1.Comparison of Immediate Effects on Usage of Dual Polymer Artificial Tears on Changes in Tear Film Characteristics
Fatin Amalina Che Arif ; Mohd Radzi Hilmi ; Khairidzan Mohd Kamal ; Mohd Hafidz Ithnin
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.3):252-258
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of two comparable formulation of dual-polymer
artificial tears: Systane Hydration preservative (SH) and non-preservative (SHUD) in 60 minutes observation period
compared to normal saline. Methods: Fifty participants involved in this prospective, double-masked randomised
study. Viscosity and pH of artificial tears were evaluated using rheometer and digital pH-meter prior to tear film
assessment. Tear break-up time (TBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) were measured at baseline, 5, 15 and 60
minutes after instillation. Tear ferning pattern (TFP) were compared between baseline and 60 minutes after instillation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Independent T-test were used to evaluate the effects of SH and
SHUD after instillation and comparison between each specific time-interval respectively. P-value of 0.05 was set
as the level of significance. Results: The viscosity of SH and SHUD was 26.7cP and 32.73cP re-spectively with
pH of 7.85 (SH) and 7.74 (SHUD). Both artificial tears showed significant increment in TBUT between baseline
and 15 minutes (SH:5.82±1.063, p=0.01; SHUD:6.02±0.979, p<0.001), and 60 minutes (SH:6.22±0.616, p<0.001;
SHUD:6.34±0.658, p<0.001). SHUD demonstrated significant increment in TMH at every measurement taken
(0.1996±0.02449, p<0.001 at 5min, 0.2038±0.02276, p<0.001 at 15min and 0.2068±0.02094, p<0.001 at 60min).
Likewise, in SH group, significant increment in TMH at 15 minutes (0.1994±0.02325, p<0.001) and 60 minutes
(0.2012±0.02379, p<0.001) were noted. Both groups revealed improvement in TFP (both, p<0.001) at 60 minutes.
No significant im-provement was noted in control group. Conclusion: Improvement in TMH was prominently faster
in SHUD than SH, although both TBUT and TFP revealed comparable tears quality between both artificial tears.
2.Intraocular Pressure: the Effect of Short-term Fasting and Its Association With Fluid and Fat Status
Nur Raihan Esa ; Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri ; Norsham Ahmad ; Mohd Radzi Hilmi ; Md Muziman Syah Md Mustafa ; Nura Syahiera Ibrahim ; Fatin Amalina Che Arif ; Firdaus Yusof @Alias
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(No.2):180-186
Introduction: Short-term fasting may influence intraocular pressure (IOP) due to alteration of fluid (total body water; TBW, and water intake) and fat (total body fat; TBF). This study aimed: i) to compare IOP values within and between, fasting and non-fasting periods; and ii) to assess the association between IOP and, TBW and TBF. Methods: Thirty healthy participants aged 21.8±1.1 years were assessed on two different periods (fasting vs. non-fasting). During each period, the IOP, TBW and TBF values were assessed for four times (morning, afternoon, evening, late-evening). The IOP was measured using AccuPen® tonopen, while TBW and TBF were assessed by using a Tanita body composition analyser. Results: During fasting, the IOP value in the afternoon (14.53±2.33 mmHg) was significantly higher than in the evening (12.43±2.73 mmHg, p=0.009) and late-evening (12.60±2.44 mmHg, p=0.003). No significant difference in IOP was observed during non-fasting period. The mean of IOP in the evening was significantly lower during fasting compared to non-fasting (12.43±2.73 mmHg vs 13.75±2.53 mmHg, p=0.044). The IOP and TBW were negatively correlated (r=-0.268; p=0.011) during non-fasting and showed no association during fasting period. There was no significant correlation between IOP and TBF during both fasting and non-fasting periods. Conclusion: IOP reduction during short-term fasting, together with the no association with TBF and TBW suggested that IOP is an independent factor that reduces during fasting in healthy population.