Background: In Mongolia, the prevalence of osteoporosis is showing an increasing trend, with Uvs province exhibiting particularly high rates. International studies have primarily focused on calcium intake in adolescents, women during and after menopause, while there is a pressing need for comprehensive baseline research that includes all age groups regard less of gender. Aim: To assess the knowledge and dietary calcium intake among residents aged 18 and above in Uvs province, and to investigate the correlation between calcium knowledge and intake. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 individuals aged 18 years and older who vis ited the Uvs Province General Hospital. The daily calcium intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire developed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 330 participants were included, with a mean age of 44.39 ± 3.93 years. Among them, 33% (n=109) were male and 67% (n=221) were female. Regarding knowledge of calcium, 43% of respondents had low knowledge, 22% had moderate knowledge, and 35% had high knowledge. Concerning daily dietary calcium intake, 43% had a very low intake (<500 mg), 19% had inadequate intake (500–1000 mg), and 38% had adequate intake (>1000 mg). Statistically significant associations were found between calcium knowledge level and gender, education level, calcium supplements, and vitamin D usage (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between daily calcium intake and the level of knowledge regarding calcium (p = 0.131). Conclusion 1. Among the study participants, 43% had a low level of knowledge about calcium, 22% had a moderate level, and 35% had a high level. 2. Regarding daily dietary calcium intake, 43% of participants had a very low intake, 19% had an insufficient intake, and 38% had an adequate intake. 3. Factors such as gender, educational level, and the use of calcium supplements and vitamin D were found to influence the participants’ level of knowledge about calcium. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a broader evaluation of calcium intake among the general population, accurately determine calcium consumption, and develop health education programs and recommendations.

Since a human being was born, female reproductive organs, particularly the structure and function of the ovaries are constantly changing. The findings of overseas studies referred hereunder show that the ovarian follicular growth and atresia in young girls occur simultaneously, continuously and actively. The histopathology and ultrasound examination of the ovaries in girls were similar in principles. We found that ovarian maturation is influenced by hormonal stimulation, not only by age. In the most of the study, ovarian follicles were divided into two groups; as micro-cysts (<9mm) and macro-cysts (>9mm).
In every country, physical development of inhabitants shall be researched academically in every 5 to 10 years, comparing to geography, nature, weather conditions, culture, occupation and livelihood of local residents, in connection with the social and economic development of the country; urban and rural areas. In the studies regarding physical growth and development of Mongolian children’s body, structure and maturation of the ovaries in girls have not been determined. However, in 1996, Tuul M. studied ovarian measurements in Mongolian adults sampling organs from cadavers. Fundamental research determining the characteristic of ovarian structure and maturation in Mongolian girls and comparing results with an onset of puberty is needed to be developed.

Background: Accreditation of healthcare institutions serves as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring patient safety and validating the quality of medical services provided to the population. At Intermed Hospital, a quality measurement system for healthcare services has been established since 2015, encompassing 126 quality indicators at both institutional and departmental levels. This system facilitates continuous quality improvement efforts. In this context, quality indicators specific to the endoscopy department play a pivotal role in objectively assessing the quality of endoscopic services. Aim: To assess the quality indicators in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted by collecting data from the Intermed hospital’s electronic information systems which included HIS and PACS and Quality and Safety Department’s Database and the results were processed using the SPSS software. Ethical approval was granted by the Intermed hospital’s Scientific research committee. The quality of endoscopic services in the Intermed hospital was assessed based on: a) the average values of four quality indicators measured monthly; b) sample survey data from five categories of quality indicators. Results : Between 2016 and 2024, the quality indicators of the endoscopy unit measured as the level of early warning score evaluations for patients was 95.97%±3.33, the level of cases where peripheral blood oxygen saturation decreased during sedation was 1.54%±3.78, the level of cases where patients experienced paradoxiical response during sedation was 5.82%±1.75, surveillance culturing level for validation of endoscopy reprocessing was 11.6%. The endoscopic documentation quality by peer review showed 95.7-100%, the colonoscopy quality indicators were followings as adenoma detection rate: 24.5% Cecal intubation rate: 99.1%, 95.2%, Colonoscope withdrawal average time: 13.28±10.62 minutes, Bowel preparation quality (Boston Scale): 89.3% 95.7%), patient discharge from the recovery room, Average discharge time post-procedure: With propofol alone: 30.92 minutes; With propofol and fentanyl combined: 31.52 minutes, The intermediate risk was 0.28% by the TROOPS evaluation during procedural sedation. Conclusion The quality benchmark levels for these endoscopic units, as determined by a single-center study, can be effectively implemented by benchmark endoscopy centers to enhance their quality and safety operations.