Object To investigate the relationship between plasma tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?) and insulin resistance in the patients with non obese type 2 diabetes.Methods The levels of plasma TNF-? and serum insulin were measured in 38 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects by immuno-radioassay. Insulin sensitive index (ISI) and body mass index(BMI) were also calculated. The correlation analysis was done between TNF-? and ISI.Results ⑴ The levels of plasma TNF-? in type 2 diabetes were 30 79?6 64fmol/ml, and higher than those in controls (P

Objective To observe the efficacy difference between nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points and the control group. Method Patients were randomized into group A (nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points), group B (electroacupuncture at antagonistic points), and group C (basic treatment), 45 cases in each group. The interventions were given once a day, 5 times a week, totally for 4 weeks. The changes of spasm degree and motor function of upper limb and activities of daily life were observed. Result After intervention, there were significant differences between group B and group C, and between group A and group B (P<0.05); there was a significant difference between group A and group C (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared to the control group, nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points can produce more significant efficacies in improving the spasm degree and motor function of upper limb and activities of daily life.

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on glycemia and ?-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Mothods Open-label and self-match trial was carried out. 31 cases of type 2 diabetic patients were divided into RSG monotherapy group (n=13), RSG plus metformin group (n=9), and RSG plus sulphonylureas group. All the patients received treatment for 12 weeks. Weight, body mass index, FBG, FINS, blood pressure, TG, Tch, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST and TBIL were determined before and after therapy. The insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ?-cell function (HOMA-?) of the patients were evaluated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results Compared with before treatment, there was a significant improvement in FBG, FINS, HOMA-? and HOMA-IR in all the patients after treatment (FBG 8.89?2.49mmol/L, FINS 17.89?5.78mU/L, HOMA-? 79.75?41.28,HOMA-IR 7.15?3.40 vs FBG 7.27?2.26mmol/L, FINS 14.33?3.82mU/L,HOMA-? 120.84?140.66,HOMA-IR 4.63?1.81, respectively,P

Objective: To explore the types of medication adherence and their influencing factors among inpatients with chronic diseases based on latent profile analysis, so as to provide the basis for improving medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases. Methods: The inpatients with chronic diseases admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University were selected as the study subjects. Demographic information, chronic disease status, and health education were collected through questionnaire surveys. Medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Scale and categorized based on the scores of its eight items through latent profile analysis. Factors affecting medication adherence among inpatients with chronic diseases were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Results: Totally 290 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.64%. There were 157 males (54.14%) and 133 females (45.86%), with a median age of 61 (interquartile range, 21) years. The median score of medication adherence was 4.75 (interquartile range, 4.50). Based on latent profile analysis, medication adherence was categorized into three types: subjective neglect with poor adherence (38.97%), subjective confidence with fluctuating adherence (28.28%), and self-reflective with good adherence (32.76%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the subjective confidence with fluctuating adherence, family monthly income (5 000-10 000 yuan, OR=2.981, 95%CI: 1.055-8.429), comorbidity of chronic diseases (OR=3.478, 95%CI: 1.579-7.661), number of health education sessions received in the past year (≤1 session, OR=0.329, 95%CI: 0.120-0.907; 2 sessions, OR=0.363, 95%CI: 0.138-0.950), and health information literacy scores (<60 points, OR=2.596, 95%CI: 1.209-5.573) were statistically associated with subjective neglect with poor adherence (all P<0.05). Conclusion Subjective neglect with poor medication adherence among inpatients with chronic diseases is associated with family monthly income, comorbidity of chronic diseases, the number of health education sessions received, and health information literacy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of intermittent and constant high glucose media on the synthesis of vascular relaxing factor nitric oxide (NO) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to investigate its mechanism. METHODS: HUVECs were exposed to 5.5 mmol/L glucose (normal control), 20 mmol/L glucose (constant high glucose), and 5.5 mmol/L alternating with 20 mmol/L glucose (intermittent high glucose) for 7 days. The NO level was measured using Griess Reaction in cell culture supernatants; the expressions of PI3K, PKB and eNOS mRNA and protein were measured with RT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS: NO level in the intermittent high glucose group was significantly lower than that in the constant high glucose group (P<0.05). The expression of PI3K, PKB, and eNOS in the intermittent high glucose group was significantly lower than that in the constant high glucose group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Intermittent high glucose could be more deleterious to endothelial cells than constant high glucose, and may lead to decrease synthesis of NO by inhibiting PI3K/PKB/eNOS pathway activation.
Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple screening table for primary osteoporosis (POP) in senior men and women. METHODS: Questionnaires were designed to obtain the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD), which were measured in 146 community residents over 60. The multiple stepwise regression was used to find out the risk factors and establish the screening index. Then the cut-off point of sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Simple screening table for POP in senior people was established according to the screening index and the cut-off point. Validity and reliability of the simple screening table for POP in senior people were testified by 61 outpatients whose BMD was measured with dual energy X-ray (DEXA). RESULTS: Percentage of the height loss,body weight, age, and gender were selected with multiple stepwise regression.Percentage of height loss and body weight were selected to develop the simple screening table for POP in senior people. The cut-off point was 270, sensitivity was 88.9 %, specificity was 75.7 %, the agreement rate was 75.4%,and the Kappa value was 0.489. CONCLUSION The simple screening table for POP in senior people based on the percentage of height loss and body weight is simple, economic, suitable for both men and women, and is useful in basic public health.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

Maffucci syndrome is characterized by multiple enchondromas and multiple hemangiomas. Here we report on a 24-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome. Our report reviews the literature and outlines of the treatment and management plans for patients with this rare and potentially dangerous disease.

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness and safety of initiating biphasic insulin aspart 30 in patients who were poorly controlled on oral glucose-lowering drugs were studied in randomized controlled trials, while results from clinical practice remain limited. This subgroup analysis was to provide such findings from a large-scale non-interventional study.

METHODSA1chieve was a multinational, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, 24-week study in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin analogues in 28 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America. After physician had taken the decision to use this insulin, any patient with type 2 diabetes who was not treated with or who had started the study insulin within 4 weeks before inclusion was eligible. Patients were treated with study insulin alone or in combination with oral glucose-lowering drugs. Data on adverse drug reactions, hypoglycemia and glycemic control were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. This is a report of a Chinese subgroup analysis from the A1chieve study.

RESULTSTotally, 4 100 patients constituted this subgroup. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported. Rates of total, major, nocturnal hypoglycemic events (events/patient per year) were 1.47, 0.10, 0.31 at baseline and 1.35, 0.00, 0.22 at week 24, respectively. Glycemic control was improved as measured by hemoglobin A1c (mean 9.3% to 7.0%, reduction -2.3%), fasting plasma glucose (mean 10.2 to 6.8 mmol/L, reduction -3.5 mmol/L) and postprandial plasma glucose (mean 14.4 to 8.8 mmol/L, reduction -5.6 mmol/L), all P < 0.001. Change in mean body weight was +0.3 kg (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn this subgroup analysis of the A1chieve study, biphasic insulin aspart 30 improved glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Biphasic Insulins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Aspart ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Insulin, Isophane ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies