Introduction: In recent years, there is no scientific epidemiological data about prevalence and risk factors of bronchial asthma among population in Mongolia. Goal: The aim of this study was to define some risk factors of bronchial asthma among urban adults. Materials and Methods: 1201 adults were randomly chosen aged over 20 years who lives in different districts of Ulaanbaatar city. The participants were interviewed using a modified questionnaire of “Global Initiative for Asthma” - GINA. Besides demographic data, information on smoking habits and atopic symptoms was collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to calculate odds ratio of various potential risk factors. The lung function of subjects was checked using a spirometry Easyone, calculating the indexes Forced expiratory volume 1sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio. Results: Of the respondents, 606 were males (50.5%) and 595 were females (49.5%). Asthma was more frequent in female than in male. The prevalence of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma was higher in overweight and obese than in normal weight. The BMI was higher in group with wheezing than in group without wheezing (p<0.01). 54% of subjects with bronchial asthma were smokers. The mean value for FEV1 was 2.86±0.85 L and FVC was 3.60±0.94 L in overall and the lung function was lower in smokers than in non-smokers with bronchial asthma. 28.4% of subjects with allergic rhinitis has current asthma, while 11.6% of subjects without allergic rhinitis has asthma (p<0.01). Conclusion: Female sex, advancing age, history of allergic rhinitis, tobacco smoking and body mass index were associated with significantly higher odds of having asthma.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been considered as the gold standard treatment for obstructive voiding dysfunction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. This standard treatment has been challenged by consistent data demonstrating the superiority of Holmium enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We review summarizes the literature comparing HoLEP to traditional therapies TURP, open prostatectomy (OP) for BPH these are widely used and have long term efficacy data. Patients undergoing HoLEP have significant shortened catheterization times, decreased length of hospital stay, fewer serious postoperative complications, greater reduction in post-operative IPSS, greater improvements in post-operative Qmax and lower rates of repeat endoscopic procedures for recurrent symptoms compared with TURP and OP. Furthermore, HoLEP can be used to resect more than 100 grams tissue and it is equivalent efficacy to open prostatectomy. Conclusion: HoLEP as the new gold standard treatment for surgical BPH therapy further. HoLEP remains its difficult learning curve when compared with traditional transurethral resection.

BACKGROUND. In our country, the allergic rhinitis spreads through 23,5% of adults and asthma spreads through 20.9% of children. The allergic rhinitis causes rhinosinusitis, rhino polypus, inflammation of respiratory tract, middle ear infection, breath with mouth, insomnia or sleepless and losing of life quality. Therefore it affects badly on children’s focusing and grades. Aim: To detect the specific immunoglobulin E for 3-12 years old children with allergic rhinitis. Goals: 1. To detect the specific immunoglobulin E for 3-12 years old children with allergic rhinitis , to take a skin test from 7-12 years old children 2. to detect the specific immunoglobulin E for 20 children of control group METHODS. We did an otolaryngologic examination and took an anamnesis of “Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma” that from the international organization. We detected the specific immunoglobulin E with aeroallergens and 40 types of food allergens for 3-6 years old 20 children with allergic rhinitis and 20 healthy control group children in their peripheral blood by using Agnito BIO Lc, the allergic panel from Taiwan. Did skin test with positive and negative control for 7-12 years old 20 children by 40 types of diagnosing devices that from Allergopharma /from German/, Lofarma /from Italy/ firms. We produced the study results and did statistic information on SPSS 23 program. RESULTS. We did the allergic test in peripheral blood of 3-6 years old children following the standard of allergen-specific IgE and produced the results. 3 of them /19 children/were sensitive for epidermis of dog, cat and horse /15.7%/. All of them were sensitive for ground plants /100%/, 12 of them/63,1%/ were very sensitive/32+/ for mugwort, and 16 /84,2%/of them were sensitive for herbs, 14 /73,6%/ of them were sensitive for other allergens such as resin, candida. And 6 /31,5%/ of them were sensitive for mites. 8 of them were sensitive for food allergens additionally /42,1%/.12 of 17 children who had a skin test were sensitive for mugwort /70,5%/, 9 of them were sensitive for trees/aspen, hus, pinaster/ /52,9%/. There was any sensitiveness for house dust and container dust mite for 7-12 years old 17 children. It shows that there might be immunity for this age. CONCLUSION. The boys with allergic rhinitis were more than girls about 61,1%. It shows that the allergic rhinitis occurs in boys more than girls.3-6 children were sensitive /97,2%/ for ground plantsand sIgE level 7.26±5.18. 7-12 years old 20children were sensitive for herbs and mugwort more /94,1%/.

