1.Production of Acrylamide via the Long-Term Incubation of Asparagine and Reducing Sugar Solutions at 37°C
Katsuyuki ISHIHARA ; Miyako YONEZAWA ; Hidenori KOGA ; Tomihisa OHTA
Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012;9(1):43-48
In this study, we examined whether AA can be produced in Fru + Asn and Glc + Asn solutions that are incubated at 37°C for a long time. Acrylamide was observed in both solutions at pH 7.4 and pH 12.0. The Fru + Asn group became a deeper brown, but had a lower AA production rate than the Glc + Asn group at each pH. This suggests the presence of an acrylamide production pathway different from those in related high-temperature processes. Moreover, the generation of acrylamide at pH 7.4 in the Glc + Asn solution at 37°C suggests that acrylamide can be produced as an advanced glycation end product in the living body.
2.EFFECTS OF THE BREATHING MODE CHARACTERIZED BY PROLONGED EXPIRATION ON RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS ACTIVITY DURING THE EXERCISE
TAKUYA MATSUMOTO ; ATSUHIKO MATSUNAGA ; MIYAKO HARA ; MASAKAZU SAITOH ; RYUSUKE YONEZAWA ; AKIRA ISHII ; TOSHIKI KUTSUNA ; KAZUYA YAMAMOTO ; TAKASHI MASUDA
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2008;57(3):315-326
PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of prolonged expiration (PE) on respiratory and cardiovascular responses and autonomic nervous activity during the exercise.METHODS : Twenty-five healthy men (22±1years) were classified according to the breathing mode during the exercise : 2-second inspiration and 4-second expiration in 1 : 2 group, 3-second inspiration and 3-second expiration in 1 : 1 group and normal breathing in control group. The 6-minute exercise was performed at anaerobic threshold (AT) and 60%AT using a cycle ergometer as an exercise protocol. Respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (TV) were measured by the expired gas analysis. The power of low- (LF) and high-frequency components (HF) was analyzed from a Holter electrocardiogram to assess the heart rate variability. RESULTS : RR and LF/HF were significantly lower, TV and HF were significantly higher during the exercise of 60%AT and AT in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 groups than in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The increase of HR was significantly lower and that of HF was significantly higher during the exercise at 60%AT in the 1 : 2 group than in the 1 : 1 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION : PE activated the parasympathetic nervous activity and consequently restrained an excessive increase of HR during the exercise at 60%AT.
3.Pharmaceutical Interventions for Cancer Chemotherapy Utilizing Drug Information
Megumi KAWAKAMI ; Noriaki KITADA ; Atsushi YONEZAWA ; Miyako OKAMURA ; Junko OZAKI ; Yasuaki IKEMI ; Shunsaku NAKAGAWA ; Satoshi IMAI ; Takayuki NAKAGAWA ; Keitaro DOI ; Shuji AKIZUKI ; Manabu MUTO ; Tomohiro TERADA
Japanese Journal of Drug Informatics 2023;25(2):83-90
Objective: In patients with specific backgrounds, comprehensive identification of health problems and proactive pharmacist intervention are crucial to providing safe and effective medical care. However, there are insufficient reports on chemotherapy regimen selection and supportive care management in patients taking immunosuppressants. In this study, to circumvent adverse events, pharmacists intervened with a patient administering tacrolimus (TAC) using known information, focusing on multiple factors attributable to the patient in addition to drug interactions.Methods: The patient was a male in their 70s who received palliative chemotherapy for gastric cancer during their dermatomyositis treatment with TAC. Pharmaceutical support for cancer chemotherapy was provided using the following four procedures: (1) Patient information was collected from interviews and electronic medical records to identify patient-specific problems; (2) Basic pharmacological information was collected from tertiary sources, focusing on the interaction between TAC and aprepitant (APR). Furthermore, clinical reports were collected, and the pharmacokinetic drug interaction significance classification system was used for quantitative predictions; (3) The information obtained in steps 1) and 2) was evaluated, and comprehensive proposals linked to the patient information were presented; (4) Adverse events, TAC blood level, and patient outcomes were monitored after treatment initiation.Results: A chemotherapy regimen consisting of S-1/oxaliplatin therapy without APR was selected. The adverse effects were controllable, and the treatment was completed without many adverse events. Meanwhile, TAC adherence was unaffected by cancer chemotherapy, and the TAC blood concentration or dose ratios were controlled within the same range as previously reported.Conclusion: In cancer chemotherapy, for cases with limited evidence or information, comprehensive pharmaceutical support was provided using known patient information, considering multiple patient factors. This report is beneficial as an example of supportive care management by a pharmacist and contributes to providing optimal service in cases with specific backgrounds.