1.Management of diabetes in pregnancy in primary care
Nurain Mohd. Noor ; Lili Zuryani Marmuji ; Mastura Ismail ; Hoong Farn Weng Micheal ; Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof ; Mohd. Aminuddin Mohd. Yusof ; Rohana Abdul Ghani ; Norasyikin Binti A. Wahab ; Nazatul Syima Idrus ; Noor Lita Adam ; Norlaila Mustafa ; Imelda Balchin ; Ranjit Singh Dhalliwal
Malaysian Family Physician 2019;14(3):55-59
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with risks to the woman and her developing fetus. Management
of the condition at the primary care level includes pre-conception care, screening, diagnosis, as well
as antenatal and postpartum care. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring its holistic
management.
2.Technology Advancement Enabling the Link of Gut Microbiota with Obesity and Metabolic Disorder
Hartini Yusof ; Mohamad Shafiq Aazmi ; Ili Ng Abdullah ; Teh Lay Kek ; Aminuddin Ahmad ; Mazlifah Omar ; Thuhairah Rahman ; Mohd Zaki Salleh
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2015;13(1):77-91
Obesity is a growing epidemic due to an accelerated phase of industrialization and urbanization with the overfed people
now outnumbered the underfed. It is the major public health problem with a lot of research interest as it is associated
with many complicated chronic disorders such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers. A global
estimation of 2.8 million deaths per year is due to obesity and there are tremendous on-going efforts to identify hosts
and environmental factors that infl uence the cause and pathogenesis of obesity. Concerted efforts from different research
groups had successfully shown that obese subjects have altered composition of gut microbiota and transplantation of this
microbiota infl uences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice. The advancement of technology had made possible
the study of gut microbiota which was unculturable for better understanding of their impact to human health. Rapid
deep sequencing of DNA at reasonable cost through various options of platforms followed by data analysis using robust
bioinformatic tools are an important way of analysing the gut microbiome. Here we review the role of gut microbiota
which modulates host’s metabolic functions and gene expression, facilitating the extraction and storage of energy from the
ingested dietary substances and leading to body-weight gain. We will discuss on the different techniques used, focusing
on the high-defi nition technologies for the determination of the composition, function and ecology of gut microbiota. This
allows the appropriate selection of platform which becomes the key for success of subsequent research.
Obesity
3.Human Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells as a Source of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Regeneration of Muscular Layer of Urinary Bladder Wall
Salah Abood Salem ; Angela Ng Min Hwei ; Aminuddin Saim ; Christopher Ho Chee Kong ; Ismail Sagap ; Rajesh Singh ; Mohd Reusmaazran Yusof ; Zulkifili Md Zainuddin ; Ruszymah Hj Idrus
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2013;20(4):80-87
Background: Adipose tissue provides an abundant source of multipotent cells, which represent a source of cell-based regeneration strategies for urinary bladder smooth muscle repair. Our objective was to confirm that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into smooth muscle cells.
Methods: In this study, adipose tissue samples were digested with 0.075% collagenase, and the resulting ADSCs were cultured and expanded in vitro. ADSCs at passage two were differentiated by incubation in smooth muscle inductive media (SMIM) consisting of MCDB I31 medium, 1% FBS, and 100 U/mL heparin for three and six weeks. ADSCs in non-inductive media were used as controls. Characterisation was performed by cell morphology and gene and protein expression.
Result: The differentiated cells became elongated and spindle shaped, and towards the end of six weeks, sporadic cell aggregation appeared that is typical of smooth muscle cell culture. Smooth muscle markers (i.e. alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA), calponin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC)) were used to study gene expression. Expression of these genes was detected by PCR after three and six weeks of differentiation. At the protein expression level, ASMA, MHC, and smoothelin were expressed after six weeks of differentiation. However, only ASMA and smoothelin were expressed after three weeks of differentiation.
Conclusion: Adipose tissue provides a possible source of smooth muscle precursor cells that possess the potential capability of smooth muscle differentiation. This represents a promising alternative for urinary bladder smooth muscle repair.
Adipose Tissue
;
Stem Cells
;
Muscle Cells
;
Regeneration
;
Urinary Bladder
4.Management of asthma in adults in primary care
Andrea Ban Yu-lin ; Azza Omar ; Chong Li Yin ; Hilmi Lockman ; Ida Zaliza Zainol Abidin ; Irfhan Ali Hyder Ali ; Jaya Muneswarao Ramadoo@Devudu ; Leong Swee Wei ; Mazapuspavina Md. Yasin ; Mohd Aminuddin Mohd Yusof ; Mohd. Arif Mohd. Zim ; Nor Azila Mohd. Isa ; Shamsuriani Md. Jamal ; Yoon Chee Kin ; Zul Imran Malek Abdol Hamid
Malaysian Family Physician 2018;13(3):20-26
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway which is often misdiagnosed and
undertreated. Early diagnosis and vigilant asthma control are crucial to preventing permanent
airway damage, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare burdens. The key approaches
to asthma management should include patient empowerment through health education and selfmanagement and, an effective patient-healthcare provider partnership.
5.Management of Atopic Eczema in primary care
Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar ; Azura Mohd Affandi ; Ch&rsquo ; ng Chin Chwen ; Dawn Ambrose ; Heah Sheau Szu ; Khor Yek Huan ; Lalitha Pillay a/p B. Gopinathan ; Leow Wooi Leong ; Mohd. Aminuddin Mohd. Yusof ; Noor Zalmy Azizan ; Sabeera Begum ; Siti Shafatun Mohsin ; Tan Wooi Chiang ; Tarita Taib ; Wong Ping Foo ; Zaridah Zainuri ; Siti Mariam Tukimin
Malaysian Family Physician 2020;15(1):39-43
Introduction: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common infammatory skin dermatosis that is increasing
in prevalence. However, it can present in various clinical presentations, which leads to challenges
in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, especially in a primary care setting. Te Clinical
Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atopic Eczema was developed by a multidisciplinary
development group and approved by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in 2018. It covers the aspects
of diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, and referral.
6.Malaysian clinical practice guidelines for management of diabetic foot: A synopsis for the primary care physician
Tharumaraja Thiruselvam ; Aminudin Che Ahmad ; Wong Ping Foo ; Afiza Hanun Ahmad@Hamid ; Mohd Idham Hasan ; Mohd Yazid Bajuri ; Gurmeet Singh s/o Sewa Singh ; Vijiya Mala Valayatham ; Siti Norzalilah Abdul Majid ; Hafizan Mohd Tajri ; Masfiza Abdul Hamid ; Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar ; Mohd Aminuddin Mohd Yusof
Malaysian Family Physician 2021;16(1):103-113
Diabetic foot requires careful attention and coordinated management by a dedicated team. Screening, prevention, adequate assessment, and appropriate referral are crucial to prevent complications. Multimodal treatment and rehabilitation are recommended to ensure a better quality of life and reduction of amputation rate in people with diabetic foot.