Atrophy of thigh muscles always appears when a knee is injured, especially if the injured knee has to be immobilized for a long time. In general, both doctors and patients can find out about atrophy and inccrease fitness of muscles is very important to bring patients and athletes to their works, sport training or performance. At the Vietnam Sport Medicine Center, we are applying the Isokinetic method to help patients reduce rehab duration. Our research: “Recover the fitness of quadriceps on the Isokinetic systems to atrophy cases after knee injuries” show that thigh fitness can fully recover within 6 to 14 days provided that Isokinetic recovery program is applied.
Knee Injuries ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic

UUse of the gastrocnemius muscle flap has proven to be highly effective in reconstruction of knee and lower leg defect due to its easy procedure, anatomical consistency, and less donor site morbidity.The gastrocnemius muscle is anatomically spindle shape, the volume of the distal part of the muscle for coverage is actually quite small and also even smaller when disuse atrophy is accompanied due to trauma. Although the defect is inside flap's arc of rotation, it is out of gastrocnemius muscle flap's indication when the defect size is extensive, and even though the defect is small, it is also out of indication when the defect is a bit out of arc of rotation. There has been a lot of modification to increase the flap's arc of rotation or dimension. However, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results due to limitation and expense in clinical application. Authors used, for soft tissue reconstruction on broader area, gastrocnemius musculo-adipofascial flap, rather than classical gastrocnemius muscle flap, based on the fascial plexus of gastrocnemius muscle. We obtained a good result in lower extremity reconstruction of 7 cases from March 1999 to July 2000 and report this result with several cases.
Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Lower Extremity* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Tissue Donors

I previously reported the PCR-based Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) region polymorphisms in the three northeast Asian populations (Chinese, Koreans, Japanese) and Caucasians. Here I update this analysis by including the data of the allele distribution in 378 unrelated individuals from four populations in Asia. In this study I investigated PCR-based CAG repeat polymorphism on the SBMA locus among four Asian populations (Mongolian, Evenki, Orochon, Negrito) and performed the statistical analysis on the eight populations including the previously analyzed data. Both statistical analyses of one-way ANOVA (F=3.284, P=0.002) and Kruskal-Wallis test (chi-square=21.542, DF=7, P=0.003) showed remarkable differences in CAG allele distributions among the populations. Post-hoc test showed that the difference between Negritos and Caucasians was especially significant (Scheffe: P=0.042; Bonferroni: P=0.004). Also a significant differences among Northeast Asians, Caucasians and Negritos (Southeast Asian) were detected by these two tests (ANOVA; F=8.132, P.0.000, Kruskal-Wallis; chi-square=16.614, DF=2, P.0.000). Post-hoc test showed that the differences between Negritos and Caucasias was also especially significant (Scheffe: P=0.001; Bonferroni: P=0.000) among these three groups. These data present that the CAG repeat polymorphism of SBMA gene has a useful information for studies of human population genetics.
Alleles ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic* ; Trinucleotide Repeats*

Facial asymmetry is not an uncommon occurrence in day to day dental practice. It can be caused by various etiologic factors ranging from facial trauma to serious hereditary conditions. Here, we report a rare case of non-syndromic facial asymmetry in a young female, who was born with this condition but was not aware of the progression of asymmetry. No relevant family history was recognized. She was also deficient in both deciduous and permanent teeth in the corresponding region of maxilla. Hence, the cause of this asymmetry was believed to be a segmental odontomaxillary hypoplasia of left maxilla accompanied by agenesis of left maxillary premolars and molars and disuse atrophy of corresponding facial musculature. This report briefly discussed the comparative features of segmental odontomaxillary hypoplasia, hemimaxillofacial dysplasia, and segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia and justified the differences between segmental odontomaxillary hypoplasia and the other two conditions.
Bicuspid ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Tooth

Disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle is a common clinical problem and its exact mechanisms have not been fully understood. Previous studies suggested that disuse muscle atrophy is realized through the activation of one or more cell signaling pathways, but studies have shown that disuse atrophy is the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome caused extensive decomposition of the protein. The present researches for disuse atrophy mainly focus on regulatory role in the upstream signaling molecules MuRF1 and Atroginl/MAFbx by NF-kappaB, IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, TGF-beta/Smad and MAPK signal pathway and a plurality of signal pathway activation or inhibition and interaction,and then through the ubiquitin--proteasome to influence the metabolism of protein. But regulation of expression of MuRF1 and Atroginl/MAFbxs still to be studied. Participate in disuse atrophy also needs to be further studied with atrophy confirmation and functional gene verification. The paper summarized recent original articles about the researches of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy and reviewed the various signal pathways and related u-biquitin-proteasome protein metabolism of disuse muscle atrophy.
Animals ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to document the isokinetic performance deficiencies of the invertor and evertor muscles of chronically sprained ankles. METHOD: Eversion/Inversion testing was performed by a Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer at the speeds of 60degrees/sec and 120degrees/sec on 17 subjects who had unilateral chronic ankle sprain. Values were compared between the involved and uninvolved sides. RESULTS: The inversion peak torque deficits between the involved and uninvolved extremities were significantly greater than eversion deficits at 60degrees/sec and 120degrees/sec. Evertor/Invertor peak torque ratios of involved sides at 60degrees/sec were significantly greater than uninvolved sides. CONCLUSION: We conclude that chronic ankle sprains associate an ankle invertor weakness rather than an evertor weakness. Ankle invertor weakness might be resulted from a disuse atrophy and painful ankle inversion. Further prospective study is needed to determine the relationship between the invertor weakness and the chronic ankle sprain.
Ankle Injuries* ; Ankle* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Muscles ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Sprains and Strains ; Torque

