Two triterpen glycoside belong to cucurbitacin group, momordicosid A (3-O-β- gentiobiosyl cucurbit-5-en- 3β, 22 (S), 23 (R), 24 (R), 25-pentaol) and momordicosid B (3-O- β- D- xylopyranosyl (1-4)- [β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-6)]- β- D- glucopyranosyl cucurbit-5-en-3 β, 22 (S), 23 (R), 24 (R), 25-pentaol) were isolated and identified from the defatted seeds of Momordica charantia L. attained at Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectra including IR, FAB-LR-MS, 1H-NMR, HMBC and 1H-NMR
Glycosides ; Seeds ; Momordica

The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid from leaves and fruits of tree Momordica charantia are higher than other medicinal plants. These components are very soluble in low acid medium and ethanol. In growth processing of tree Monordica charantia, the content of polyphenol and flavonoid increase in fruits and leaves, and after then it decrease little
Flavonoids ; polyphenols ; Momordica charantia

Study on the isolation, structure elucidation 2 saponins and antibacterial, antifungal activities and cytotoxicity of saponins from roots of Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng, 4-5 years of age and collected at Tay Ninh in June 2002. Results: 2 saponins of oleanolic acid group were isolated and elucidated from BuOH extract of the root of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng extraction were momordin Ib and momordin. Saponin's structure was determined by spectrum method and was compared with published data. The results showed that both of saponins have strong antibacterial to E.coli, B.subtillis, and S.aureus without cytotoxicity in the three experimental cell lines
Saponins ; Momordica ; Plant Roots

Objectives: The increasing use of the Internet as a source of health information makes the accuracy of such information crucial. An example is the use of the widely advertised bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in treating diabetes despite its unproven efficacy. This study aims to assess the accuracy of websites containing information on bitter melon’s role in diabetes, to search for the presence of the proposed quality indicators, and to determine their correlation with accuracy. Methodology: An Internet search was used to generate a list of websites. The accuracy of each website was determined by comparing its content with that of a tool that was developed from authoritative sources. The presence of the proposed quality indicators, taken from published guidelines, was then correlated with accuracy. Results: Of the 158 websites identified, 10 (6.33%) were characterized as “most accurate” and 21 (13.3%) as “somewhat accurate.” The identified indicators of accuracy were the HONcode logo (OR 12.1, p=0.011); the author, identified as a healthcare professional (OR = 6.11, p = 0.008); and a citation from a peer-reviewed medical literature (OR 2.92, p = 0.029). Conclusion These findings suggest that most of the Internet-based information on bitter melon’s role in diabetes is inaccurate. The public can use several indicators of accurate information on the use of bitter melon in diabetes to improve health care.
Internet ; Momordica charantia

Background: Amoebiasis is a global health problem affecting poor regions in the world. Few drugs such as metronidazole are available to treat this disease; unfortunately, it is associated with several serious side effects. Tsaang gubat and ampalaya have been used by traditional healers from different cultures to treat dysentery. Objective: The aim of this research was to provide evidence to validate the use of tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaf extracts for dysentery by determining their anti-amoebic activity. Methods: The tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaves were sourced from the University of the Philippines at Los Baños and processed into a lyophilized aqueous extract. Anti-amoebic activity was determined in an in vitro assay using Entamoeba histolytica HK-9 strain against 10 dose levels (18-10,000 μg/mL). The amoeba and leaf extracts were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The trophozoites were stained with Trypan blue and dispensed into chambers of a Neubauer hemocytometer. The live trophozoites (unstained) were counted under a binocular microscope. The MIC and IC50 were determined. Metronidazole and DMSO served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: Tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaves failed to show anti-amoebic activity and even had increased growth of amoeba at all dose levels. The IC50 of tsaang gubat and ampalaya leaf extracts were >500 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Metronidazole was able to eradicate the amoeba parasite at 24 and 72 hours, while exposure to DMSO did not result in inhibition nor death of the parasite. Conclusion Tsaang gubat and ampalaya aqueous leaf extracts did not exhibit any anti-amoeba activity.
Momordica charantia ; Antiparasitic Agents

Polyphenols and flavonoides from Momordica charantia are able to inhibite activities of enzymes catalase and peroxiadase strongly. Preparations are extracted from fruit whose are stronger and the strongest inhibition are flavonoid of fruit Momordica charantia. Polyphenols and flavonoide of Momordia charantia are different effects to peroxidase of Jour blood grounds of human serum. All most preparations are able to inhibit very strongly to peroxidase in serum of group AB from human blood, such as: Polyphenol of fruits AB > O > A >B, Polyphenol of leaves AB > A >B>O, Flavonoide of fruits AB > A >O>B, Flavonoide of leaves AB > A >O>B. Flavonoide of fruits and leaves make decrease Glucose of Cavy blood whithin six hour Cavy drank preparations. In which flavonoids of leaves decrease 15% and flavonoids from fruits do 30%. Preparation extracted from fruits and leaves of Mormordica charantia have anti bacterials. Especially flavonoids extracted from fruits have anti bacterial stronger, but they have a better fungistatic and all most have anti yeast.
Momordica ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; Plants, Medicinal

