1.Comparison of Driving Difficulty Between Bilateral Cataract and Non-Cataract Elderly Drivers in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study (Perbandingan Kesukaran Memandu antara Pemandu Warga Emas dengan Bilateral Katarak dan Tanpa Katarak di Malaysia: Kajian Rintis)
MOHD HARIMI ABD RAHMAN ; NURUL HAFIZAH MOHD NORIZAN ; HALIZA ABDUL MUTALIB ; MD MUSTAFA MD-MUZIMAN-SYAH
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2021;19(No.1):143-149
An age-related ocular disease such as cataract that causes reduction of visual functions would affect the individual
driving performance. The aim of this study was to compare driving difficulties between Malaysian drivers with bilateral
cataracts and without cataract. This cross-sectional study involved measurement of visual functions [visual acuity (VA)
and contrast sensitivity (CS)] and driving difficulty of 61 subjects who are actively driving with valid driving license.
Subjects were divided into bilateral cataract group (n=30) and non-cataracts group as control group (n=31); which age
and gender matched. Results showed that the mean±SD for composite driving difficulty score in the bilateral cataract
group and in the control group were 72.08±15.95 and 87.50±12.60 respectively. It showed that both groups had lower
mean composite score which indicates difficulty in driving. Results also showed significant mean difference composite
driving difficulty score between cataract and control group (p<0.001). Drivers with bilateral cataracts were also found
to have significant difficulty when driving the rain (p=0.034), at night (p=0.013) and when driving on local or highway
(p=0.005) compared to drivers without cataract. Subsequent Spearman’s Rho showed significant moderate positive
correlation between driving difficulty and binocular CS (rs
=0.404, p=0.027). This study showed that drivers with
cataract would experience driving difficulties compared to the drivers without cataract.
2.VALIDATION AND CUT-OFF SCORES OF MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT FOR ELDERLY VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Norliza Mohamad Fadzil ; Qiu Ting Kee ; Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman ; Zainora Mohammed ; Normah Che Din ; Suzana Shahar
Journal of University of Malaya Medical Centre 2022;25(1):140-144
This study aimsto determine the reliability and validity and optimal cut-off scores of the Malay version of Montreal
Cognitive Assessment for visually impaired (MoCA-BM-blind) among older adults with cognitive decline. Participants
for this study were recruited from the population-based longitudinal study on neuroprotective model for healthy
longevity (LRGS TUA) among Malaysian older adults. A total of 220 participants, aged 60 years and above, from
Selangor were included in this study. Cognitive functions were assessed using MoCA-BM-blind and Malay version
of Mini-Mental State Examination for visually impaired (M-MMSE-blind). Habitual distance VA was measured
monocularly using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation
coefficient were used to determine reliability and validity of MoCA-BM-blind, respectively. Receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the optimal cut-off score for MoCA-BM-blind. Reliability
(Cronbach’s alpha: 0.76) and validity (Pearson correlation: r = 0.77) of MoCA-BM-blind were high. The optimal cutoff for MoCA-BM-blind in detecting cognitive decline was 9 with 86.8% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. With this
cut-off, 35.0% visually impaired participants were classified as having cognitive decline. MoCA-BM-blind is a valid
and reliable screening tool to assess cognitive function among visually impaired older adults.
Aging