confirmed cases and 293 exposed persons. The average attack rate was 12.29%. There were ten family clusters. The epidemic scale was small,with an average of 3.27 cases. The onset of cases peaked on January 23,while the reporting time was mainly from February 10 to February 18. The cases were distributed in two cities and one county. The attack rate of Qingxiu District and Xixiangtang District was 16.95%,which was higher than 5.17% of Mashan County(p<0.05). The recurrence rate of family contacts was 25.42%,which was higher than that of other ways of contacts(p<0.05). Of eleven clusters,nine were caused by imported cases or related cases;five developed secondary cases or above,and the median interval between the first and secondary cases was three days. Conclusions The COVID-19 clusters in Nanning occurred mainly in families with small scales and most were caused by imported cases. The majority of the cases were reported during mid February. The attack rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the current cornea donation awareness of tissue donors in the city of Nanjing, China.

METHODSAltogether 2000 registered tissue donors in the Red Cross Eye Bank of Nanjing by the end of 2010 and 2000 control residents of Nanjing in February to June 2011 were randomly selected to participate in our field questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the understanding of cornea donation, the attitude toward cornea donation, and attitude toward legislation and free donation. The awareness of cornea donation between the registered tissue donors and residents was compared. Related factors of the willing-ness to donate corneas and to become a tissue donor were evaluated with univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSA total of 1867 (response rate: 93.4%) tissue donors and 1796 (response rate: 89.8%; effective questionnaires: 1697) residents participated in this survey. For the questions about the knowledge of cornea donation, 90.3% tissue donors (residents: 78.9%) knew that donated corneas could be used for transplantations; 71.2% tissue donors (residents: 47.6%) knew that the appearance would not be destroyed after cornea donation; 70.7% tissue donors (residents: 20.0%) knew the formalities to become a cornea donor. For attitude toward cornea donation, 82.2% tissue donors (residents: 45.1%) were willing to donate corneas or eyeballs after death; 84.0% tissue donors (residents: 30.2%) had discussed with their families about donation; 85.1% tissue donors (residents: 24.8%) supported their families' or friends' cornea donation. For attitude toward legislation and free donation, 88.3% tissue donors (residents: 61.3%) approved of legislation to regular cornea donation; 72.2% tissue donors (residents: 38.8%) thought that cornea or organ donation should be gratis. The difference between two groups was significant (P<0.001). However, some tissue donors did not know cornea donation well, some even opposed the legislation of cornea donation and free donation protocol. For the factors influencing the willingness to donate corneas, population was the most relevant factor (P<0.001), since tissue donors were more willing to donate corneas than residents. Other significantly related factor were age, gender, occupation, and education level (P<0.001), while political status or religion were not significant. For the factors related to becoming a tissue donor, older age, male, white-collars (including white-collar, civil servant, teacher, soldier, lawyer, salesman, healthcare provider), higher education level, party members (including the Chinese Communist Party members, democratic party members, and the Communist Youth League members) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe registered tissue donors have better understanding and more positive attitude towards cornea donation than control residents do. They approve of the legislation of cornea donation and free donation protocol. It may be more effective to target the population of over 58 years old, male, white-collars, well-educated people, and party members in the promotion of cornea donation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; Corneal Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Tissue Donors ; legislation & jurisprudence

BACKGROUND:Study shows that margarita liquid has effect on promoting histiocyte regeneration and removing scars.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of margarita liquid on the proliferation of fibroblasts in human skin scar tissues.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A grouping contrast observational experiment was performed in the Experiment Centre of Guangxi Medical University from September to December in 2008.MATERIALS:Scar tissue samples were obtained from patients in the Department of Plastic Surgery,Guangxi Medical University.Margarita liquid was the digest of margarita purchased from Beihai Gofar Marine Biological Industry Co.,Ltd and rich in multi-amino acids,polypeptides,vitamin,mineral matters and natural enzymes.METHODS:Human skin scar cell line was established by removing non-fibroblasts through repeated primary culture and serial subcultivation of scar fibroblasts with reference to Veelken method. The 3-5 generation human skin scar fibroblasts on exponential phase of growth were made into single cell suspension by trypsin digestion which was then inoculated on plastic 96-well cell culture plate,with the density of 0.5×10~4/well as well as 100 μL cell suspension and 100 μL DMEM medium in each well. After culture for 24 hours,primary medium was discarded. The grouping of the experiment:200 μL mediums with 125.00,62.50,31.30,15.60,7.80,3.90,1.95,0.98 mg/L margarita liquid were used respectively in margarita liquid group;200 μL pure medium was added into each well in control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT and TUNEL assay were used to examine the proliferation and the apoptosis of fibroblastsrespectively.RESULTS:The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC_(50)) of margarita liquid on fibroblasts was 15 mg/L. Margarita liquid at any other concentration but 0.98 mg/L was effective in inhibiting fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent way,i.e. the higher margarita liquidconcentration,the higher inhibition ratio on fibroblast growth. Fibroblasts cultured with 15 mg/L (IC_(50)50) margarita liquid had got reduced volume,lessened cytoplasm,decreased density,increased apoptosis rate and buffy colour. Fibroblasts in control group were large,rich in cytoplasm and compact. Apoptotic index was higher in the margarita liquid group than in the blank control group CONCLUSION:Margarita liquid could inhibit the proliferation of skin scar fibroblasts cultured in vitro and induce the apoptosis of them.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the periodontal status of the family members of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSA total of 167 subjects in 43 families of type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study (71 male, 96 female; mean age: 49.2). Periodontal index including probing depth (PD), plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), attachment loss (AL) and the numbers of tooth loss were recorded.

