1.The resin-embedded cornea prepared via rapid processing protocol: A good histomorphometric target for clinical investigation in opthalmology and optometry
Pike See Cheah ; Norhani Mohidin ; Bariah Mohd Ali ; Myint Maung ; Azian Abdul Latif
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2008;15(3):49-54
This study illustrates and quantifies the changes on corneal tissue between the paraffin-embedded and resin-embedded blocks and thus, selects a better target in
investigational ophthalmology and optometry via light microscopy. Corneas of two cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. The
formalin-fixed cornea was prepared in paraffin block via the conventional tissue processing protocol (4-day protocol) and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.
The glutaraldehyde-fixed cornea was prepared in resin block via the rapid and modified tissue processing procedure (1.2-day protocol) and stained with toluidine
blue. The paraffin-embedded sample exhibits various undesired tissue damage and artifact such as thinner epithelium (due to the substantial volumic extraction
from the tissue), thicker stroma layer (due to the separation of lamellae and the presence of voids) and the distorted endothelium. In contrast, the resin-embedded
corneal tissue has demonstrated satisfactory corneal ultrastructural preservation. The rapid and modified tissue processing method for preparing the resin-embedded
is particularly beneficial to accelerate the microscopic evaluation in ophthalmology and optometry.
2.Dawn of Theranostics in Myanmar (Dream, Reality, and Constraint)
Kyin MYINT ; Tin Maung THEIN ; Thiri Kyi PHYU ; Win MAUNG
Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2019;53(1):42-46
Prostate cancer is third common malignancy in men of old age (average 65 years) in Myanmar. Currently, serum PSA and bone scan are the markers of choice. Because of the evidence-based, promising success of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT and 177Lu-PSMA theranostics in prostate cancer worldwide, (99m)Tc-PSMA SPECT-CT imaging and ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA therapy has launched as a stepping-stone of theranostics in Myanmar with the available facilities. Twelve cases of prostate cancer patients were imaged with 600 MBq of (99m)Tc-PSMA I+S SPECT-CT. Four metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) patients with abnormal result were treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA. The protocol consists of 6–8 GBq of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA, three successive doses at interval of 4–6 weeks. Post-therapy SPECT-CT imaging was done. All treated patients were improved by free of bone pain, and fall/rise in serum PSA level. Two patients with extensive skeletal metastases succumbed to complications. The results are well documented and present at the multidisciplinary conferences for clinical awareness. Theranostics in prostate cancer with available facilities is an additional boon to our health care professionals to upgrade cancer management in Myanmar. This paper provides the technology with cost effectiveness and benefit to prostate cancer patients of Myanmar.
Castration
;
Congresses as Topic
;
Cost-Benefit Analysis
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Myanmar
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Prostatic Neoplasms
;
Theranostic Nanomedicine
3.Dawn of Theranostics in Myanmar (Dream, Reality, and Constraint)
Kyin MYINT ; Tin Maung THEIN ; Thiri Kyi PHYU ; Win MAUNG
Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2019;53(1):42-46
Prostate cancer is third common malignancy in men of old age (average 65 years) in Myanmar. Currently, serum PSA and bone scan are the markers of choice. Because of the evidence-based, promising success of â¶â¸Ga-PSMA PET-CT and 177Lu-PSMA theranostics in prostate cancer worldwide, (99m)Tc-PSMA SPECT-CT imaging and ¹â·â·Lu-PSMA therapy has launched as a stepping-stone of theranostics in Myanmar with the available facilities. Twelve cases of prostate cancer patients were imaged with 600 MBq of (99m)Tc-PSMA I+S SPECT-CT. Four metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) patients with abnormal result were treated with ¹â·â·Lu-PSMA. The protocol consists of 6–8 GBq of ¹â·â·Lu-PSMA, three successive doses at interval of 4–6 weeks. Post-therapy SPECT-CT imaging was done. All treated patients were improved by free of bone pain, and fall/rise in serum PSA level. Two patients with extensive skeletal metastases succumbed to complications. The results are well documented and present at the multidisciplinary conferences for clinical awareness. Theranostics in prostate cancer with available facilities is an additional boon to our health care professionals to upgrade cancer management in Myanmar. This paper provides the technology with cost effectiveness and benefit to prostate cancer patients of Myanmar.
4.Unusual variations of the lateral and posterior cords in a female cadaver.
San San THWIN ; Fazlin ZAINI ; Myo THAN ; Soe LWIN ; Maung MYINT
Singapore medical journal 2012;53(6):e128-30
The presence of anatomical variations of the peripheral nervous system often accounts for unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. We report unusual variations of the lateral and posterior cords of the brachial plexus in a female cadaver. Such variations are attributed to a faulty union of divisions of the brachial plexus during the embryonic period. The median nerve lay medial to the axillary artery (AA) on both sides. On the right, the lateral root of the median nerve crossing the AA and the median nerve in relation to the medial side of the AA was likely the result of a faulty development of the seventh intersegmental artery. We discuss these variations and compare them with the findings of other researchers. Knowledge of such rare variations is clinically important, aiding radiologists, anaesthesiologists and surgeons to avoid inadvertent damage to nerves and the AA during blocks and surgical interventions.
Axillary Artery
;
innervation
;
Brachial Plexus
;
abnormalities
;
anatomy & histology
;
Cadaver
;
Female
;
Human Body
;
Humans
;
Median Nerve
;
abnormalities
;
anatomy & histology
;
Middle Aged
5.Stent-assisted percutaneous angioplasty for extra-cranial carotid disease:experience at Singapore General Hospital.
