Since the early part of the twentieth century, many authors have claimed that eosinophilia is found in the nasal secretions and blood of patients with allergic diseases. This observation has now become an established fact, and recent evidence based on extensive investigation, suggests that the eosinophil may play an active role in allergic disease. Thus, we report changes in nasal eosinophils in a group of nasal allergy patients treated by specific hyposensitization. The following results were obtained; 1. Eosinophilia was noted in 52.8 percent of untreated nasal allergy patients. 2. The eosinophilic count was gradually decreased with increasing S.D.V.(specific desensitizing vaccine) hyposensitization.
Eosinophils* ; Hay Fever/pathology* ; Human ; Leukocyte Count ; Mucus/cytology ; Nasal Mucosa/secretion*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and relationship with mucin MUC5AC, MUC5B secretion.

METHODSThe expression of HIF-1α, MUC5AC and MUC5B were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP: twenty-three or CRSsNP:twenty) and fifteen normal sinus mucosa without CRS. The relationship between HIF-1α and MUC5AC,MUC5B were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.

RESULTSPAS and IHC showed that HIF-1α, MUC5AC, MUC5B, total mucins were expressed in nuclear of epithelium and gland cells, which were higher than normal control (t values in epithelium cells were 8.650, 9.305, 9.382, 8.524, 7.533, 5.417, 5.507, 5.556, all P < 0.05; t values in gland cells were 8.285, 7.098, 6.798, 7.308, 8.574, 7.933, 6.798, 7.308, all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between CRSwNP and CRSsNP (t values in epithelium cells were 0.734, 0.415, 0.572, 0.248, all P > 0.05; t values in gland cells were 0.331, 0.662, 0.249, 0.644, P > 0.05).Western Blot revealed that HIF-1α protein in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were higher than in normal contral (t values were 3.522, 3.314, respectively, P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of HIF-1α, MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were 1.35 ± 0.84, 1.36 ± 0.94, 0.81 ± 0.54,0.78 ± 0.46, 1.13 ± 1.00, 1.22 ± 1.02. But the relative expression levels of HIF-1α, MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in control subjects were 0.43 ± 0.34, 0.42 ± 0.36, 0.48 ± 0.42. There were significant differences between the groups of CRSwNP and control subiects (t values were 4.087, 4.089, 2.519, 2.550, 2.738, 2.955, respectively, all P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1α and MUC5AC, 5B mRNA in CRSwNP (r values were 0.474,0.464, respectively, all P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1α and MUC5AC, 5B mRNA in CRSsNP (r values were 0.477,0.514, respectively, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHIF-1α, MUC5AC and MUC5B expression were upregulated in CRS with or without nasal polyps, indicating CRS is a disease of mucus hypersecretion and there is a close association between HIF-1α with hypersecretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in mucus.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucins ; secretion ; Mucus ; Nasal Polyps ; RNA, Messenger ; Sinusitis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the tumor-associated antigen CA125 expression in the serum and cervical and vaginal secretions in women during normal reproductive period, and explore the clinical value of detecting tumor markers in the cervical and vaginal secretions.

METHODSA total of 145 women in reproductive period were divided into 3 age groups (20-29 years, 30-39 years, and over 40 years), and their CA125 levels in cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum were detected by automatic electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay.

RESULTSCA125 levels in the cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum showed no significant difference between the 3 age groups (P>0.05). In each group, CA125 levels differed significantly between the cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum (P<0.001). In the 145 women, the average CA125 level was 497.82 - or + 75.29 U/ml in the cervical secretion, 114.66 - or + 26.40 U/ml in vaginal secretion and 18.06 - or + 3.35 U/ml in serum, showing significant differences between them (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONCA125 expression level is significantly higher in the cervical and vaginal secretions than in the serum in women in normal reproductive period, and its levels in cervical and vaginal secretions can be more sensitive and convenient for early detection of related diseases.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; CA-125 Antigen ; blood ; metabolism ; Cervix Mucus ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Vagina ; secretion ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVENaringenin has been reported to attenuate Mucin (MUC) 5AC secretion in many pathological models. Many stimuli activate MUC5AC expression through JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways. We hypothesized that naringenin may have inhibitory effects on mucous hypersecretion by modulating MUC5AC production and inhibiting JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways.

METHODThe cell model of mucous hypersecretion was made by human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells stimulated by RSV. A549 cells were subcultured and then randomly divided into 7 groups, which were designated as group C (cell control group), groups R1-3 (cells were infected with RSV at the multiplication of infection (MOI) of 0. 5, 1. 0, 5. 0), groups N1-2 (cells infected with viruses in presence of Nar 30 - 100 mol/L), groups N3-4 (uninfected cells treated with Nar 30 - 100 µmol/L), group D (DMSO), group S (cells infected with viruses in presence of SP600125). After incubating for 24 hrs, the expression of MUC5AC at mRNA and protein level in the groups were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression changes of JNK, p-JNK and AP-1 were measured by Western blotting.

RESULTThe expressions of MUC5AC protein and mRNA in all RSV infected groups were significantly higher than that in group C in a dose-dependent manner (all P <0. 05). Nar of 30 and 100 µmol/L significantly and dose-dependently decreased RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC protein in cell supernatant and expression of MUC5AC mRNA (P <0. 05). The relative content of p-JNK, AP-l in R2 groups were 3. 31 ± 0. 34 and 1. 94 ± 0. 05. Theyfrweremtgnificanty increased as compared with group C (both 1. 00 ± 0. 00) (all P <0. 05). The levels of p-JNK in N2 and S groups were 2. 10 ± 0. 20. 27 and 1.±97 ± 0. 16. The levels of AP-1 in N2 and S groups were 1. 40 ± 0. 03, 1. 36 ± 0. 05. Nar and SP600125 led to a largest decrease in levels of p-JNK and AP-1 when compared with group R2 (P <0. 05). The MUC5AC protein in group R2 was (48. 19 ± 0. 47) µg/L. The protein expression of MUC5AC in group R2 was significantly higher than that in group C [(36. 67 ± 1. 50) g/L] with a statistically significant difference (P <0. 05). The protein expression of MUC5AC in groups N2 and S were(43. 17 ± 1. 06) µg/L, (44.±02 ± 0. 99) µg/L, Nar and SP600125 remarkably inhibited RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC in supernatant of A549 cells (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSNaringenin might be able to block RSV-induced mucous

Adenocarcinoma ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelial Cells ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mucin 5AC ; secretion ; Mucus ; secretion ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of interleukin-13 (IL-13) on mucus secretion in vivo and the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe SD rats were randomly divided into control group, IL-13 group and IL-13 plus SP600125 group. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and the level of MUC5AC in the lung tissues were examined using Western blotting. RT-PCR was performed to examine the mRNA level of STAT4 and STAT6, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) was used to detect the DNA-binding activities of Forkhead box a2 (FOXA2) and activator protein-1 (AP-1).

RESULTSIL-13 caused a significant increase in MUC5AC and p-JNK1/2 expression, but did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The expression of MUC5AC was attenuated after treatment with SP600125. A significant increase in STAT6 was observed in IL-13 group compared with that in the control group, whereas the expression of STAT4 mRNA was not significantly affected. The DNA-binding activity of FOXA2 was down-regulated after IL-13 exposure, which did not affect the DNA-binding activity of AP-1.

CONCLUSIONIL-13 down-regulates mucus secretion via STAT6-FOXA2 pathway in vitro.

Animals ; Bronchi ; secretion ; Female ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-13 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mucin 5AC ; metabolism ; Mucus ; secretion ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Animals ; Aquaporin 5 ; physiology ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Mucins ; genetics ; Mucus ; secretion ; Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa ; secretion ; Signal Transduction

