Stress distribution on mandibular implants supporting overdentures were registered in vitro experimental model by means of 4 rosette gauges which were placed around the implant. The overdenture attachments used in this study were the Resilient Dolder bar, Rigid Dolder bar, Round bar, Hader bar&Dal-Ro attachment. An occlusal jig was placed on the overdenture and the loading sites were 3 points which mimicked working, balancing, and median relations. With 5 and 10kg loading, strains were measured by strain indicator(P-3500, Measurement group, Raleigh, USA), and using these data, maximum and minimum principal stresses and Von Mises stress were calculated and evaluated. The results were as follows: There was a tendency of high stress concentration in the lingual side of the implant, and in the buccal side low stress was developed regardless of the attachment systems. The resilient Dolder bar concentrated highest stress among the attachment systems, and the Round bar and the Dal-Ro attachment provided comparatively low stresses around the implant. The rigid Dolder bar concentrated high stress in the mesial side, and the Dal-Ro attachment developed tensile stress patterns in the lingual and distal sides of the implant at the balancing relation.
Denture, Overlay* ; Models, Theoretical

We inspected reliability of A-constant of AMO SI-30NB by comparing target diopter and actual postoperative refractive status. Group 1 comprised 191 eyes which were implanted AMO PhacoFlex SI-30NB with corneal incision. Group 2 comprised 45 eyes implanted Pharmacia 812C with scleral incisions. Group 3 comprised 17 eyes implanted AMO OgaciFlex SI-30NB with corneal incision. Refraction was performed on post operative day 1, day 5, day 14, 1 month, and 3 month. It revealed hyperopic shift of 0.31 to 0.40 diopter compared to the target diopters in both Group 1 and Group 3 and no statistical difference was found between two groups(p value>0.05). On the other hand, Group 2 were statistically significant(p value<0.01). We attempted mathematical modelling of this phenomenon and the cause of hyperopylene haptics, structural weakness of haptic-optic junction, and the structure of SI-30NB itself.
Hand ; Models, Theoretical

No abstract available.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Models, Theoretical

Three linear strain gauges (KFR-02N-120-C1-23, Kyowa, Japan) were placed around the abutment of implant fixture and the maximum axial loads on the mandibular implants supporting overdentures were registered in experimental model when the overdenture was removed. The overdenture attachments used in this study wee Round bar, Hader bar, Dolder bar with and without spacer. The retention of bar attachment was measured using universal testing machine while being controlled by Activating set and Deactivator except in case of the Hader bar. Simultaneously strains were recorded with the strain smart program in strain P-6000 series (Measurement group, Raleigh, USA). The maximum axial load was calculated and compared with each other. The results were as follows: 1. The amount and the timing of the maximum axial loads were different between the right and left implant in all attachment systems. 2. The retention of bar attachment except Hader bar could be adjusted but the controllability was different among the attachment systems. 3. The more the axial load, the higher the retention with Hader bar and Dolder bar without spacer. but the tendency of increase was not shown with round bar and Dolder bar with spacer.
Denture, Overlay* ; Models, Theoretical

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis ; Models, Theoretical ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis ; Models, Theoretical ; Prevalence

The era of "Big Data" presents opportunities to substantively address cancer prevention and control issues by improving health behaviors and refining theoretical models designed to understand and intervene in those behaviors. Yet, the terms “model” and “Big Data” have been used rather loosely, and clarification of these terms is required to advance the science in this area. The objectives of this paper are to discuss conceptual definitions of the terms "model" and "Big Data", as well as examine the promises and challenges of Big Data to advance cancer prevention and control research using behavioral theories. Specific recommendations for harnessing Big Data for cancer prevention and control are offered.
Dataset ; Health Behavior ; Models, Theoretical

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions of different amounts of Jinuni beans and fresh cream for the preparation of Jinuni bean chocolate. An experiment was designed using the central composite design of the response surface, which required 10 experimental treatments including 2 replicates for the Jinuni bean and fresh cream. The compositional and functional properties of the treatments were measured and these values were applied to the mathematical model. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixture products. The color value L (Lightness) decreased with an increase in the amount of added Jinuni bean but the color value a (redness) and color value b (yellowness) did not change. In addition, the hardness value increased with the addition of the Jinuni bean. The results of the sensory evaluation showed very significant differences in the values of the texture (p< 0.01), taste (p<0.05), and overall quality (p<0.01). As a result, the optimum formulations as determined by the numerical and graphical methods were 27.98 g of Jinuni bean and 67.0 g of fresh cream.
Cacao ; Fabaceae ; Hardness ; Models, Theoretical

OBJECTIVETo introduce the nature and its application of a multilevel model.

METHODSData was analyzed from a baseline survey of smoking behavior among middle school students sponsored by a WHO smoking controll project. Multilevel analysis was used on available data and to compare the results from logistic regression.

RESULTSThe outcomes of null multilevel model approved that there was hierarchical structure on data. The influencing factors of middle school students smoking appeared to be gender, age, attitude, environment and public education at schools. When the variable of public education by classes was not included, the standard errors by multilevel analysis became smaller than the corresponding standard errors through logistic regression method.

CONCLUSIONMultilevel model seemed a good method for analyzing data with hierarchical or cluster structure, it could be applied in stratified or cluster sampling of epidemiological or community-based investigation.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the application of Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) method for detecting gene-gene interactions in genetic case-control studies.

METHODSA brief overview on basic steps involved in the implementation, theoretical details, available software as well as the use and features of the MDR method were discussed based on a practical research case.

RESULTSAdvantages of MDR were compared to the conventional statistical approaches, showing that MDR method was a novel, nonparametric, genetic model-free approach that was developed specifically for detecting gene-gene interactions. Theoretical and empirical studies suggested that MDR was having reasonable power for detecting gene-gene interactions. Applications of MDR method had found the evidence of gene-gene interactions in several diseases such as sporadic breast cancer, atrial fibrillation and essential hypertension.

CONCLUSIONMDR method could be used for detecting gene-gene interactions in genetic case-control studies as having great advantages versus the conventional statistical approaches.