Apoorva GOGNA ; Narayan LATH ; Hui Meng CHANG ; Bien Soo TAN ; Meng Cheong WONG ; Tian Hai KOH ; Soo Teik LIM ; Maung Myint HTOO ; Winston E H LIM
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2009;38(9):756-762
INTRODUCTIONThis study aims to analyse the results of carotid stenting in a tertiary referral centre in Singapore.
MATERIALS AND METHODSRetrospective analysis of all carotid artery stenting (CAS) cases in a single centre from March 1997 to December 2008 was performed. Sixty successful procedures were performed in 61 patients, with bilateral stenting in 1 patient, and 2 failed procedures. The majority were Chinese (78.7%) and males (77.0%), with a high proportion having hypertension (82.0%) and hypercholesterolaemia (78.7%). The majority (91.8%) of patients were high surgical risk candidates, primarily due to cardiac risk factors. Ten patients (16.4%) had prior neck irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and 3 patients each (4.9%) had previous endarterectomy and contralateral occlusion. A distal embolic protection device was used in 71.7% of cases.
RESULTSTechnical success was 96.8%. The 30-day stroke and death rate was 13.8%, comparable to reported results for this high surgical risk population.
CONCLUSIONCAS is a technically feasible and a relatively safe alternative to endarterectomy to treat extracranial carotid stenosis, especially in patients who are inoperable or at high surgical risk.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty ; methods ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk ; Singapore ; Stents
6.Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at +276 g>T of the Adiponectin gene and Plasma Adiponectin Level in Myanmar Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Khin Thin Yu ; Kyu Kyu Maung ; Aye Thida ; Thein Myint
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2018;33(2):160-164
Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at rs 1501299 (SNP+276 G>T) of the adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Myanmar.
Methodology:
One hundred T2DM patients and 104 non-diabetic subjects were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. Genotype frequencies were determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Plasma adiponectin level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Result:
Genotype frequencies (GG, GT, TT) of SNP+276 in diabetic patients were 39%, 48% and 13%, respectively. The GT and TT genotypes were more frequent in T2DM patients (OR 1.98, 95% CI, 1.10-3.55; p=0.02 and OR 4.07, 95% CI, 1.34-12.3; p=0.01), respectively. The T allele of SNP+276 was significantly associated with T2DM (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.27-3.01; p=0.002). Mean plasma adiponectin level was significantly lower than in T2DM patients (27.41±16.7 μg/mL) compared to non-diabetic subjects (37.19±26.77 μg/mL) (p=0.002)
Conclusion
SNP+276 at rs 1501299 of the adiponectin gene was associated with type 2 diabetes and low plasma adiponectin levels in this Myanmar population.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
7.Myanmar diabetes care model: Bridging the gap between urban and rural healthcare delivery
Tint Swe Latt ; Than Than Aye ; Ko Ko ; Ye Myint ; Maung Maung Thant ; Kyar Nyo Soe Myint ; Khin Sanda ; Khaing Lwin ; Htet Htet Khin ; Tin Win Aung ; Kyaw Myint Oo
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2015;30(2):105-117
There has been significant magnitude of problems of diabetes in Myanmar, according to the estimates of
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the recent National Survey on the prevalence of diabetes. There has
been a wide gap of equity between the urban and rural healthcare delivery for diabetes. Myanmar Diabetes Care
Model (MMDCM) aims to deliver equitable diabetes care throughout the country, to stem the tide of rising burden of
diabetes and also to facilitate to achieve the targets of the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of
NCDs (2013-2020). It is aimed to deliver standard of care for diabetes through the health system strengthening at all
level. MMDCM was developed based on the available health system, resources and the country's need.
Implementation for the model was also discussed.
8.Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of transplant renal artery stenosis.
Lee Lian CHEW ; Bien Soo TAN ; Krishna KUMAR ; Maung Myint HTOO ; Kok Seng WONG ; Christopher W S CHENG ; Terence K B TEO ; Farah Gillani IRANI ; Hui Lin CHOONG ; Kiang Hiong TAY
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2014;43(1):39-43
INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to assess the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as the primary treatment for transplant renal artery stenosis (TxRAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective review of PTA of TxRAS from April 1999 to December 2008 was performed. Twenty-seven patients (17 males (M):10 females (F)) with the mean age of 49.5 years underwent PTA of TxRAS in the review period. Indications for PTA were suboptimal control of hypertension (n=12), impaired renal function (n=6) and both suboptimal control of hypertension and impaired renal function (n=9). All patients had doppler ultrasound scans prior to their PTA. In addition, 5 of these patients had computed tomography angiography (CTA) and another 7 had magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) evaluation. Mean follow-up period was 57.0 months (range, 7 to 108 months).
RESULTSThe stenotic lesions were located proximal to the anastomosis (n=2), at the anastomosis (n=15), and distal to the anastomosis (n=14). Technical success rate was 96.3%. One case was complicated by extensive dissection during PTA, resulting in subsequent graft failure. The overall clinical success rate was 76.9%. Seven out of 26 patients had restenoses (26.9% of cases). These were detected at a mean of 14.3 months post angioplasty (range, 5 to 38 months). All 7 patients underwent a second PTA successfully. Three of these patients required more than 1 repeat PTA.
CONCLUSIONPTA is safe and effective in the management of symptomatic TxRAS and should be the primary treatment of choice. Close surveillance for restenosis is required and when diagnosed, re-angioplasty can be performed.
Adult ; Angioplasty ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors