A dermatitis of unknown etiology has occurred among farmers working in paddy fields in the eastern area of Saitama Prefecture (Ozu et al., 1972). And it was proved to be caused by the invasion of a bird schistosome cercaria shed from Austropeplea ollula (Suzuki et al., 1973).
In an attempt to dertermine the final host of this schistosome, a survey on the wild birds was undertaken in the endemic area. But, no natural infection was found in 8 Corvus corone, 7 Sturnus cineraceous, 5 Egretta garzetta, 4 Nycticorax nycticorax, 8Anas platyrhynchos, 7 A. crecca and 170 A. poecilorhyncha.
Experimental infections with the cercariae were performed using domestic ducklings and canaries, and a bird schistosome egg could be found in feces of the domestic ducklings 20 days after the infection. The egg was crescent-shaped and the miracidium was clearly seen within.
Based on the results of the experimental infections, the most probable final host of this schistosome in Saitama Prefecture was supposed to be the anatid birds.

　　Procalcitonin (PCT) is a diagnostic marker of severe bacterial infection and sepsis. Sepsis can lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, DIC and death, thus making the early diagnosis of sepsis very important. Many markers (e.g., CRP, blood culture, endotoxin) of infection largely lack in clinically important property. Therefore, clinical PCT-level measurement has been accepted worldwide in the last five years. Our hospital reports PCT within 30 minutes after the collection of blood samples all day long. In this study, we assess the clinical utility of PCT for early diagnosis and treatment with specimens tested by both PCT and blood cultures. PCT assay and blood culture demonstrated the diagnostic concordance rate stood at 58.96%. We presume that the cause of its discrepancy is a lack of sensitivity of blood culture and an increase in PCT by the invasiveness of other factors. On the other hand, patients with PCT‹0.5 ng/mL are unlikely to suffer from severe bacterial infection and sepsis. Thus, PCT could be one of Vital Signs and useful for early diagnosis in the emergency care.

　　Serious aggravation of de novo hepatitis B caused by revitalization of the hepatitis B virus in HBs antigen negative, HBs antibody or HBc antibody positive patients has recently been reported. The incidence of de novo hepatitis B infection which occurs in patients undergoing immunosuppression or chemotherapy develops at times into a medical lawsuit. To cope with the situation, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) issued the guideline for the management of hepatitis B infective occurring in patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy (the revised edition). In our institution, the Chemotherapy Committee discussed our measures against de novo hepatitis B, and determined to carry out the in-hospital examination of the HBc antibody to provide reliable safe and speed medicine.　　During the investigation period, HBc antibody was examined for confirmation of anamnesis of Hepatitis B in patients receiving chemotherapy, immunosuppressive medicine, examination of infectious disease before blood transfusion and examination of viral hepatitis. In our institution, the number of cases which are adapted for the MHLW guideline (the revised edition) was 15 of 218 examples, and as a result HBs antigen negative, HBs antibody or HBc antibody positive patients, who could not be found in the routine screening for HB infection turned out to be not a few.　　Since it was expected that the number of patients undergoing immunosuppression and chemotherapy would continue to increase in the future, the necessity for observance of guideline was suggested to provide relief, safety in medical treatment.

　　Evaluation of the attitude of patients according to behavior modification stage when they were admitted to hospital for our diabetes educational program and various parameters after they discharged were reviewed.　　We examined the 106 people (53 males and 53 females, average age 66.0 years) who were admitted to our hospital for diabetes education during the period from October 2009 to February 2012. We examined HbA1c levels and measurements taken during the stay in hospital, and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after leaving hospital. Compared with the measured values in the hospital, HbA1c levels measured each month showed a significant improvement (p<0.05). By evaluation of the value according to behavior modification stage, we recognized a rebound tendency in precontemplation groups. The evaluation of patients’ attitude by occupation according to stage of behavior modification revealed a difference more than 2 stages by approximately 10%. From these result, it was speculated that the patient self-management skills made a significant impact on glycemic control after hospital discharge.　　Diabetes educational hospitalization is supported by team members who vary in specialty. It is expected that we can provide higher-quality medical care by each specialist and supporter with a good knowledge.　　Assessment difference of behavior modification stage may appears by each specialty staff member and by changes in physical condition and feeling of the patients. In addition, these causes may change further by difference in the way each specialist deals with the patients. Therefore, we considered it was important to share information and have the mutual confirmation of the evaluation. Now, team medical care is regarded as important. It was suggested that cooperation among the staff members would lead to better medical treatment, and to improvement in patients’ QOL.