1.Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Malaysia.
Muhammad Radzi ABU HASSAN ; Ibtisam ISMAIL ; Mohd Azri MOHD SUAN ; Faizah AHMAD ; Wan Khamizar WAN KHAZIM ; Zabedah OTHMAN ; Rosaida MAT SAID ; Wei Leong TAN ; Siti RAHMAH ; Noor Syahireen MOHAMMED ; Shahrul Aiman SOELAR ; Nik Raihan NIK MUSTAPHA
Epidemiology and Health 2016;38(1):e2016007-
OBJECTIVES: This is the first study that estimates the incidence and mortality rate for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Malaysia by sex and ethnicity. METHODS: The 4,501 patients were selected from National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer data. Patient survival status was cross-checked with the National Registration Department. The age-standardised rate (ASR) was calculated as the proportion of CRC cases (incidence) and deaths (mortality) from 2008 to 2013, weighted by the age structure of the population, as determined by the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Health Organization world standard population distribution. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate for CRC was 21.32 cases per 100,000. Those of Chinese ethnicity had the highest CRC incidence (27.35), followed by the Malay (18.95), and Indian (17.55) ethnicities. The ASR incidence rate of CRC was 1.33 times higher among males than females (24.16 and 18.14 per 100,000, respectively). The 2011 (44.7%) CRC deaths were recorded. The overall ASR of mortality was 9.79 cases, with 11.85 among the Chinese, followed by 9.56 among the Malays and 7.08 among the Indians. The ASR of mortality was 1.42 times higher among males (11.46) than females (8.05). CONCLUSIONS: CRC incidence and mortality is higher in males than females. Individuals of Chinese ethnicity have the highest incidence of CRC, followed by the Malay and Indian ethnicities. The same trends were observed for the age-standardised mortality rate.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
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Colorectal Neoplasms*
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Demography
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Ethnic Groups
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Female
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Humans
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Incidence*
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Malaysia*
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Male
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Mortality*
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World Health Organization
2.Legal Aspects of Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering Experimentation: A Review on Malaysian Acts, Regulations and Guidelines
Muhammad Aa&rsquo ; zamuddin Ahmad Radzi ; Majdah Zawawi ; Munirah Sha&rsquo ; ban ; Nur Syamimi Mohd. Azharuddin ; Azran Azhim ; Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(No.3, September):272-284
Presently, there is no specific federal legislation governing articular cartilage tissue engineering (ACTE) experimentation practices in Malaysia. However, there are related regulations and guidelines provided by government agencies to oversee and guide such practices. The rules and regulations provided in the documents have the essential aim of safeguarding public health through ensuring that non-clinical studies reach a certain quality, efficient and safe for human use. There are themes identified when scrutinising relevant documents which includes, the need for authorised personnel and the establishment of facilities in conducting such experiments, the aspect of cell-scaffold construct development, the use of human materials, the aspect of biosafety, animal care and use during the experiments, and considerations on the impact on the environment. The individual laboratory or facility shall adopt and adapt these standards as deemed appropriate by the ACTE researchers to ensure that non-clinical studies are conducted in a proper and ethical manner.
3.Ethical Issues in Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review
Nur Syamimi Mohd. Azharuddin ; Muhammad Aa&rsquo ; zamuddin Ahmad Radzi ; Azran Azhim ; Munirah Sha&rsquo ; ban ; Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.1):275-289
This study examines, classifies and discusses the ethical issues of tissue engineering published in selected online
databases from the year 2015 to 2020. In overview, the published literature could be classified according to the type
of ethical issues discussed, the phase in development in which the ethical issues are prominently existing and into
the type of journal they are published. It proceeds with in-depth discussions on selected relevant issues that deemed
to be needing further attention and clarification. It will give the readers a broad mapping of ethical issues currently
existing and discussed in the context of tissue engineering and highlights the conventional responses on the issues.
4.Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among University Students and Association With Body Mass Index (BMI) and Diet Quality
Nur Nadhira Khairul Azhar ; Muhamad Ariff Ibrahim ; Mohd Radzi Tarmizi A Halim ; Aida Soraya Shamsuddin ; Nuraniza Azahari ; Mohd Ahsani A. Malek
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.3):82-90
Introduction: Numerous factors contributed to the susceptibility of university students to develop mental health
issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health problems among International Islamic
University Malaysia (IIUM) students and their relationships with diet quality and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A
cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 students. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was
used to assess students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI) was used
to assess diet quality. Spearman Rho was used to determine the relationships between variables. Results: Approximately 69.4% (n = 34), 71.4% (n = 35), and 48.9% (n = 34) of male students experienced moderate to extremely
severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In contrast, 85.4% (n = 47), 89.1% (n = 49), and
54.6% (n = 30) of female students had moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress,
respectively. No correlations were found between diet quality and BMI with students’ mental health problems. For
male students, there were negative significant associations reported between fat-rich foods (r = -0.447, p-value =
0.001) and sugar-rich foods (r = -0.332, p-value = 0.020) intake with depression; a positive significant relationship
between fruit intake and anxiety (r = 0.284, p-value = 0.048); a positive relationship between fruit intake and stress (r
= 0.300, p-value = 0.036); and a negative relationship between fat-rich foods and stress (r = -0.293, p-value = 0.041).