RESULTSNinety-seven diabetic patients all have periodontitis, 50 mild, 24 moderate and 23 severe periodontitis. Of 48 non-diabetic patients, there are 5 gingivitis, 30 mild, 11 moderate and 2 severe periodontitis. There is statistically significant difference in the incidence of gingivitis mild moderate and severe periodontitis between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (chi(2) = 17.96, P < 0.05). The periodontal index PD, AL and numbers of tooth loss in diabetes family members were significantly higher than those of non-diabetes family members (P < 0.05). The clinical parameters were not different between well-controlled family member and non-diabetes family member.

CONCLUSIONSPeriodontal destruction of diabetes members was more severe than that of non-diabetes members. Diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for periodontitis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Gingivitis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDVascular control and tissue dissection are crucial steps in successful laparoscopic surgery. Recently, a new commercially available vessel sealing technology, the LigaSure vessel sealing system (Valleylab, Boulder, USA), has been introduced. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the benefits of the LigaSure in laparoscopic nephrectomy.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to March 2010, 170 laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed with the LigaSure vessel sealing system, including simple and radical nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy. In a retrospective study, the laparoscopic operating time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative drainage, total amount of postoperative drainage, as well as postoperative hospital stay, were recorded and studied.

RESULTSAll 170 laparoscopic nephrectomies using LigaSure were accomplished successfully without conversion to open surgery. There was no severe vascular complication or other serious complications. The mean laparoscopic operating time was 124.2 minutes (range, 14 - 230 minutes); mean blood loss was 148.6 ml (range, 20 - 540 ml); mean time for postoperative drainage was 3.1 days (range, 1 - 7 days); mean amount of postoperative drainage was 206.5 ml (range, 27 - 435 ml) and mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.9 days (range, 3 - 18 days).

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic nephrectomy using LigaSure appears technically feasible and easy, and produces satisfactory results. The LigaSure provides a safe and fast way to seal vessels and tissue bundles during nephrectomy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

AIMTo detect the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) tissues, as well as to determine the correlation between growth factor expression and prognosis in SACC.

METHODOLOGYMedical records of 63 patients surgically treated for SACC between January 1988 and October 2005 were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of NGF and VEGF in tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model were applied to assess predictors of survival.

RESULTSNGF and VEGF were overexpressed in SACC tissues, compared with those in normal salivary tissues (P < 0.05), and the staining intensity of these two factors was stronger in groups of solid subtype, advanced TNM stage, perineural invasion and recurrence. Patients with high-expression of NGF and VEGF, solid subtype, advanced stage, perineural invasion, recurrence and extended resection alone had worse survival rates (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNGF and VEGF are expressed increasingly in the tissues of SACC cases with invasion and metastasis. NGF expression and VEGF expression are independent

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; surgery ; Cranial Nerves ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nerve Growth Factor ; analysis ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Salivary Glands ; pathology ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of exogenous ER beta on the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells under different treatment.

METHODSAn eukaryotic expression vector containing 1.6 kb of human entire coding sequence of ER beta (pCDNA3-ER beta) was transfected into human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using lipofectamine 2000. The biological activity of ER beta was detected with the luciferase reporter containing estrogen responsive element (ERE) and the expression of ER beta protein by Western blot. The growth properties of MCF-7, pCDNA 3-transfected MCF-7 and pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells under different treatment, including E2 (17beta-estradiol) and 4-OHT (4-hydroxytamoxifen), were observed.

RESULTSA stronger activation of the reporter by ER beta in the presence of E2 was observed in the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells than in the pCDNA 3-transfected MCF-7 and in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of ER beta in the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells was markedly increased. Exogenous ER beta expression did not change the growth properties and the morphology of MCF-7 cells under normal condition. The pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells proliferated at the same rate as naive cells in the presence of 4-OHT, whereas a strong inhibition of the proliferation of the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells in the presence of E2 was observed.

CONCLUSIONExogenous ER beta expression does not increase the resistance to 4-OHT, and a strong inhibition of the proliferation may occur in the presence of E2.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Tamoxifen ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo find out potential molecular targets for gallbladder carcinoma diagnosis and treatment by analyzing and comparing the proteins expressed in human gallbladder carcinoma tissue and benign gallbladder tissue.

METHODSProteomic analysis of 6 human gallbladder carcinoma tissues and 6 benign gallbladder tissues was carried out. Total proteins of the carcinoma tissue and benign gallbladder tissue were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of PEBP1 protein in an independent series of samples.

RESULTSProtein extracts of individual samples in each type of tissues were separated on two-dimensional gels. There were forty six differentially expressed proteins in the gallbladder carcinom tissues. Seventeen proteins were successfully identified by MS, in which nine proteins were overexpressed in tumors while the other eight proteins were underexpressed. The increased level of PEBP1 protein in gallbladder carcinoma was further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

CONCLUSIONSeventeen differentially expressed proteins were successfully characterized by comparative proteomic analysis. Those results may provide scientific foundation for screening the molecular biomarkers which can be used in diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder carcinoma, as well as to improve its prognosis and provide a new clue for carcinogenesis research of gallbladder carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gallstones ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization