Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound multiplex mode in the evaluation ot liver damage caused by brain death.Methods Brain death model were established in 12 Ba-Ma pigs by gradual intracranial compression method.Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI),contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and real-time elastography (RTE) were performed respectively before the model had been established which defined as control group,and at 0 h,3 h,6 h,9 h after brain death,the data were analyzed.According to the pathological changes of liver,the livers were divided into different groups for ROC curve analysis,and the effectiveness of single mode ultrasound and multiplex were compared.Results ①Compared with control group,velocity of portal vein (PVV) decreased,and resistance index(RI),hepatic artery systolic velocity/diastolic velocity (S/D),pulsatility index (PI) increased in experimental group (all P ＜ 0.05);arrival time of the hepatic artery(ATHA),arrival time of the portal vein(ATPV) and arrival time of the inferior vena cava(ATIVC) increased with the extension of brain death time (all P ＜0.05);mean value (MEAN),standard deviation(SD) of the relative strain value within the ROI,area of low strain within the ROI (％ AREA),complexity of low strain area within the ROI (COMP),skewness (SKEW),correlation(CORR) were significant different between experimental group and control group (all P ＜0.05).②RI,ATHA and MEAN demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC =0.518,0.833,0.917) among CDFI,CEUS and RTE indexes.③Combined with ATHA and MEAN had the highest effectiveness in ultrasound multiplex mode to evaluate liver injury caused by brain death.Conclusions Ultrasound multiplex mode combining CEUS and RTE in evaluation of liver injury caused by brain death has higher sensitivity and accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of acoustic radiation force impulse ( ARFI) technique in the assessment of non-surgical complications after liver transplantation . Methods Three hundred and seventy-two patients with abnormal liver function after liver transplantation undergone ARFI exam before liver biopsy ( excluding surgical complications) . The shear wave velocity ( SWV ) between different groups divided according pathological results after biopsy was compared ,and SWV of 23 patients with normal liver function after liver transplantation was compared too . Moreover , 26 normal people were random selected as control group . Results ① Among the 372 patients ,there were 100 cases of rejection ,82 cases of biliary complications ,52 cases of hepatitis virus infection ,49 cases of drug induced liver injury ,56 cases of non-specific manifestation ,9 cases of steatosis ,3 cases of hypoxic-ischemic ,2 cases of inappropriate preserve injury and 19 cases of diagnosis were not clear . ② SWV of control group was ( 1 .49 ± 0 .66) m/s ,of normal liver function group was ( 1 .64 ± 0 .68) m/s ,of abnormal liver function group was ( 2 .08 ± 0 .66) m /s . Abnormal liver function group had higher SWV than normal liver function group and control group ( P < 0 .01) . There was no significant difference between normal liver function group and control group ( P > 0 .05) . ③ In the specific pathology manifestation patients ,hepatitis virus infection group had the highest SWV[ ( 2 .29 ± 0 .72) m /s] ,drug induced liver injury group had the lowest SWV [ ( 1 .94 ± 0 .57) m /s] ,and there were significant differences between two groups ( P < 0 .01) . ④ The ROC results showed that the area under curve of ARFI was 0 .688 for patients with abnormal liver function after liver transplantation , and 0 .655 for differential diagnosis between drug induced liver injury and hepatitis virus infection .Conclusions As a noninvasive technique ,ARFI is correlated with histopathology and has clinical value in the differential diagnosis of non-surgical complications after transplantation .

Objective: To understand the prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in the in depth monitoring counties of China s Rural Compulsory Education Nutrition Improvement Program, so as to provide a basis for prevention and psychological intervention of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in rural areas. Methods: In November 2022, a stratified random sampling method was adopted to collect height and weight data, basic personal and family information of 7 949 primary and secondary school students from grade three to grade nine through physical measurements and questionnaires in 56 key monitoring schools implementing the Student Nutrition Improvement Program in 7 in depth monitoring counties (Jalaid Banner in Inner Mongolia, Jinzhai County in Anhui, Mao Xian in Sichuan, Tiandeng County in Guangxi, Mian County in Shaanxi, Zhaozhou County in Heilongjiang and Youxi County in Fujian), and to obtain the information related to their depressive symptoms through the self assessment questionnaire on depression. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students, as well as their related factors. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in the in depth monitored counties was 23.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of detecting depressive symptoms was higher among female students, middle school students, students whose video screen duration per day was >2 h, and students whose parents marital status was divorced or widowed ( OR =1.40, 1.64, 1.60, 1.24), and students whose sleep duration reached the recommended standard, whose parents usually accompanied them daily for time was 60-<120 min and ≥120 min, and students whose mothers literacy level was middle school graduation had lower probability of detecting depressive symptoms ( OR =0.85, 0.84, 0.71, 0.76) ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among students in the in depth monitoring area is high, and targeted interventions need to be developed for students to reduce the risk of mental health problems.

Objective: To analyze the features of unhealthy lifestyle patterns among primary and secondary school students in the nutrition improvement program for rural compulsory education students (NIPRCES) areas in China in 2021 and 2023, so as to provide data support for lifestyle promotion and healthy development among primary and secondary school students. Methods: Adopting a cluster random sampling method, data on primary and secondary students aged 7-15 years from nutrition and health surveillance of China NIPRCES in 2021 and 2023 were collected. The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among primary and secondary students such as physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, excessive screen time, and sleep deprivation by gender, school section, urban/rural, and region were analyzed. The reporting rates of the above indicators among primary and secondary students were compared by Chi-square test. Results: In 2021 and 2023, the rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity among primary and secondary school students were 79.2% and 80.4%, the rates of outdoor inactivity were 42.8% and 49.3%, the rates of excessive video time were 2.6% and 2.9%, the rates of sleep deprivation were 32.9% and 22.6%, and the differences were statistically significant( χ 2=51.86,1 071.48,18.36,3 296.99, P <0.05). In 2023, the rate of outdoor inactivity for primary and secondary students increased by 6.5 percentage points compared with 2021, and the rate of sleep deprivation decreased by 10.3 percentage points compared with that in 2021. In 2021 and 2023, the reporting rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, and sleep deprivation among girls and junior high school students were higher than those among boys ( χ 2=174.41,180.11; 175.75, 85.46 ;92.22,151.35) and elementary school students ( χ 2=136.64,5.75; 40.55,4.71;162.80,3 291.61); the reporting rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity( χ 2=194.43,118.60) and sleep deprivation ( χ 2=969.66,983.72) among urban students were higher than those among rural students; the reporting rates of excessive video time for boys and junior high school students were higher than those for girls ( χ 2=103.62,84.85) and elementary school students ( χ 2=810.09,626.51)( P <0.05). From a regional distribution perspective, the reporting rates of moderato to vigorous physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, and excessive video time among primary and seconday school students in the central and western regions were lower than those in the eastern region ( χ 2= 663.44,302.78; 356.97,82.10;50.89,81.83) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyles remain prevalent among primary and secondary students in NIPRCES areas of China. These findings underscore the need to strengthen policy implementation for promoting healthy lifestyles among primary and secondary school students.