During the one-year period from April 1992 through March 1993, we measured 25, 498 blood samples by the use of a sequential multichannel autoanalyzer, which our hospital installed in August 1991. Of the total, 4, 707 samples were thoroughly examined under the microscope. They included those from the patients for which physicians indicated laboratory testing, those samples whose white cell counts were less than 3, 000/μlor more than 10, 000/μl, the cases in which the amount of hemoglobin was less than 10.0g/dl, and the samples which defied blood typing. The result was that three cases of myelodysplastic syndrome were detected, although the autoanalyzer failed to find any abnormalities in these three cases.
Laboratory technicians in hospital are so busy that they hardly have time enough for thoroughgoing examination of hemogram. Nevertheless, the recent experience has brought home to us the importance of a microscopic scrutiny, into hemogram and its application to diagnosis.

With the diagnosis of metastatic tumor of the lung suspected, we had a chance to experience a histopathological case of carcinoma of the uterine cervix (adenoid squamous cell carcinoma), which was thought to coexist with carcinoid tumor. In this paper, we report the results of cytological as well as histological examinations of the case.
The patient was as 43-year-old woman. She visited our hospital, complaining about abnormally prolonged uterine bleeding (metrorrhagia). Cytodiagnosis was performed with a Papanicolaou smear. A microscopic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma occurring together with adenocarcinoma. A similar finding was obtained by cervical biopsy. Thus, the case was diagnosed as adenoid squamous cell carcinoma.
Then the patient underwent radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy, followed by chemotherapy. After leaving the hospital, she was put under doctor-monitored observation. About 4 years after the surgery, a chest x-ray examination found abnormal shadows. For inspection, bronchoscopy was performed. Carcinoid of the lung was diagnosed through histopathological as well as electron microscopic examination of specimens taken from bronchial polyps during bronchoscopy. At the same time a cytologic study was conducted. It also revealed neoplasms strongly suspected of caricinoid tumors. Retrospective studies of cytological and histopathological images of the uterine cervix when the patient first visited us found only adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but no signs of carcinoid tumors. However, the immunohistological staining of NSE and chromoganins A, both neuroendocrine markers, showed positive findings in some adenocarcinomatous parts of the tissues of the unterine cervix. Therefore, we considered that the cervical cancer is compounded of adenoid squamous cell carcinomas and tumors having properties of neuroendocrine cells.
From this, we concluded that it is necessary to take into account a differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors including carcinoid of the uterine cervix when less differentiated adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are suspected in histological and cytological examinations. Furthermore, we thought it important to make a definite diagnosis after meticulous examinations by immunohistological staining and electron microscopy.