Extract of Caragana sinica iv (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg ) significantly decreased the viscosity of wliole blood, plasma viscosity and whole blood reductive viscosity in rabbiLs. It also decreased fibrinogen cotent in plasma, and shortened platelet eletrophoresis time. In addition,extract of C. sinica significantly inhibited platelet adhesiveness.

This study was aimed to establish an inspection method for the limited quantity of aconitine and the content determination of schisandrol in Yi-Shen Xiao-Zhong(YSXZ) pill.Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to inspect the limited quantity of aconitine in YSXZ pill.The content of schisandrol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that the identification method of the limited quantity of aconitine and the content determination method of schisandrol were established.Compared to the correspondent position of the control chromatography,the limited quantity of aconitine was 2.5μg,which was much lower than the dose of inducing toxic reaction.It can be used in the limited quantity control of aconitine for toxic reaction in YSXZ pill.The calibration curve of schisandrol was linear at 2.92-95.36μg·mL-1.The regression equation wasy = 18.630x + 2.556 (r = 1).The average recovery was 95.10% and RSD was 1.55% (n = 6).It was concluded that the established method for the inspection and content determination of aconitine and schisandrol was simple,accurate and reproducible.It can be used in the quality control of YSXZ pill.

To isolate corynoline from Corydalis bungeana Turcz.and study its anti-inflammatory mechanism via TLRs/NF-κB signal pathway.Corynoline was extracted by 80％ ethanol and purified by silicagel column chromatography.The structure and purity of corynoline was determined by UPLC,MS,1H NMR and 13C NMR.In the course of experiment,the cytotoxicity of corynoline was evaluated by MTT assay.And the inflammation model was established by RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),which was intervened by coryno line.The expression levels of TLR4,TLR2 and nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathways related proteinsin RAW264.7 macrophages were detected by Western blot.Furthermore,the expressionof NF-κB p65 mRNA and nuclear p65 were determined by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot.Results showed that 5-40 μmol/L corynoline reduced the expression level of TLR4 and TLR2,and inhibited the phosphorylation level of IκBα and the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 at gene and protein levelin a dose-dependent manner in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.This study indicated the protective effect of corynoline on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages may be related with the inhibition of TLRs/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

Chronic kidney disease in recent years has become the prominent public health problem. Researches of self-management in patients with chronic kidney disease are increasing. Improving health management for patients with chronic kidney disease can slow kidney disease process, reduce readmission rate, improve the quality of life, also can reduce the social and economic burden and medical expenses. This paper reviewed in order to provide basis for future research.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the Sham group, AKI group, EGCG group and TLR4 group (n = 10 each). To establish the rat model of endotoxemia, serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected by biochemical assays; serum interlukin (IL) -6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA; kidney histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method; and expression of TLR4, Myd88 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in rat kidneys at both protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively.Results Kidney injury increased significantly in AKI group compared to the sham group. Serum Cr, BUN, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels significantly increased whereas IL-10 levels significantly decreased in AKI group compared to the sham group. Expression levels of TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB also significantly increased at both protein and mRNA levels in AKI group compared to the sham group. Treatment with EGCG prior to induction of LPS-mediated AKI conferred protection against AKI by significantly reducing the expression of inflammatory markers such as, TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB. Given TLR4 inhibitor based on this, the protective effect of EGCG on AKI was via inhibition of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion EGCG exhibited a protective effect against LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To analyze the echocardiographic features of operation-related aorto-cardiac fistula(ACF) after surgery or transcatheter procedure, to explore the value of echocardiography on diagnosis of operation-related ACF, and summarize the key points of its diagnosis.Methods:Eight patients with operation-related ACF who were admitted to Fuwai Hospital were collected from July 2002 to December 2020. Echocardiographic features of the 8 patients with operation-related ACF were reviewed and analyzed. The diagnosis methodology was summarized.Results:Of the 8 patients with operation-related ACF, 3 had aortic right atrial fistula and 5 had aortic right ventricular fistula. The fistula was single, which can be located but not limited to the aortic sinus. The median size of the fistula was 4 mm (range: 3-5 mm). There was no aneurysmal dilation of the aortic sinus where the fistula was located. The fractured end of the fistula did not thin, and the fistula had a regular shape. Six of the 8 patients undertook cardiac catheterization and occlusion. One patient received surgical repairment. One patient was treated conservatively.Conclusions:Echocardiography can help diagnose operation-related ACF and provide valuable information for further clinical diagnosis and treatment. Sonographers should avoid missed diagnosis and pay attention to distinguishing from other causes of aortic-cardiac shunt disease.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pres-sure in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection. Methods Case information of 204 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection admitted to vascular surgery department of the Second Xiangya hospital of Central South University from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to patients'blood pressure rhythm during hospitalization, patients were divided into normal blood pressure cir-cadian rhythm group (127 cases) and abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythm group (77 cases). Demo-graphic information, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results, comorbilities and medication treatment of the two groups were compared by using multivariate logistics regression analysis. Results The difference of the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results{average night systolic blood pressure [(112. 90 ± 10. 00) mmHg vs (128. 15 ± 15. 20) mmHg], average night diastolic blood pressure [(66. 40 ± 7. 91) mmHg vs (76. 10 ± 7. 97) mmHg]}, comorbilities hyperlipidemia, renal failure, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, smoking and the medication treatment ( analgesics, hypnotics and intravenous antihypertensive medicine) were statistically significant (P<0. 05);multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ob-structive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and renal failure were independent risk factors of abnormal blood pressure rhythm in Stanford type B aortic dissection patients. While analgesics, hypnotics and intravenous antihypertensive medicine were protective factors. Conclusions The risk factors of abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection are renal failure and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Protective factors were the usage of analgesics, hypnotics and intravenous antihypertensive medicine.