BACKGROUND: Mugwort is the important source of fall allergic symptoms in the Mongolia. Mugwort pollen allergicpatients frequently present allergic symptoms of ingestion after several kinds of foods.OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the clinical manifestations of airag (fermented mare’s milk) and mare’s milkhypersensitivity in patients with mugwort allergy, identify the molecular weight of allergens, andevaluate their IgE cross-reactivity.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected to mugwort pollens from around UB in august and practiced fresh airag and mare’s milk.Airag, mare’s milk and mugwort extracts prepared by Hames Richmond method and their allergenswere identified by means of SDS-PAGE. ELISA inhibition experiments were done to study crossreactivitybetween airag and mugwort.RESULTS: In SDS-PAGE determined mugwort allergen 12-43 kDa, mare’s milk allergen 13-70 kDa, airag allergen12-68 kDamolecular weight.The study of the cross-reactivity between mugwort allergens and some food allergens was becamepractical significance on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory allergies. We were definedallergenic cross-reactivity between airag allergens and mugwort allergens which are common causesof upper respiratory allergy. On the Mugwort-ELISA inhibition test, the 50 % inhibitory dose to MugwortspecificIgE was 0.01μg/ml Mugwort allergens and 0.025μg/ml Airag allergens.However, the 1.0 μg/mlof Mugwort and Airag allergens were completely inhibited to Mugwort-specific IgE and Airag-specificIgE antibodies.CONCLUSION: In determined the mugwort pollen has 5 band(12, 23, 28, 38, 43kDa), in mare’s milk (13, 15, 60, 70кДа) and airag(12, 30, 50, 68 кДа) has separately 4 bands allergen protein by SDS-PAGE. ELISAinhibition study was strong cross-reactivity between airag allergen and mugwort allergen.

Introduction: Transurethral resection ofthe prostate (TURP) has been considered asthe gold standard treatment for obstructivevoiding dysfunction in men with benignprostatic hyperplasia. This standard treatmenthas been challenged by consistent datademonstrating the superiority of Holmiumenucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Wereview summarizes the literature comparingHoLEP to traditional therapies TURP, openprostatectomy (OP) for BPH these are widelyused and have long term efficacy data.Patients undergoing HoLEP have significantshortened catheterization times, decreasedlength of hospital stay, fewer serious postoperativecomplications, greater reduction inpost-operative IPSS, greater improvementsin post-operative Qmax and lower rates ofrepeat endoscopic procedures for recurrentsymptoms compared with TURP and OP.Furthermore, HoLEP can be used to resectmore than 100 grams tissue and it isequivalent efficacy to open prostatectomy.Conclusion: HoLEP as the new goldstandard treatment for surgical BPH therapyfurther. HoLEP remains its difficult learningcurve when compared with traditionaltransurethral resection.

Background. Most people infected with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) have no signs or symptoms, but newborns andpeople with weakened immune systems are more at risk of developing signs and symptoms. CMV remains in thebody throughout a lifetime. Infected people may spread infection.Goal. The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) by enzymeimmunosorbent assay.Materials and Methods. In this study included subjects, age range of 17-60 years (total of 716) blood donorswho were served by the National center for transfusion medicine. Screening for Cytomegalovirus CMV IgG andIgM specific antibody concentrations determined using DIALAB ELIZA kits.Results. CMV-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 99.2% (710) of the studied subjects and, specific IgMantibodies in 0.1% (1). IgG antibodies positive individuals are compared to 4 blood groups and (p = 0.01) differencewas not statistically significant. IgG antibodies negative 6 individuals are included all in blood type B(III). IgMspecific antibodies positive (1) individual was in the age group 26-40 years, female and type of regular donor.Conclusion. We can conclude from our results of the determination of CMV IgG and IgM specific antibodiesshows that a number of risks of transfusion transmitted infection cytomegalovirus.

Grass pollens are one of the most important airborne allergen sources worldwide. The Poaceaefamily comprises about 9000 species, 20 species from five subfamilies are considered to be the mostfrequent causes of grass pollen allergy, and the allergenic relationships among them closely follow theirphylogenetic relationships. The allergic immune response to pollen of several grass species has beenstudied extensively over more than three decades. Eleven groups of allergens have been identified anddescribed, in most cases from more than one species. The most complete set of allergens has so farbeen isolated and cloned from Phleum pratense (timothy grass) pollen. Based on the prevalence of IgEantibody recognition among grass pollen-sensitized individuals, several allergens qualify as major, butmembers of two groups, groups 1 and 5, have been shown to dominate the immune response to grasspollen extract. Isoform variation has been detected in members of several of the allergen groups, whichin some cases can be linked to observed genetic differences. N-linked glycosylation occurs in membersof at least three groups. Carbohydrate- reactive IgE antibodies have been attributed to grass pollensensitization and found to cross-react with glycan structures from other allergen sources, particularlyvegetable foods. Another cause of extensive cross-reactivity are the group 12 allergens (profilins), whichbelong to a family of proteins highly conserved throughout the plant kingdom and present in all tissues.Members of eight allergen groups have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins capableof specific IgE binding. This development now allows diagnostic dissection of the immune response tograss pollen with potential benefits for specific immunotherapy.

