Muslim relies on the structure or guideline of shari’ah or the maqasid al-shariah, which consist of five essential values, namely preservation/protection of faith, life, intellect, property, and dignity/lineage – to guide them in discovering guiding principles for new concerns such as posed by neuroscience. Like in the case of brain imaging technology, there is in need for proper explanation within Islamic and among the Muslim scientists/scholars on how Islamic beliefs, values, and practices might cumulatively provide ‘different’ meanings to the practice and application of this technology, or whether it is in line with the shari’ah – in the context of preservation of health and protection of disease. This paper highlights the Islamic mechanism for neuroethics as basis for a holistic ethical framework of neuroscience to cope with its new, modern, and emerging technologies in the globalised world, and how Muslim should response to such changes.
Religion and Medicine ; Neuroscience

Aims: Camellia sinensis ( green t ea) is known for its therapeutic properties (anti - inflammatory, anti - oxidative and anti - ageing). The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of gree n tea extract on some odorous skin commensal bacteria. Methodology and results: Tea leaves were collected from MARDI Agro Technology Park, Cameron Highlands. A standardised protocol was used to obtain green tea extract. Aqueous green tea extracts were tes ted for antibacterial activity by well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were performed by broth microdilution assays using green tea extract concen trations from 16 to 0.0313 mg/ mL . Green tea extract showed antibacterial activity against skin microbiota. The high antimicrobial effect was achieved against Micrococcus luteus with MIC and MBC of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/μL respectively, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC o f 0.25 and 0.25 mg/μL respectively, Bacillus subtilis with MIC and MBC of 0.5 and 0.5 mg/μL respectively and lastly, Corynebacterium xerosis with MIC and MBC of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/μL respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results obta ined from the study confirm the in vitro anti - microbial activity of green tea extracts against skin microbiota. The antibacterial effects of green tea against skin bacteria with its anti - oxidant and anti - aging properties will help in keeping skin healthy, fresh and reducing unpleasant odo rs .
Camellia sinensis

Introduction: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common infammatory skin dermatosis that is increasing in prevalence. However, it can present in various clinical presentations, which leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, especially in a primary care setting. Te Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atopic Eczema was developed by a multidisciplinary development group and approved by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in 2018. It covers the aspects of diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, and referral.

Aims: Endophytic fungi are organisms that colonize living plant tissues without causing significant symptoms of diseases. They are known as the repository of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with Aloe vera and to assess their antimicrobial activity against the diabetic wound pathogens that result to lower limb amputations. Methodology and results: In this study, 84 endophytic fungi were isolated from A. vera by using 5% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol as surface sterilants. On preliminary antimicrobial screening by agar plug assay, 12 (14.3%) isolates showed significant antagonistic activity on the test microorganisms. Two of the endophytes were identified as Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through morphological and molecular techniques. The fungal cultures fermented in shake flask were extracted subsequently with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides inhibited all test bacteria. The compounds in the extracts were seemed to be semi-polar in nature. On broth microdilution assay, minimal inhibitory and minimal lethality concentration of ethyl acetate extracts of the fungi were found in the range of 0.63−2.50 and 1.25−5.00 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study This study reveals that A. vera harbours a wide diversity of endophytic fungi. A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides showing broad spectrum antimicrobial activity on wound pathogens may be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Further investigations should be conducted to isolate and identify the antimicrobial compound produced by these fungal isolates.
Endophytes--isolation & ; purification ; Aloe