There has been, and is still, concern about the high elastic modulus of Ti alloys compared to bone. Any reduction in the Young's modulus value of the implant is expected to enhance stress redistribution to the adjacent bone tissues, minimize stress shielding and eventually prolong device lifetime. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict the gradual reduction in Young's modulus values between the bulk of Ti alloys and the modified surface layers due to Ca ion implantation. The simulation can be used as a screening step when applying new alloys and/or coatings.
seconds ; Alloys ; Ions ; simulation ; Young

We report a rare case of left axillary artery injury associated with anterior dislocation of the left shoulder in a 25 yrs old male as a result of a road traffic accident. The shoulder dislocation was reduced. A left upper limb angiogram showed an obstructed left axillary artery. The obstructed segment was surgically reconstructed with a Dacron graft. Six months post operation in follow up, he was found to have good left shoulder function and no neurovascular deficit. This is an injury that could have been easily missed without a simple clinical examination.
Shoulder ; Arteries ; Adenohypophyseal Diseases ; Injury inflicted to the body by an external force ; Nerve injury, NOS

We report a case of a non-pulsatile groin swelling in a 38 years old male drug addict without the typical clinical signs of an aneurysm. Ultrasound revealed a left femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm. He was surgically treated and the vessels were ligated without revascularisation.
Swelling ; groin <1> ; Aneurysm ; Drug addict ; Aspects of signs

Aedes aegypti (= Stegomyia aegypti) mosquito is a world vector of important arboviral diseases like dengue and Rift Valley fever. Despite its wide distribution in the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia, where dengue outbreaks have occurred, its ecology is largely unknown. In this study we report on the main life table developmental attributes of a laboratory colony of Ae. aegypti reared from field-collected larvae from Madinah Province, west of Saudi Arabia. Females were maintained on daily blood meal and sugar. The female fecundity was ~62 eggs/female at an overall rate of 72% hatchability. The mean time needed for eggs to hatch into larvae was 4.5 d. The mean pupation time (P50) was 11.53 days (d). The proportion of immature survivorships were 0.69 for 1(st) larva to pupa (P/I), 0.98 for pupa to adult (A/P) and an overall 0.67 for 1(st) larva to adult (A/I). Males emerged faster than females with mean emergence time (E50) of 12.83 and 15.31 d, respectively. The average developmental velocity (V) showed that males (V= 0.081) developed faster than females (V= 0.068). The male/female sex ratio at adult emergence was 0.48, and insignificantly different from the 1:1 ratio. The adult mean life expectancy at emergence (eo) was 17.14 d for females compared to 9.59 d for males. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 101.04 and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.15 with a mean generation time (G) of 30.7 d. The instantaneous mean of birth (B) and death rate (D) were 0.30 and 0.15, respectively, with rm/B of 0.529 and B/D of 2.281. Compared to other Ae. aegypti strains from different geographic and ecological settings, the Saudi strain had a relatively low colonization potential. This is the first report on life table characteristics for Ae. aegypti from the Arabian Peninsula, and provides base-line information for wider studies on its natural populations. This is particularly important for understanding its population dynamics in relation to dengue transmission and control under regional conditions.

Epidermoid cyst is a common benign cutaneous swelling frequently encountered in surgical practice. It usually presents as a painless lump frequently occurring in hairbearing areas of the body particularly the scalp, scrotum, neck, shoulder and back. Giant epidermoid cysts commonly occur in hairy areas such as the scalp. We present here the case of a rare occurrence of a giant epidermoid cyst in the less hairy area of the right upper thigh mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma. Steps are highlighted for the management of this unusual cyst.

Life expectancy from birth is increasing dramatically. Due to this increase, the population of elderly people will increase. Consequently, geriatric related illnesses will increase leading to increased necessity to build up comprehensive and coordinated cost effective health care services appropriate for elderly people. Frailty is not a disease, but rather considered as a syndrome requiring comprehensive and multidisciplinary care approach. It is a prevalent reversible pathological transitional stage between healthy aging and disability. Frailty is associated significantly with increased health care utilization, mortality, and comorbidities such falls, hospitalizations, physical dependence, and poor perception of health. The aim of this review is to compile existing literature on the economic cost of frailty syndrome among elderly people in the recent years. Search queries were constructed to look for articles related to the economic cost of frailty in the electronic databases available at the National University of Malaysia library for articles published between the years 2011 and 2019. The accessed electronic database included New England journal of medicine, Science Direct, SCOPUS, BMJ, Cochrane, and Wiley Online Library. Articles included in this review when they were original research, participants were defined as frail elderly, manuscripts written in English language, and involved clearly described measures of frailty cost. Among the literature, twenty one articles were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria of the review process. The cost of care for frail elderly was ranging from US $ 8,620 to 29,910 per patient per year. The cost of health care was ranging from US $ 2,540 to 221,400. The health care cost was accounting for 40% to 76% of the total care cost. Hospitalization cost was the highest, it was ranging from US $ 806 to 152,726. Outpatient cost was ranging from US $ 200 to 18,000. Medications cost was ranging from US $ 7 to 3,434 per frail elderly patient per year. Home help cost was ranging from US $ 804 to 19,728 per frail elderly patient per year. In conclusion, frailty is a costly syndrome. It can be considered as a cost effective target for health promoting interventions to contain future elderly cost.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Eleven fungal strains were tested for their ability to produce brown and reddish brown textile dyes using H-acid (1- naphthol-8-amino-3, 6-disulfonic acid) as a dye precursor in the fermentation medium. All tested fungal strains exhibited high ability to produce dyes varying in both dye color (brown to reddish brown) and fastness properties to washing, perspiration and UV light. The produced dyes were subjected to further analysis for quantitative determination of dye components for investigation of their inter-relations as well as their role in dye color and stability.