Introduction: It has been suggested thatthe p53 codon 72 genotype is frequentlymutated in many forms of human carcinomas;however, as for renal cell carcinoma (RCC),not all investigations have been consistentand this hypothesized association remainscontroversial. These conflicting resultsmay have arisen due to different patientsubgroups and ethnicities studied. For thefirst time, this study explores the p53 codon72 genotype on Mongolian patients withRCC.Materials and methods: Genomic DNAwas obtained from the peripheral bloodsamples of 87 patients with RCC and 87 ageand gender matched cancer-free Mongolianpeople. p53 codon 72 genotyping wasexamined by PCR-RFLP. The association ofeach genotype with RCC was calculated bythe odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.Results: The proportions of the p53codon 72 genotype of 87 Mongolian patientswith RCC were Arg/Arg 57.5%, Arg/Pro26.4% and Pro/Pro16.1% respectively. Thegenotype proportions of the cancer-freeMongolian people were Arg/Arg50.6%,Arg/Pro 35.6%, Pro/Pro 13.8%, respectively.Compared to the RR genotype, odds ratioand 95% confidence interval of the PR andPP genotypes were OR=0.652 (95% CI. 0.70-0.85; p=0.997) and OR=1.026 (95% CI.0.55-0.71; p=0.998), respectively. Averageages at diagnosis for RCC patients wereRR=49±11.7, PR=51±16.2 and PP=57±12.7respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate thatArg/Arg genotype is the most common genotypein Mongolian patients with RCC and cancerfreepeople. Moreover, current sample sizesuggests thatPro/Pro (PP) genotype of thep53 codon 72 may be associated with therisk of RCC among Mongolians. There wasnot significant difference in average onsetages at diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a cancer of significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. It is the second most common urological cancer in Mongolia. It is important to understand the risk factors of bladder cancer.We evaluated the association of smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index and other potential risk factors with bladder cancer incidence in Mongolians.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from a case-control study (116 histologically confirmed bladder cancer cases and 300 cancer-free healthy, age, gender-matched controls). All participants signed the consent form andfilled out the structured questionnaire including cigarette smoking, BMI, chronic urinary disease andalcohol drinking etc. Using logistic regression we estimated the covariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and95% confidence interval (CI) of the associations.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients with bladder cancer was 56±10.5 years and 79.3% male and 20.7% female.Cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass index were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer OR 6, 48 (95% CI 1, 61-1, 70), OR 80 (95% CI 1, 48-1, 93) and OR=9.8 (95% CI 2.32-2.91) respectively but not alcohol drinking OR 0, 26 (95% CI 1, 56-1, 66).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass indexincreased risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian patients.

Introduction: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) revolutionizedthe treatment of urolithiasis and graduallybecame the favorite treatment option sothat today it is considered to be the first lineof treatment for patients with urolithiasis.The purpose of this study was assessment oftherapeutic efficacy, complications of ESWLin urolithiasis in Mongolia.Material and methods: A total of46 patients harboring renal and ureteralstones underwent ESWL between March2016 and September 2016 at First CentralHospital of Mongolia. Karl Storz ModulithSLK electromagnetic machines were usedto impart shock waves. All collected stonefragments sent for biochemical analysis.Results: A total of 46 patients 23 weremales (50%). Patients were mean age of34. The stone size distribution was 0.5cmto 3.1cm. The average treatment time wasranging from 75-110 minutes. The averagenumber of shock waves per treatmentwas 3172±378 (range 1500-4000). Theoverall success rate was 75.73%. All calculidisintegrated satisfactorily except for 3stones, which is located lower 1/3rd ofureter. Stone composition analysis proved tobe composed entirely or predominantly ofcalcium oxalate monohydrate. These patientsrequired to have ureterolithoextraction. Calculicomposition for remaining patients 12 werecalcium oxalate monohydrate, 17 calciumoxalate dehydrate, 6 uric acid and 1 struvite.Complications were mostly minor and rare.Most of the patients (90.7%) developedmacroscopic hematuria after treatment; fewpatients developed mild bruising at the entryand exit sites of the shockwaves on the bodywall. Severe complications such as renalhematoma and steinstrasse were diagnosedfor one patient each and their managementwas non-surgical.Conclusion: ESWL is therefore the firstline treatment for urolithiasis with stonesize smaller than 2cm. It has an efficiencyrate above 75, low procedure time, highsafety and good tolerability and minimalcomplication.

Background: Studies from other countries have identified multiple contributing factors to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between RCC and certain risk factors among the Mongolian pop ulation. Aim: To identify the risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Mongolian individuals. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with RCC (confirmed by pathological examination) in the case group. The control group consisted of 88 healthy individuals matched by age and gender. A case-control study design was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on the questionnaire results from both groups to identify risk factors for RCC through both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: A total of 176 participants were included in the study-88 with RCC and 88 without cancer. Statistically signif icant associations with RCC were found for hypertension, urinary tract diseases, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Although weight gain appeared to increase the risk for RCC, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Individuals with hypertension, a history of urinary tract diseases, smokers, and alcohol users are at a higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.