1.Relationship between Demographic and Clinical Factors with Physical Functioning of Stroke Patients
Shazli Ezzat Ghazali ; Mohd Faizal Mohd Zulkifly ; Normah Che Din ; Asmawati Desa ; Aymond Azman Ali
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2016;14(2):23-30
Stroke is a causal factor that commonly caused physical impairments and activity limitations among patients to perform
daily activities until at certain level stroke patients will experience disability. The aim of this study is to examine the
relationship of each demographic and clinical factors that is believed to associate with physical functioning of patients
those who experienced stroke. This present study also try to compare physical functioning of patients with associated
factors and then examine the correlation between those factors with physical functioning. A total of 147 respondents that
pass for cognitive screening test involved in this study. Barthel Index (ADL) was administered to the respondents after 6
weeks of stroke attack in order to measure their physical functioning status. Results found that there was a significant
difference [F(3, 143) = 4.06; p < 0.01] between level of educations with physical functioning of patients. With respect
to clinical factors also showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) was higher in physical functioning when stroke attack
occurred at right hemisphere of brain. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in physical functioning with respect
to belief of recovery. Furthermore, number of stroke attack also showed a significant difference [F(1, 145) = 11.19; [p
< 0.01] in physical functioning of patients. Correlation test that was carried out found a positive significant correlation
(r = 0.24; p < 0.01) between physical functioning with respect to the affected lesion side. In conclusion, demographic
and clinical factors also played the roles to determine level of physical functioning among stroke patients and thus these
factors should be considered in any studies that intended to enhance physical functioning of patients in future.
Stroke
2.The Ability of Recovery Locus of Control Scale (RLOC) and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) to Predict the Physical Functioning of Stroke Patients
Mohd Faizal Mohd Zulkifly ; Shazli Ezzat Ghazali ; Normah Che Din ; Asmawati Desa ; Azman Ali Raymond
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2015;22(5):31-41
Background: The aim of this study was to address the ability of the recovery locus of control
scale (RLOC) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) to predict physical functioning among
stroke patients. In addition, the best predictors within the subdomains of the RLOC and PTSS were
also investigated.
Methods: A total of 147 stroke patients aged 33–85 years who had intact cognitive functioning
were involved in the study. The Recovery Locus of Control Scale (RLOC), the Impact of Event Scale-
Revised (IES-R), and the Barthel Index (ADL) were administered to respondents six weeks after
stroke.
Results: The results showed that the RLOC and PTSS were significant predictors and
were capable of predicting 31% of the physical functioning of stroke patients (adjusted R2 = 0.31;
P < 0.001). Furthermore, with respect to clinical factors, the affected lesion side contributed to
predicting 7% of the physical functioning (R2 = 0.07; P < 0.001). A hierarchical regression analysis
found that the internal recovery locus of control (IRLOC) was a predictor capable of explaining 18%
of the predicted physical functioning (adjusted R2 = 0.18; P < 0.001). Meanwhile, avoidance was the
most influential significant predictor among PTSS, contributing to 24% of the predicting physical
functioning (adjusted R2 = 0.24; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the RLOC and PTSS were capable of predicting physical
functioning among stroke patients.
3.Penile Augmentation with Resultant Foreign Material Granuloma and Sequalae
Fam Xeng Inn ; Farrah-Hani Imran ; Mohd Faizal Ali ; Rizuana IH ; Zulkifli Z
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2012;19(4):82-84
Throughout history, a proportion of men appear to correlate penis size and dimensions directly with physical fitness and sexual prowess. Foreign materials, such as paraffin oil, paraffin balm, mineral oils, and silicone, have been used to promise an improvement in penile shaft contour and dimensions. These materials are injected directly into the penis; inducing granuloma formation to achieve increased penis length and girth. However, the result is a severely disfigured and swollen penis, which cannot achieve erection. Local complications of penile lipogranuloma include infection, ulceration, local migration, and cavernosal invasion; leading to functional impairment. Meanwhile, systemic complications include foreign body embolization, organ infarct, and death. Penile lipogranuloma is best treated surgically. Granulomatous skin needs to be completely excised; wound closure with a scrotal skin flap, Cecil’s inlay operation and split thickness skin graft commonly used options. Our case series has shown that penile lipogranuloma, induced by subcutaneous foreign body injections into the penile shaft, and its subsequent adverse outcomes to patients and their partners.