components and biological properties of seed and root of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) spreng in Vietnam showed that: the content of lipid in seed nucleus is very high 56%, seed membrane 23%, root 1.73%. Alkaloid exists in seed nucleus, not exist in seed cover and root; tanin was much in seed nucleus and little in seed cover and root; glycoside was much in seed cover, root and little in seed nucleus; flavonoid was much in seed nucleus, little in seed cover and root; saponin was much in root and little in seed nucleus and seed cover. Saponin in Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) spreng can inhibit different kinds of virus and microorganisms. Extracted material and solvent rate decided antivirus and antimicroorganism activities of saponin
Plant Components ; Momordica ; Investigation into the organic

Objectives: The increasing use of the Internet as a source of health information makes the accuracy of such information crucial. An example is the use of the widely advertised bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in treating diabetes despite its unproven efficacy. This study aims to assess the accuracy of websites containing information on bitter melon’s role in diabetes, to search for the presence of the proposed quality indicators, and to determine their correlation with accuracy. Methodology: An Internet search was used to generate a list of websites. The accuracy of each website was determined by comparing its content with that of a tool that was developed from authoritative sources. The presence of the proposed quality indicators, taken from published guidelines, was then correlated with accuracy. Results: Of the 158 websites identified, 10 (6.33%) were characterized as “most accurate” and 21 (13.3%) as “somewhat accurate.” The identified indicators of accuracy were the HONcode logo (OR 12.1, p=0.011); the author, identified as a healthcare professional (OR = 6.11, p = 0.008); and a citation from a peer-reviewed medical literature (OR 2.92, p = 0.029). Conclusion These findings suggest that most of the Internet-based information on bitter melon’s role in diabetes is inaccurate. The public can use several indicators of accurate information on the use of bitter melon in diabetes to improve health care.
Internet ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Momordica Charantia

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. Diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications lead to debilitating effects to patients. To prevent these, the treatment goal is to lower the blood sugar levels and maintain at a normal range which is achieved through conventional treatments like insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. However, the high cost of these medications implicates patient treatment outcomes. Hence, alternatives are sought for including the use of herbal medicines. Momordica charantia (MC) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (LS) are common herbal medicines used to manage T2DM. In the Philippines, these herbal preparations are validated for their glucose lowering effects and are commonly found in combination in food supplements. The study aims to screen the possible mechanisms of compounds present in these herbal medicines which can offer possible explanations for their synergistic effects and rationalization of their combination in preparations. Methods: Network pharmacology was employed to determine pivotal proteins that are targeted by MC and LS compounds. Molecular docking was then done to evaluate the favorability of the binding of these compounds toward their target proteins. Results: Our results showed that TNF, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, ALDH2, GCK, AKR1B1, TTR and RBP4 are the possible pivotal targets of MC and LS compounds in T2DM. Conclusion Terpenoids from MC and decanoic acid from LS are the compounds which showed favorable binding towards pivotal protein targets in T2DM. By binding towards the different key proteins in T2DM, they may exhibit their synergistic effects. However, the results of this study are bound to the limitations of computational methods and experimental validation are needed to verify our findings.
Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Momordica charantia

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine methods of dental caries prevention by investigating the use of compounds of Diospyros kaki (D. kaki) peel, Momordica charantia (M. charantia), and Canavalia gladiata (C. gladiata) extracts to limit the cariogenic traits of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), such as their ability to proliferate and adhere to the tooth surface. METHODS: Broth microdilution and the agar spreading assay were used to determine the antimicrobial effect and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. mutans extracts. In order to identify the adhesive ability of S. mutans at varying concentrations, culture plates were first stained with 1 ml of 0.01% crystal violet for 15 minutes at room temperature, and then eluted with 1 ml of EtOH:Acetone (8:2) solution for 15 minutes in a 37℃ incubator. Eluted solutions were then evaluated by use of a spectrophotometer at 575 nm. RESULTS: Experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts on limiting the proliferation of S. mutans. The MIC was measured as an indication of whether the antibacterial activity of D. kaki peel, M. charantia, and C. gladiata extracts had a significant bacteriostatic effect on S. mutans. M. charantia extract was effective for growth inhibition on S. mutans at a minimum concentration of 0.25%. From the adhesion ability assay, M. charantia extract had an anti-adhesive effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that M. charantia extract demonstrates antibacterial activity and has an anti-adhesive effect on S. mutans. Due to these properties, M. charantia extract may be used to prevent dental caries.
Adhesives ; Agar ; Canavalia ; Dental Caries ; Diospyros ; Gentian Violet ; Incubators ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Momordica charantia ; Momordica ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus ; Thiram ; Tooth