1.Excision of tracheocutaneous fistula under local anaesthesia
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2009;4(1):29-31
Tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is a known complication of
tracheostomy. It can cause problems such as saliva leak, predispose
to infection from external skin into respiratory tract and cosmetically
not acceptable. Treatment of the underlying infection is paramount
important. Persistence of tract after sufficient duration of observation
period should be surgically treated. Cases reported in the literature
are mainly regarding paediatric TCF and the procedures are usually
done under general anesthesia. We describe a case of surgical
treatment of an adult TCF which was done under local anaesthesia.
2.External laryngocoele: A rare cause of stridor in neonate
Nor Idayu M YUSOF ; Mohamamad Tamim JAMIL ; Irfan MOHAMAD
Brunei International Medical Journal 2012;8(1):43-47
A laryngocoele is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. It is a rare cause of stridor in the newborn or in early infancy. Most laryngocoeles are asymptomatic but symptoms of hoarseness, feeding difficulty, lump in the neck and upper airway obstruction may occur. We report a case of external laryngocoele causing partial airway obstruction in early infancy. Spontaneous resolution occurred following conservative medical management thus avoiding surgical intervention.
Infant
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Complications
;
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
3.Prolong Placement of Tracheostomy Tube Causing Unusual Complication
Mohamad Norkahfi R ; Marina MB ; Mawaddah A ; Abdullah Sani M
Medicine and Health 2016;11(2):298-302
Tracheostomy can be associated with numerous complications. Here, we present
a case of large hypertrophic skin of tracheostoma with tracheal granulation tissue
causing malpositioning of tracheostomy tube and airway obstruction, secondary to
prolong placement of a cuff tracheostomy tube due to improper tracheostomy care.
This case illustrates that awareness and knowledge of proper tracheostomy tube
care among medical personnel are very important to avoid any mismanagement
that can cause life-threatening complications.
Tracheostomy
4.Effective connectivity between superior temporal gyrus and Heschl’s gyrus during white noise listening: linear versus non-linear models
Hamid KA ; Yusoff AN ; Rahman MZA ; Mohamad M ; Hamid AIA
Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal 2012;8(2):1-13
Purpose: This fMRI study is about modelling the effective connectivity between Heschl’s gyrus (HG) and the
superior temporal gyrus (STG) in human primary auditory cortices.
Materials & methods: Ten healthy male participants were required to listen to white noise stimuli during
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to generate
individual and group brain activation maps. For input region determination, two intrinsic connectivity models
comprising bilateral HG and STG were constructed using dynamic causal modelling (DCM). The models were estimated
and inferred using DCM while Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) for group studies was used for model comparison and
selection. Based on the winning model, six linear and six non-linear causal models were derived and were again
estimated, inferred, and compared to obtain a model that best represents the effective connectivity between HG and the STG, balancing accuracy and complexity.
Results: Group results indicated significant asymmetrical activation (puncorr < 0.001) in bilateral HG and STG.
Model comparison results showed strong evidence of STG as the input centre. The winning model is preferred by 6 out
of 10 participants. The results were supported by BMS results for group studies with the expected posterior probability,r = 0.7830 and exceedance probability, φ = 0.9823. One-sample t-tests performed on connection values obtained from the winning model indicated that the valid connections for the winning model are the unidirectional parallel connections from STG to bilateral HG (p < 0.05). Subsequent model comparison between linear and non-linear models using BMS prefers non-linear connection (r = 0.9160, φ = 1.000) from which the connectivity between STG and the ipsi- and contralateral HG is gated by the activity in STG itself.
Conclusion: We are able to demonstrate that the effective connectivity between HG and STG while listening to
white noise for the respective participants can be explained by a non-linear dynamic causal model with the activity in STG influencing the STG-HG connectivity non-linearly.
5.The Acquisition, Analyses and Interpretation of fMRI Data: A Study on Functional Specialisation in Primary Auditory Cortices
Yusoff AN ; Abdul Hamid K ; Mohamad M ; Abd Hamid AI
Medicine and Health 2008;3(2):300-317
In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to investigate func-tional specialisation in human auditory cortices during listening. A silent fMRI paradigm was used to reduce the scanner sound artefacts on functional images. The subject was instructed to pay attention to the white noise stimulus binaurally given at an inten-sity level of 70 dB higher than the hearing level for normal people. Functional speciali-sation was studied using the Matlab-based Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) software by means of fixed effects (FFX), random effects (RFX) and conjunction analyses. Individual analyses on all subjects indicated asymmetrical bilateral activation of the left and right hemispheres in Brodmann areas (BA) 22, 41 and 42, involving the primary and secondary auditory cortices. The percentage of signal change is larger in the BA22, 41 and 42 on the right as compared to the ones on the left (p>0.05). The average number of activated voxels in all the respective Brodmann areas are higher in the right hemisphere than in the left (p>0.05). FFX results showed that the point of maximum intensity was in the right BA41 whereby 599±1 activated voxels were ob-served in the right temporal lobe as compared to 485±1 in the left temporal lobe. The RFX results were consistent with that of FFX. The analysis of conjunction which fol-lowed, showed that the right BA41 and left BA22 as the common activated areas in all subjects. The results confirmed the specialisation of the right auditory cortices in pro-cessing non verbal stimuli.
6.Asscociation of Risk Factors and Its Bleeding Complication for Tenecteplase Administered in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).
Nik Azlan, N M ; Mohamad Shazwan, A ; Nurul Amirah, M ; Ting, S L ; Ong, T S
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2013;68(5):381-383
No abstract available.