This study examined the expression of the anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) protein and Muc5ac protein in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice and the effect of dexamethasone, with an attempt to explore the role of AGR2 in the over-secretion of mucus in the airway. Eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into asthma group, control group and dexamethasone group. In dexamethasone group, dexamethasone was intraperitoneally administered. Expression of AGR2 protein and Muc5ac protein in the murine lung tissues was immunohistochemically detected. IL-13 level was determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by ELISA. The results exhibited that the expression of AGR2 protein in asthma group (0.522±0.041) was significantly higher than that in normal controls (0.361±0.047) (P<0.01) and bore a positive linear relationship to the expression of Muc5ac protein (r=0.873, P<0.05) and IL-13 level (r=0.828, P<0.05). Expression of AGR2 protein in the dexamethasone group (0.456±0.049) was significantly lower than that in the asthma group. It was concluded that: (1) the expression of AGR2 protein was significantly higher in asthmatic mice as compared with their normal counterparts; (2) the expression was obviously related to the expression of Muc5ac protein and IL-13; (3) dexamethasone could down-regulate the expression of AGR2 protein. Our findings suggested that AGR2 might be involved in the over-secretion of mucus in the airway in asthma.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Female ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mucin 5AC ; metabolism ; Mucoproteins ; metabolism ; Mucus ; secretion ; Treatment Outcome

To study the effects of glucocorticoid on the IL-13-induced Muc5ac expression in airways of mice, and investigate its role in mucus secretion of airways, 24 pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. IL-13 group received an nasal instillation of 100 microg of recombinant murine IL-13 solution on days 1, 3 and 5. In dexamethasone group, dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 24 h before and 1 h before the first instillation of IL-13 and on 4 consecutive days (day 0 to day 5, 6 consecutive days in total), while control group was not treated with IL-13 or dexamethasone. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and eosinophils were counted, and expression of Muc5ac mRNA and protein in lungs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and immunohistochemical assay respectively. Our results showed that the number of mice, with positve Muc5ac protein expression, expression of Muc5ac mRNA and eosinophils in BALF after IL-13 treatment were all significantly higher than that of control group (all P<0.01). Despite eosinophils reduced (P<0.01), the number of mice with positive Muc5ac protein expression, expression of Muc5ac mRNA afterdexamethasone treatment didn't decreas significantly as compared with that of IL-13 group. It is concluded that IL-13 can up-regulate the expression of Muc5ac mRNA and protein, which may play a pivotal role in the mucus overproduction of airways. Dexamethasone can suppress IL-13-induced eosinophilic infiltration in lung but can't inhibit the mucus overproduction.
Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-13 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mucin 5AC ; Mucins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mucus ; secretion ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Respiratory System ; metabolism

To study the effects of glucocorticoid on the IL-13-induced Muc5ac expression in airways of mice, and investigate its role in mucus secretion of airways, 24 pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. IL-13 group received an nasal instillation of 100 microg of recombinant murine IL-13 solution on days 1, 3 and 5. In dexamethasone group, dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 24 h before and 1 h before the first instillation of IL-13 and on 4 consecutive days (day 0 to day 5, 6 consecutive days in total), while control group was not treated with IL-13 or dexamethasone. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and eosinophils were counted, and expression of Muc5ac mRNA and protein in lungs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and immunohistochemical assay respectively. Our results showed that the number of mice, with positve Muc5ac protein expression, expression of Muc5ac mRNA and eosinophils in BALF after IL-13 treatment were all significantly higher than that of control group (all P<0.01). Despite eosinophils reduced (P<0.01), the number of mice with positive Muc5ac protein expression, expression of Muc5ac mRNA afterdexamethasone treatment didn't decreas significantly as compared with that of IL-13 group. It is concluded that IL-13 can up-regulate the expression of Muc5ac mRNA and protein, which may play a pivotal role in the mucus overproduction of airways. Dexamethasone can suppress IL-13-induced eosinophilic infiltration in lung but can't inhibit the mucus overproduction.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-13/*pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mucins/*biosynthesis ; Mucins/genetics ; Mucus/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Random Allocation ; Respiratory System/*metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of muscovite on the quality of gastric ulcer healing.

METHODGastric ulcers were produced in male rats by serosal application of acetic acid. Rats were gavaged for 14 days with saline, omeprazole and muscovite starting 3 days after ulcer induction. Then the tissue and blood samples were obtained and measured.

RESULTIn the muscovite group, restored mucosa thickness increased, cystically dilated glands decreased, microvessels in connective tissue increased, the secretion of mucus, hexosamine, PGE2, EGF, bFGF were enhanced, and the express of EGFR was stronger.

CONCLUSIONMuscovite can promote the gastric ulcer healing and improve the quality of gastric ulcer healing.

Aluminum Silicates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hexosamines ; metabolism ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Mucus ; secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Stomach Ulcer ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology