This report illustrates a case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) masquerading as neurofibromatosis caused by multifocal enlargements of spinal nerve roots. At age 73, the patient reported a 6-year history of numbness, weakness and pain in the hands and legs, but he could but he could walk independently with a cane. And although tremor was present, he could still draw. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through the cervical spine demonstrated spinal cord compression bilaterally at C 6-7, caused by neurofibroma-like cervical root tumors and enlargement of the spinal nerve roots and the brachial and lumbosacral nerve plexuses. Nerve conduction studies showed very little evoked response, with the exception of the median nerve which demonstrated prolonged distal latency and reduced compound muscle action potential with temporal dispersion, suggesting a diagnosis of demyelinating neuropathy. Somatosensory evoked potentials of the median nerve revealed prolonged latency, and motor evoked potentials obtained from the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi by transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated prolonged latency and temporal dispersion. Sural nerve biopsies showed segmental demyelination, remyelination (onion-bulb formation), axonal loss, and lymphocyte infiltration suggesting CIDP. The patient did not have a positive family history and declined further genetic studies. We could therefore not rule out the possibility of a hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.