BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a cancer of significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. It is the second most common urological cancer in Mongolia. It is important to understand the risk factors of bladder cancer.We evaluated the association of smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index and other potential risk factors with bladder cancer incidence in Mongolians.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from a case-control study (116 histologically confirmed bladder cancer cases and 300 cancer-free healthy, age, gender-matched controls). All participants signed the consent form andfilled out the structured questionnaire including cigarette smoking, BMI, chronic urinary disease andalcohol drinking etc. Using logistic regression we estimated the covariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and95% confidence interval (CI) of the associations.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients with bladder cancer was 56±10.5 years and 79.3% male and 20.7% female.Cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass index were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer OR 6, 48 (95% CI 1, 61-1, 70), OR 80 (95% CI 1, 48-1, 93) and OR=9.8 (95% CI 2.32-2.91) respectively but not alcohol drinking OR 0, 26 (95% CI 1, 56-1, 66).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass indexincreased risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian patients.

Introduction : Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an advanced technology used to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Goal: This study aims to describe the first successful implementation of IVUS in patients with stable CAD in Mongolia. Materials and Methods : Patients with CAD who underwent either CAG or IVUS-guided PCI were prospectively selected. All patients provided informed consent, which was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health of Mongolia (March 17, 2023, №23/014). For patients who underwent CAG-guided PCI, stent deployment was performed under conventional CAG guidance, while stent implantation was performed under IVUS guidance in patients who underwent IVUS-guided PCI. Stent restenosis at 1-year follow-up was selected as the primary endpoint. The differences between the CAG-guided PCI and IVUS-guided PCI groups were compared using independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests. The association between treatment strategy (CAG-guided PCI vs. IVUS-guided PCI) and all cause restenosis (the study endpoint) was analyzed. Results: A total of 51 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary angiography CAG guided PCI and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI were included in the present study. The mean age was 63±9.44 years, with 88.2% male (n=45). In the IVUS-guided PCI group, the minimal lumen area (mm²) was 4.46±1.1, and after stenting, the minimal stent area was 8.59±0.5, showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The stent restenosis rate at 1-year follow-up in the CAG-guided PCI group and the IVUS-guided PCI group were 16% and 3.84%, respectively. The restenosis rate in the IVUS-guided PCI group was lower than in the CAG-guided PCI group. Conclusion Complete expansion of the stent on the coronary artery wall is effective in improving long term outcomes of PCI, and IVUS guided coronary artery intervention has better long-term results compared to angiography-guided PCI group (96.1% vs 84%).