AIM:TO evaluate chromosome 8 abnormalities in Duane's retraction syndrome(DRS)type 1.METHODS:We evaluated chromosome 8 abnormalities in 29 consecutive cases of DRS type Ⅰ.DNA was isolated from the peripheral leukocytes of patients using a genomic DNA extraction kit,then D8S553 and D8S1797 markers used for polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:None of the cases were positive for the two markers D8S553 and D8S1797 on chromosome 8 which were tested in our study.CONCLUSION:The possible cause of this finding is that DRS in our patients is more commonly sporadic rather than familial.We recommend study with more cases,other markers,and different chromosomes.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to evaluate the age at natural menopause and related factors among women in a population based study in 2015 in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 960 menopausal women were selected by cluster sampling. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle behavior and reproductive history aspects were collected using a structured questionnaire. Woman and her husband's educational level and occupation with family income were the variables to construct socioeconomic status using principal component analysis. RESULTS: Mean and median of natural menopause age were 48.66 and 48 years, respectively. Women body mass index (BMI) more than 30 kg/m2 had significantly higher menopausal age than women with lower BMI (P value = 0.022). The mean of menopausal age was not statistically significant in regard to marital status, physical activity, smoking status, menarche age, age at first pregnancy and history of abortion. Menopause age with pregnancy numbers and age at last pregnancy had a significant positive association. Women with better socioeconomic status had significantly higher natural menopause age. Multiple linear regression shows significant relationship between lower age at menopause with higher age at marriage, higher number of pregnancy and lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Age at menopause in our studied sample is similar to previous estimates reported for other Iranian populations. Age at marriage, higher number of pregnancy and lower socioeconomic status were the significant factors in relations to age at menopause.
Age Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Iran* ; Islam ; Life Style ; Linear Models ; Marital Status ; Marriage ; Menarche ; Menopause* ; Motor Activity ; Occupations ; Pregnancy ; Principal Component Analysis ; Reproductive History ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors

BACKGROUND: Late complications after Fontan procedure may be due to the absence of pump and pulsatile pulmonary blood flow in this type of palliation. Our aim was to quantify the degree of pulsation by echocardiographic method in patients with extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection (ECTCPC) in comparison with biventricular circulation and few cases of pulsatile Fontan. METHODS: In a case series study, pulsatility index (PI) derived by echocardiographic method were compared between 20 patients with ECTCPC, 6 patients with pulsatile Fontan and 18 normal individual aged 4 to 20 years old. All patients were in New York Heart Association class of I and there was no report of complication. RESULTS: In patients with ECTCPC pulmonary artery branches Doppler flow study showed lower peak and mean velocities compared to the pulsatile Fontan and normal groups. ECTCPC patients had PI of 0.59 +/- 0.14 and 0.59 +/- 0.09 for right and left pulmonary arteries (RPA and LPA) respectively. PI was higher in patients with preserved antegrade flow (RPA PI = 0.94 +/- 0.26, LPA PI = 0.98 +/- 0.27) and in normal individuals (RPA PI = 1.59 +/- 0.12, LPA PI = 1.64 +/- 0.17) for both branches (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Using a Doppler derived index for pulsatility, patients with ECTCPC had the least pulsation. The pulmonary artery flow pattern in patients with preserved antegrade flow showed higher pulsatility indices in both branches. Normal individuals had the greatest pulsatility index.
Echocardiography* ; Fontan Procedure ; Heart ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery*

OBJECTIVETo compare the value of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and cerebral state index (CSI) on predicting hospital discharge status of acute brain-injured patients.

METHODSIn 60 brain-injured patients who did not receive sedatives, GCS and CSI were measured daily during the first 10 days of hospitalization. The outcome of prognostic cut-off points was calculated by GCS and CSI using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve regarding the time of admission and third day of hospitalization. Sensitivity, specificity and other predictive values for both indices were calculated.

RESULTSOf the 60 assessed patients, 14 patients had mild, 13 patients had moderate and 33 patients had severe injuries. During the course of the study, 17 patients (28.3%) deteriorated in their situation and died. The mean GCS and CSI in patients who deceased during hospitalization was significantly lower than those who were discharged from the hospital. GCS<4.5 and CSI<64.5 at the time of admission was associated with higher mortality risk in traumatic brain injury patients and GCS was more sensitive than CSI to predict in-hospital death in these patients. For the first day of hospitalization, the area under ROC curve was 0.947 for GCS and 0.732 for CSI.

CONCLUSIONGCS score at ICU admission is a good predictor of in-hospital mortality. GCS<4.5 and CSI<64.5 at the time of admission is associated with higher mortality risk in traumatic brain injury patients and GCS is more sensitive than CSI in predicting death in these patients.

Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; mortality ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trauma Severity Indices

PURPOSEThe aim of this present study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse (ASA) and its relationship with other risky driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers.

METHODSThis is a cross sectional study which is performed at Shiraz city of Iran. Data from motorcycle drivers were collected using a standard questionnaire in eight major streets at different times of the day. The data includes consumption of alcohol and other substances two hours before driving and some of the risky behaviors during driving.

