Objective: Social media usage is a global consumer phenomenon that has risen exponentially in the last few years. Published Indian studies on social media addiction are scarce and social media associated health issues are an emerging health problem in India. Objectives: To assess and compare social media addiction between private and public high-school students and to assess health problems related to social media usage across these groups. Methods: This crosssectional study was completed in 2016. It was conducted in five private and five public high schools across wards of Bengaluru city that were selected by simple random sampling. The subjects were students studying in grades 8, 9 and 10 (aged between 12 and 16 years). A total of 760 subjects were recruited, 380 from public and 380 from private high schools. They were administered a pretested, semi-structured, self-administrated questionnaire in either the local language or English. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to establish any associations between social media addiction and various other factors. Results: In our samples, 60.95% of social media users studied in private schools and 39.05% in public schools (z = 10.31, p<0.001). The most commonly used social media applications were, Internet gaming (69.23%) in Public schools and WhatsApp (61.15%) in Private schools. The overall prevalence of social media addiction was 19.96% among users with significantly higher rates of selfreported addiction in private schools (z = 3.47, p < 0.001). A total of 70.67% of the subjects had one or more physical symptoms, i.e. neck pain, tension, strain on eyes and fatigue of which 67.42% and 72.75% were from public and private schools, respectively. Psychological changes, i.e. anger, lonely and frustration; and behavioural changes, i.e. sleep disturbance and neglect personal hygiene were observed in 67.42% and 51.01% of public and private school pupils, (z = 3.85, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Private school students were more prone for social media addiction. Majority had mild addiction. Addiction was associated with behavioural changes. A multitude of physical, psychological and behavioural problems were observed among social media users.

Intracranial germinomas belong to the class of germ cell tumors which are relatively rare intracranial tumors. Early recognition of this neoplasm is vital as germinomas are highly radiosensitive and effective/ early radiation therapy can result in relatively favourable overall prognosis. In this article we describe a 19 years old man who presented with pituitary tumor in the suprasellar region for which transsphenoidal decompression and biopsy was done. The histopathological examination confirmed it to be germinoma and he underwent craniospinal radiotherapy.

Background & Objective: Many studies demonstrated that migraine patients have an interictal habituation and deficit of visual evoked potentials. Controversially, other studies could not reproduce similar finding. Hence, there is a dilemma regarding what should be the ultimate conclusions. The purpose of this study was to compare amplitude and habituation of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in migraine with aura patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 40 migraine with aura patients and 40 controls were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Using the pattern reversal stimuli, visual evoked potential were estimated in all the participants and abnormalities were noted. Results: In migraine with aura patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to deficient habituation after 15 min stimulation. In normal subjects, there was a decrease in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to the effect of habituation. The deficient habituation can be because of decreased serotonin levels resulting in reduced pre-activation of the cortex. Conclusion: Migraine with aura patients show evidence of abnormal cortical processing with interictal hyperactivity seen in heightened responsiveness and lack of habituation to visual evoked responses.