7.Radiation and temperature effects on conductivity properties of PVA-KOH-PC composite.
M T Mohd Asri ; S Elias ; S M Iskandar ; S Abd Halim ; H Jumiah ; A R M Zaki ; K Taiman ; M Y Abd Rashid ; A A Mohamad
The Medical journal of Malaysia 2004;59 Suppl F():139-40
The aim of this work was to study radiation and the effects of temperature on conductivity properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based potassium hydroxide (KOH) and propylene carbonate (PC), where the ionic conduction preferentially occurs in the amorphous phase by free radicals ions through gamma-irradiation. Alkaline composite polymer electrolyte (ACPE) consisting of PVA, KOH and PC of different concentration ratios were prepared by solvent-casting technique. The ACPE were irradiated with different doses from 5 kGy up to 200 kGy. The conductivity properties of the electrolyte films were measured at different frequencies in the range 20 Hz to 1 MHz using LCR meter. The results showed that the conductivity properties were dependent on the radiation dose, temperature and the concentration of the polymer blends.
Radiation
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asparaginase/prednisone/vincristine
;
Personal Computers
;
Temperature
;
Concentration
8.Medical Students’ Perceptions on the Adequacy and Effectiveness of Pharmacology Teaching during Preclinical Years
NORAZLINA M ; SITI MARIAM B ; MOHAMAD-SHARIF MA ; NORAIN MM ; MUHAMMAD-ADAM AC ; HAZLINDA M ; DARISHINI G
Medicine and Health 2019;14(2):109-120
Pharmacology teaching during preclinical years is important for medical students
to make rational choices in choosing suitable treatment for patients in future.
Therefore, the present study determined the adequacy and effectiveness of
pharmacology teaching in the undergraduate medical program at the Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Suggestions for improvement of
the curriculum were also identified. An online questionnaire on the perceptions
of pharmacology teaching methodology was distributed to a total of 459 medical
students in 4th and 5th year at UKMMC. The questionnaire covered demographics,
perceptions about pharmacology teaching, the ideal teaching learning
methodology for learning pharmacology, pharmacology topics which are useful
for future clinical practice, the pharmacology topic which was most interesting and
recommendations for improvement. The response rate was 46.4% and majority of
the participants were females (65.7%). Most of the students agreed that interactive
learning was more helpful than didactic lectures (88.0%). Seventy percent of the
students reported that pharmacology lectures in the preclinical years were helpful
during the clinical years. Percentage of students who agreed that pharmacology
teaching in their preclinical was adequate for their clinical practice was 47.0%.
There was no association between demographic variables (gender, race, year of
study and medical family background) and interest in pharmacology (p>0.05). In
conclusion, the pharmacology teaching during preclinical years was perceived
to be effective and useful for students’ clinical practice. More pharmacology
teaching sessions in clinical years was suggested which may improve adequacy of
pharmacology teaching.
9.The Antibacterial Properties of Euphorbia Tirucalli Stem Extracts against Dental Caries-Related
Bacteria Yi Qs ; Wan Zarina Za ; Nurulhidayah Cn ; Mohamad Ezany Y ; Azlina A ; Suharni M
Medicine and Health 2017;12(1):34-41
Euphorbia tirucalli are reported to possess antibacterial activity against various
microorganisms. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties
of Euphorbia tirucalli stems extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts)
against dental caries-related bacteria, i.e. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and
Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). The antibacterial properties were determined
using agar-well diffusion method at different extract concentrations (10, 20 and 30
mg/ml). Commercially available amoxicillin (10 µg) was used as positive control
while the appropriate solvent served as negative control. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli stem were found to be effective against S.
mutans and S. sobrinus. However, the aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli stem
showed no activity against both bacterial strains. The differences in the antibacterial
properties in different extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli may be due to the differences
in phytochemical constituents.
10.Wear of Rotary Instruments: A Pilot Study
A. Abdul Aziz ; N.H. Abu Kasim ; C. Ramasindarum ; M.Y.P. Mohamad Yusof ; M. Paiizi ; R. Ahmad
Annals of Dentistry 2011;18(1):1-7
The aim of this study was to assess the wear of tungsten
carbide burs and round rotary diamond instruments
through measurements of rake angle and visual
observations respectively under a f ield emission
scanning electron microscope. Sixty short and long
head pear-shaped tungsten carbide burs and 18 round
rotary diamond instruments that had been used to
complete < 5, > 5 and > 10 cavity preparations (n=10/
group) were selected from the 3rd and 4th year dental
students, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya.
There were two control groups consisting of long and
short tungsten carbide burs of ten each. Two-way
ANOVA was used to analyse the rake angle data. The
data from the two control groups were collectively
analysed following multiple paired t-test (p > .05)
which showed no significant difference between the
two types of tungsten carbide bur (short and long
head). The mean rake angle of the control group was
significantly higher (p < .05) compared to the < 5, > 5
and > 10 cavity preparation groups. The rake angle of
the > 10 cavity preparation group was significantly
lower than the other two test groups (p < .05). Round
rotary diamond instruments in the < 5 cavity
preparation group showed intact diamond particles
with distinct cutting facets comparable to the control
group. However, diamonds instruments in the > 5 and
> 10 cavity preparation groups showed blunt diamond
particles. In conclusion, wear of tungsten carbide burs
and round rotary diamond instruments were evident
after repeated use. Wear was more pronounced when
instruments were used to prepare more than ten
cavities.