RESULTSA total of 414 drivers with a mean ± SD age of (27.0 ± 9.3) years participated in the study. Alcohol or substance consumptions two hours before driving was significantly associated with risky driving behaviors such as using mobile phone during driving, poor maneuvering, and driving over the speed limit (both p < 0.001). It was also associated with carelessness about safety such as driving with technical defects (p < 0.001) and not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.008).

CONCLUSIONScreening for alcohol and substance consumption among motorcycle drivers is an efficient way to identify drivers that are at a greater risk for road traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Alcoholism ; complications ; epidemiology ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Confidence Intervals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motorcycles ; statistics & numerical data ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications ; epidemiology ; Survival Rate ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of essential oil from Citrus aurantium on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 patients experiencing coronary angiography in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran from April to November in 2016. All patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by a random number table, 40 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group inhaled Citrus aurantium essential oil for 15-20 min about 60 min before angiography. Following the same procedure, distilled water was used instead of Citrus aurantium in the control group. Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was filled in and vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respiratory and pulse rate were recorded before and 20 min after the intervention. Adverse reactions after intervention were observed. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the mean scores of STAI, SBP, DBP, respiratory and pulse rate were 53.30 ± 10.13, 134.82 ± 11.75 mm Hg, 84.49 ± 6.99 mm Hg, 17.87 ± 1.73 times/min, and 76.48 ± 12.55 beats/min at baseline and significantly decreased to 42.37 ± 10.15, 124.49 ± 10.48 mm Hg, 79.23 ± 6.62 mm Hg, 14.54 ± 1.43 times/min, and 70.03 ± 13.66 beats/min respectively 20 min after intervention (all P<0.05); however, in the control group, neither anxiety scores nor vital signs changed significantly (P>0.05). All subjects reported no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium was effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2016040816797N2 (retrospectively registered on 21 April 2016, https://en.irct.ir/trial/15600 ).

PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to analyze the trend of road traffic fatalities in Kashan Region, Iran, in a period of eight years.

METHODSThrough a cross-sectional study, all road traffic deaths classified under the V01V99 codes according to ICD-10 in Kashan region, central Iran, from March 2006 to March 2013 and population data were collected from the registration system of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Years of lost life (YLL) and mortality rates were calculated regarding age, gender and year of the accident. Generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson log-linear link was used to evaluate the effects of the mentioned variables on mortality rate.

RESULTSDuring the period of the study (8 years), 928 people (767 men) died due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). The total YLL was 20,818. The mortality rate due to RTIs has been declined constantly from 43.1 in March 2006 to 21.1 per 100,000 in March 2013. The highest mortality rate was found in the age group of over 60 years old and the lowest in the age group of 0-14 years old. Both mortality rate and YLL was greater in men than in women. Poisson regression showed that age, gender and year of the accidents had a significant effect on mortality rate (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONAlthough there has been a constant decline of mortality rate in Kashan area within the study period, the value remains higher than the mean level of Eastern Mediterranean region and the global average, which is a notable fact for policymakers and authorities.

PURPOSE: Despite advances in modern medicine, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are still a major medical problem. Early diagnosis of TBI is crucial for clinical decision-making and prognosis. This study aims to compare the predictive value of Helsinki, Rotterdam, and Stockholm CT scores in predicting the 6-month outcomes in blunt TBI patients. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted on blunt TBI patients of 15 years or older. All of them were admitted to the surgical emergency department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran from 2020 to 2021 and had abnormal trauma-related findings on brain CT images. The patients' demographic data such as age, gender, history of comorbid conditions, mechanism of trauma, Glasgow coma scale, CT images, length of hospital stay, and surgical procedures were recorded. The Helsinki, Rotterdam, and Stockholm CT scores were simultaneously determined according to the existing guidelines. The included patients' 6-month outcome was determined using the Glasgow outcome scale extended. M Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0. Sensitivity, specificity, negative/positive predictive value and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for each test. The Kappa agreement coefficient and Kuder Richardson-20 were used to compare the scoring systems. RESULTS: Altogether 171 TBI patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the mean age of (44.9 ± 20.2) years. Most patients were male (80.7%), had traffic related injuries (83.1%) and mild TBIs (64.3%). Patients with lower Glasgow coma scale had higher Helsinki, Rotterdam, and Stockholm CT scores and lower Glasgow outcome scale extended scores. Among all the scoring systems, the Helsinki and Stockholm scores showed the highest agreement in predicting patients' outcomes (kappa = 0.657, p < 0.001). The Rotterdam scoring system had the highest sensitivity (90.1%) in predicting death of TBI patients, whereas the Helsinki scoring system had the highest sensitivity (89.8%) in predicting the 6-month outcome in TBI patients. CONCLUSION The Rotterdam scoring system was superior in predicting death in TBI patients, whereas the Helsinki scoring system was more sensitive in predicting the 6-month outcome.
Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Cohort Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis* ; Brain Injuries ; Prognosis ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging* ; Brain

Objective To determine the wash resistance of Olyset