The main objective is to createawareness and to assess the socio-demographic factors and BMI among pre-clinical students of UniKL RCMP towards overweight and obesity and to determine the correlation between the knowledge, attitude, and practice. A cross-sectional research was conducted among studentsusing questionnaire. All the questions in the questionnaire were then computed as the variables of thestudy. Respondents of year 2 score moderately in which male tends to score higher (n=30) than female (n=27) towards awareness of overweight and obesity. Besides, generally respondents with high household income (>RM9000) scored more awareness towards overweight and obesity. Furthermore, when taking hometown setting as a factor, respondent who lives in urban site tend to score higher (n=28) than the other two regions. In year 1 students,the data showed that female had a better knowledge, attitude and practice than male based on gender. Medium income (RM4000-9000) respondent have a better awareness than high and low income. Lastly, respondent who lives in urban site have a better awareness towards overweight and obesity compared to two other regions. In conclusion to the study conducted, it is found that femaleshave more awarenesswhen compared with malestowards overweight and obesity.The suburban people have higher score in practiceto overcome overweight and obesity but lower understanding than other regions. Thus,there is no significant correlation between gender, household income and region on awareness towards overweight and obesity. However,there were noticeable differences among the three individual variables.

Aims: This study aims to determine the antibacterial potential and identify the bioactive compounds of Hypoxylon monticulosum isolated from marine macroalgae Ulva lactuca. Methodology and results : Ulva lactuca was collected from the Desaru coast, Johor, Malaysia and three endophytes were isolated following surface sterilisation. One fungal isolate was further characterised by the morphology of white, yellowish colonies and fibrous with a waxy structure indicative of a member from the genus Hypoxylon. Molecular identification through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis matches the reference sequence with more than ≥98% homology to Hypoxylon monticulosum AS26-D8. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the fungal ethyl acetate (EA) extract was determined against five human pathogenic bacteria. Wide spectrum antibacterial activity was noted; with MIC against Escherichia coli was 1.25 ± 0 mg/mL, Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter faecalis both at 5.00 ± 0 mg/mL, and finally, both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 10.00 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed using solvents of increasing polarities, producing three fractions and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identified 128 compounds. From these, nine compounds were identified as having biological activities. Dihydrocordoin, D-pantothenoyl-L-cysteine, caffeine and Tumonoic A acid were among the compounds identified as having antibacterial properties. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Hypoxylon monticulosum from marine source has antibacterial potential owing to the compounds previously reported to display antibacterial and other biological properties. The compounds differ from those previously reported in H. monticulosum from terrestrial sources.

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia has been proven as a main pathogenic trigger for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis characterised by chronic inflammatory process and increased expression of inflammatory markers. In this study; Trihoney (a combination of three types of natural honey namely: Trigona, mellifera, and Dorsata) was investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods: Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits (NZW) were grouped into: normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6g/kg/day of Trihoney (C+H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD+H), and 1% cholesterol diet with 2mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD+At.). After 12 weeks of starting the experiment, animals were sacrificed and serum analysed for homocysteine and pro-atherogenic inflammatory markers such as: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Fasting serum glucose was analysed to assess glycaemic status. Results: Trihoney treated group showed significantly lower (p<0.05) serum IL-1β and IL-6 compared to the HCD group. Trihoney supplementation resulted in significant (p<0.001) reduction of serum TNF-α compared to HCD group. Experimental group HCD had serum homocysteine level comparable to that of the control groups without any significant difference despite little increase in the mean value. Trihoney treated group had serum homocysteine comparable to the controls. All experimental groups showed fasting serum glucose comparable to the control. Conclusion: This study showed that Trihoney has an anti-inflammatory function and may be used as an adjuvant to statins for management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases even in diabetic subjects.