PURPOSE: Bone density changes of the femoral head in transient synovitis of the hip were investigated by analyzing the PACS pixel value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy seven patients diagnosed as unilateral transient synovitis of the hip were investigated. Conventional plain anteroposterior (AP) and frog-leg lateral projection films of the hip were studied for pixel value measurements in PACS. The pixel values of the center of femur head, the periphery of femur head, the femur neck, and the intertrochanter of proximal femur were measured. RESULTS: The pixel value ratios for healthy versus involved sites at the center of the femoral head, at periphery of the femur head and at the femur neck were 1:0.967, 1:0.967 and 1:0.967 on AP view, and 1:0.961, 1:0.955 and 1:0.965 on frog-leg lateral view. The relative pixelvalues were maximally decreased around 2 weeks after symptom onset. After 2 months pixel values of the involved side were nearly normal. CONCLUSION: There was a significant decrease in the pixel value of the involved side, which may have been due to disuse atrophy. Also, the pixel value seemed to be useful for quantifying changes of the bone density in transient synovitis of the hip.
Bone Density* ; Femur ; Femur Head ; Femur Neck ; Head* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Synovitis*

The experiment was designed to investigate type-selectivity of the involved muscle fibers and changes in the component ratios of the fiber types following the progression of disuse atrophy in the skeletal muscle. After inducing disuse atrophy of the skeletal muscle by applying cast on the hind limb, we used histological and histochemical stains in the sections of the rat Tibialia anterior muscles. The results were as follows. 1. Even 8 weeks after immobilization of the hind limb, differentiation of muscle fiber types by histolo gical and histochemical staining methods in the Tibialis anterior muscle could be possible. 2. Atrophy of muscle fibers was more pronounced in type IIB and type I fibers than in type IIA fibers. 3. Central migration of sarcolemmal nuclei and ring fiber appeared after 6th and 8th weeks of immobilization respectively, in the H&E and trichrome preparations. Ac-pase or Alk-pase positive fibem were not noted throughout the experimental periods.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Coloring Agents ; Extremities ; Immobilization ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Rats

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether paraspinal muscle wasting occurs in association with chronic low back pain(LBP) and to know whether low back muscle exercise is effective for abating chronic low back pain. Cross sectional areas(CSA) of lumbar vertebral bodies and paraspinal muscles were measured using CT at the level of the fouth lumbar vertebral body in 37 patients(23 males 14 females) with acute low back pain and in 44 patients(20 males, 24 females) with chronic low back pin. The results were as follows; 1) The mean age of the patients with chronic LBP were higher than those with acute LBP. 2) The CSAs of L4 vertebral bodies were correlated significantly with body weight and the CSAs of L4 vertebral bodies, erector spinae and psoas muscles were larger in males than in females. 3) The volumes of the paraspinal muscles were significantly reduced in patients with chronic LBP compared to a cute LBP. These changes can cause erector spinae and psoas muscle weakness and disuse atrophy and thereby predispose to spinal instability and progressive dysfuction.
Back Muscles ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain* ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Paraspinal Muscles* ; Psoas Muscles

In the case presented a Botulinum toxin was injected into the extraocular muscles to treat limitation of eyeball movement due to retention of a metallic foreign body in the orbit. A 32-year-old man had had a major complaint of exohypotropia with diplopia for 15 years and a routine X-ray examination and C-T scan of the orbit revealed an approximately 5 cm long metallic foreign body bridging the right retrobulbar space, the right ethmoid sinus and the sphenoid sinus. During the course of extracting the foreign body, a lesion on the muscle, fatty tissue and fibrotic adhesion, resulting in disuse atrophy or mechanical damage of the right medial rectus and right superior rectus appeared likely. The injection of 5 units of Botulinum toxin into both the right lateral rectus and the right inferier rectus appeared clinically successful after 6 months, resulting in orthophoria and diminishing diplopia.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Diplopia ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Muscles ; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ; Orbit* ; Sphenoid Sinus