Objective:To review the patients with supramitral ring (SMR) and summary echocardiographic features and operative prognosis in these patients.Methods:Clinical and echocardiographic data of 53 patients with SMR treated in Fuwai Hospital from Jan 2016 to Jan 2020 were reviewed. Patients were divided into simple group( n=28) and complex group( n=25) based on mitral apparatus normal or not. The echocardiographic characteristics, morphology of the rings, procedure′s results and follow-up data were recorded and assessed. Results:There was no significant difference in age, peak and mean mitral value(MV) gradient before surgery between the two groups (all P>0.05). Patients with mitral regurgitation and left outflow tract obstruction in complex group were more than in simple group (all P<0.05). All patients underwent cardiac operation. The average follow-up were(14.69±11.14)months. The overall missed diagnosis was 13%. The missed diagnosis rate in complex group was higher(20% vs 7%). The peak and mean MV gradient in all patients after surgery were reduced (all P<0.05), but the gradients in complex group were higher than simple group(all P<0.05). Restensis occurred in 3 patients in each group after surgery, in which 3 patients in complex group accepted reoperation. Conclusions:Echocardiography can diagnose different types of SMR and associated malformations, evaluate surgical outcomes, and follow up for recurrence of SMR. Patients with simple SMR have better surgical results, but there is still a certain recurrence rate of stenosis.

Objective To analyze the midterm outcome of patients with congenital aortic stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (PBAV) by single echocardiographic guidance. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with congenital aortic stenosis who underwent PBAV by single echocardiographic guidance at Fuwai Hospital from January 2016 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 18.27±15.30 years. The preoperative peak pressure gradient was 61.8–110.0 (80.30±24.50) mm Hg, and 50% of patients had aortic regurgitation. Results All patients successfully underwent PBAV. Aortic annulus diameter was 18.65±3.17 mm and balloon diameter was 17.62±3.77 mm, with balloon diameter to annulus diameter ratio of 0.92±0.07. The peak transaortic gradient was 16-51 (36.72±12.33) mm Hg immediately after procedure, which was significantly different from the preoperation (P=0.000). During the follow-up period, the peak transaortic gradient was 21-58 (37.06±13.52) mm Hg, and there was no significant difference between the follow-up and immediate postoperation (P=0.310). Immediately after procedure and during follow-up, 58% of patients had aortic regurgitation, which was not statistically different from the preoperation (P=0.682). Conclusion Systematic use of Doppler echocardiographic guidance for PBAV is feasible, and that it is associated with a high success rate and a very low complication rate.

Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) was first identified from white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum) root and began to attract interest when its presence in red wine and cardiovascular activities were reported, leading to speculation of its contribution to the 'French paradox'. Besides the cardiovascular protection, potential health benefits of resveratrol include calorie restriction-like effects, cancer prevention and adjunctive therapy, and neuroprotection. In order to achieve translational applications of these potential benefits, pharmacokinetic research was performed for plasma pharmacokinetics and related disposition of orally dosed resveratrol. This paper summarizes the known human pharmacokinetic characteristics of resveratrol after oral administration and various attempts to improve its systemic exposure level from the perspectives of systemic exposure and in vivo process. However, available pharmacokinetic data of resveratrol has raised conundrums that limit translating potential benefits to clinics: (1) differences between the unchanged resveratrol used in bioactivity studies and its major circulating forms (i.e., metabolites) after dosing; (2) resveratrol's test concentrations used to exert in vitro bioactivities related to the benefits significantly higher than the compound's clinically achievable concentrations; (3) resveratrol's concentrations achievable (estimated from the pharmacokinetics) from doses used to produce in vivo efficacy significantly lower than the effective concentrations found in studies of related action mechanism (suggesting unreliability of test mechanism). In the last part of this review, we provide recommendations for future pharmacokinetic investigations of resveratrol, including a more systematic investigation of systemic exposure to resveratrol metabolites, their access to in vivo loci responsible for the benefits, and their disposition in target cells; an investigation of colon-luminal exposure to resveratrol and its metabolites for accessing colonic microbiota; and a multi-compound pharmacokinetic investigation of red wine.