Introduction: Prevalence of asthma is increasing year by year, especially among children and exposure to high levels of indoor allergens is a very important factor [1]. Cockroaches are an important cause of asthma in many other regions of the world, including Taiwan, Thailand and Singapore in the Pacific Rim, Costa Rica and Puerto Rico in Centrel America, India, South Africa and more recently, Europe [2]. Goal: The aim of this study was determined total protein amounts allergenic proteins and protein bands of сockroach.Material and Methods: The сockroachs were collected in Ulaanbaatar. The allergenic protein components of the сockroach was purified by the method of Hames Richmond. The total protein of extracts was measured by the Bradford method and the protein components of cockroach were determined by the SDS-PAGE.Results: Among the 4000 known species of cockroaches, only 5 commonly inhabit homes and have the potential to contribute to indoor allergens. These include the American (periplaneta americana), German (Blattella germanica), Oriental (Blatta orientals), Smokey brown (Periplaneta fuliginosa), and brownbanded (Supella longipalpis) varieties [3]. We were defined 2,25mg/ml protein amounts (w/v) in extracts of the purified and lyophilized protein of the сockroach. We were used a standard marker 195,7; 104,0; 59,8; 41,6; 27,8; 21,1; 15,2; 6,5kd molecular weight proteins on the 13% separation gel of SDS-PAGE. On column determined protein bands with 82,3; 59,9; 55,2; 44,0; 41,6; 34,4, 22,7, 17,1 kd molecular weights.Conclusions: The сockroach was included 8 allergenic protein components between ranges of 17,1-82,3 kd molecular weights were determined in the extracts of the body Blatella germanica.

Background: The prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing in the last years in the Asia Pacific countries and for this reason, the number of research in aeroallergen and aeropollinology increasing. It depends on changes of geography, weather and plants, pollination period of time and air pollution.Goal: The aim of this study was determined allergenic characterization of proteins detected from Bromus inermis pollen.Mаterials and Methods: To define morphologic characteristics of Bromus inermis grass pollen and allergenic protein amounts’ of pollen and protein components.- The pollen morphologic characteristics of the Bromus inermis were defined and measured by optic microscopy (Aristoplan, Leitz, Germany).- The allergenic protein components of the Bromus inermis pollen were purified by the method of Hames, Richmond- Protein contents were measured by the Bradford method- The protein components of Bromus inermis pollen were determined by the SDS-PAGEResults and discussion:The diameter of the B.inermis dry pollen were mean length 41, 5±2, 3 μm and mean wide 32, 3±4, 1 μm. B.inermis dry pollen has oval and sphere shape and concaved on 3 sides with diameter 32.3-41.5 μm and was similar results one of subfamily of the Gramineae, Poaceae pollen size were defined 22-80 μm in diameter and with oval and sphere shapes. We were defined 1.5±0.02 mg protein amounts in the 5mg/ml extracts of the purified of the Bromus inermis pollen. Researcher [3] determined 1, 45 mg/ml protein on Elymus chinensis, 1, 96 mg/ml protein on Artimesia sieversiana, 3, 29 mg/ ml protein on Chenopodium album allergens. These study results are similar with our study result on Bradford method. We were defined 7 bands with 12, 26, 32, 55, 66, 84, 97 kDa molecular weight protein components. SDS-PAGE were deteсted relatively bright bands of 12, 32, 55, 66 kDa molecular weight protein components of Bromus inermis pollen proteins. Researcher Kaiser M et al were defined 16, 30, 40, 47, 50, 57, 60, 67, 70, 90, 95 and 110 kDa molecular weight bands in Lolium perenne pollen allergens. These study results are similar with our study result on SDS-PAGE. Conclusions:- The pollen of Bromus inermis was oval and sphere shapes with 32.3-41.5 μm in diameter.- We were defined 1.5±0.02 mg protein amounts in the 1mg/ml of the Bromus inermis pollen.- The 7 bands with 12, 26, 32, 55, 66, 84, 97 kDa molecular weight protein components of Bromus inermis pollen. SDS-PAGE were deteсted relatively bright bands of 12, 32, 55, 66 kDa molecular weight protein components.

Introduction: According to World Health Organization, air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and is estimated to cause approximately 1.6 million premature deaths worldwide per year. The air pollution of Ulaanbaatar city is rising year after year.Goal: The aim of this study was to define the lung function of adults in Ulaanbaatar.Materials and Methods: 1196 adults were randomly chosen aged over 20 years of Ulaanbaatar city. Of them 238 subjects were excluded because they had at least one of the following: a history of lung diseases including asthma, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung fibrosis; symptoms of chronic cough, wheeze, or dyspnea; history of thoracic surgery; history of major acute illness in the past 3 months; or a history of respiratory tract infection in the past 4 weeks. Besides demographic data, information on smoking habits was collected. The lung ventilation function of subjects was checked using a spirometry EasyOne, calculating the indexes Forced expiratory volume 1sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio. Lung function measurements followed a standardized protocol and fulfilled the ATS criteria.Results: Of the respondents, 486 were males (50.7%) and 472 were females (49.3%). There was a negative correlation between each lung function and age (p<0.05). The lung function was significantly lower in female than in male, for FEV1, FVC (male - FEV1 3.66±0.659 L, FVC 4.467±0.716 L, female-FEV1 2.663+0.559 L, FVC 3.237+0.586 L). In overall, FVC, FEV1 was decreased by 34.5, 37.2 percent, respectively compared with European LLN value.Conclusion: The mean value for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio was 3.17±0.78 L, 3.86+0.89 L and 82.02±6.75 % in overall, respectively.