Female students only had a significant negative correlation between fish intake and anxiety (r = -0.376, p-value =
0.005). Conclusion: No associations were found between diet quality, BMI, and mental health problems. A more
profound comprehension of the connections between risk factors and mental health could lead to new intervention
strategies.
5.Intraocular Pressure: the Effect of Short-term Fasting and Its Association With Fluid and Fat Status
Nur Raihan Esa ; Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri ; Norsham Ahmad ; Mohd Radzi Hilmi ; Md Muziman Syah Md Mustafa ; Nura Syahiera Ibrahim ; Fatin Amalina Che Arif ; Firdaus Yusof @Alias
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(No.2):180-186
Introduction: Short-term fasting may influence intraocular pressure (IOP) due to alteration of fluid (total body water; TBW, and water intake) and fat (total body fat; TBF). This study aimed: i) to compare IOP values within and between, fasting and non-fasting periods; and ii) to assess the association between IOP and, TBW and TBF. Methods: Thirty healthy participants aged 21.8±1.1 years were assessed on two different periods (fasting vs. non-fasting). During each period, the IOP, TBW and TBF values were assessed for four times (morning, afternoon, evening, late-evening). The IOP was measured using AccuPen® tonopen, while TBW and TBF were assessed by using a Tanita body composition analyser. Results: During fasting, the IOP value in the afternoon (14.53±2.33 mmHg) was significantly higher than in the evening (12.43±2.73 mmHg, p=0.009) and late-evening (12.60±2.44 mmHg, p=0.003). No significant difference in IOP was observed during non-fasting period. The mean of IOP in the evening was significantly lower during fasting compared to non-fasting (12.43±2.73 mmHg vs 13.75±2.53 mmHg, p=0.044). The IOP and TBW were negatively correlated (r=-0.268; p=0.011) during non-fasting and showed no association during fasting period. There was no significant correlation between IOP and TBF during both fasting and non-fasting periods. Conclusion: IOP reduction during short-term fasting, together with the no association with TBF and TBW suggested that IOP is an independent factor that reduces during fasting in healthy population.
6.Evaluation of Anti-Hyperlipidaemic Activity of a Mixture of Zinger officinale, Allium sativum, Citrus Lemon, Honey, and Malus domestica Vinegar (ZACAH) Extracts in Rats Fed with High Cholesterol Diet
Kokila Vani Perumal ; Hasnah Bahari ; NorShafarina Shari ; Kasturi Kanniappan ; Khairul Kamilah Abdul Kadir ; Zunoliza Abdullah ; Mohd Radzi Ahmad ; Ibrahim Kalle Kwaifa ; Siti Hadizah Jumidil ; Azrina Zainal Abidin ; Sabariah Md Noor ; Yong Yoke Keong ; Santhra Segaran Balan
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.5):55-63
Introduction: The incidence and complications of hyperlipidemia associated co-morbidities and mortalities are
grossly increasing globally. Intervention with natural products preparation has been identified as an alternative for
the management of hyperlipidaemia and its related cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the anti-hyperlipidaemic activities of a mixture of Zinger officinale, Allium sativum, Citrus lemon, honey, and Malus domestica
vinegar (ZACAH) extracts in in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with high cholesterol diet. Methods: Thirty-six male
SD rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups, including normal chow diet-fed (NC), high cholesterol diet (HCD),
HCD+ Simvastatin (standard drug) while the remaining three groups were fed with HCD + ZACAH extracts at different doses (1, 3 and 5mg/kg body weight) for 18 weeks. Simvastatin at 10 mg/kg of bodyweight was used as control.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine phenolic compounds present in ZACAH
extracts, elastase inhibitory assay was determined using spectrometric with a substrate (N-Succ-(Ala)3-pnitroanilide
(SANA) while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was performed based by the method described by Blois, 1958.
Results: In vitro; ZACAH extracts had oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 2000 µmol TE/100 mL,
total phenolic content (TPC) of 7537 ± 54.5%, DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 27.34 ± 2.71%, elastase
inhibitory assay of 29.29 ± 1.65% and lipoxygenase inhibitory assay of 98.58 ± 1.42%. In vivo, ZACAH extracts
showed decreased bodyweight, adipose tissue, improved lipid profiles and hepatic biochemical enzymes. Conclusion: These results suggested that ZACAH extracts supplementation improved hyperlipidaemia in SD rats and might
be a promising adjuvant for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.