BACKGROUND: It was reported that the reason why the fracture healing become more and more difficult with the increasing age may be associated with the varied gene regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteoblast and lipoblast. However, the exact mechanism under it remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the age-related changes on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and core binding α1 (Cbfα1) with the age-relatad fracture healing impairment, we studied the expression changes of PPARγ and Cbfα1 during aging fracture healing.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized control animal trial was performed in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between October 2007 and Febuary 2008. MATERIALS: Six male SD rats of 3 months and the other six of 23 months, randomly-selected, were divided into two groups: the old experiment group (23 months) and the young control group (3 months). METHODS: Transverse osteotomies on the middle-upper parts of left tibiae were performed to the rats, with the self-made extemal mini-fixator implanted there simultaneously. Tractions were taken twice a day (0.2 mm/d) for 14 days from day 2 till day 15 post operation. On day 15 post operation, rats were sacrificed to harvest left tibea samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Both imaging examination and histological observation were performed to the fractures of rats. The PPARγ and Cbfα1 expression were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. RESULTS: All samples were involved in the results analyses. The imaging examination showed that many osteotylus generated between the broken ends of fractures in the young control group; that the bone formation of the young control group was much better than that of the old experiment group. The histological observation showed that large amounts of osteotylus growth occurred to every animal in the young control group and their membrane bone formation was remarkable; comparatively, the osteotylus growth in the old group was weakened dramatically, and only fibrous joints were seen. The RT-PCR detection showed that differences of significance existed in both PPARγ and Cbfα1 mRNA expressions between the two groups, with the much higher Cbfol mRNA expression in the bone marrow of rats in the young group and the much higher PPARy mRNA expression in the bone marrow of rats in the old group.CONCLUSION: Rats of different ages show different fracture healing abilities, i.e. the higher ages, the lower fracture healing abilities. In addition, expressions of PPARγ and Cbfα1 in the bone marrow of rats alter with the increasing age, which indicates that there are certain associations between the changed expression level of the two factors and the fracture healing impartment.

SUMMARY Delayed postoperative spinal epidural hematoma(DPSEH) is a rare and potentially devastating complication of laminoplasty, and cervical nerve root palsy occurs more frequently than DPSEH, especially with C5 nerve root palsy. The authors describe a case of DPSEH with C5 nerve root palsy that developed in a patient 3 days after he underwent laminoplasty. In this case, a 78-year-old man with a history that having taken Aspirin without the doctor’s instruction for 5-6 years,he underwent cervical laminoplasty for mild myelopathy. On the 3rd postoperative day, he complained of weakness of his left upper extremity and could not raise his left arm. The symptom aggravated in the next few days. On the 9th postoperative day, there was an obvious motor deficit of both upper and lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal characteristics consistent with a hematoma at levels C3-C4, compressing spinal cord. The clot was evacuated during emergency revision surgery, and the postoperative course after the operation was uneventful and the muscle strength was improved five days later. Therefore, the symptoms of DPSEH are not so typical that its possibility should be kept in mind. Sometimes a differential diagnosis should be made with C5 nerve root palsy which may only represent weakness of upper extremities. The authors recommend that magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of DPSEH and a revision surgery should be taken as soon as possible once the hematoma causing the neurologic deterioration was confirmed.

AIM:To study the protective effect and mechanism of Gujingdan(Radix Astragali,Fructus Alpiniae oxyphyllae,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Herba Epimedii,Semen Euryales,etc.) on the acute renal injury caused by Gentamicin in rats.METHODS:90 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,pathologic model group,preventive group which included high,middle and low dosages of Gujingdan(4 g/kg,2 g/kg,1 g/kg) and positive control group which was treated with Shenkangning(2 g/kg) and treated group which included the same groups as the preventive group.The preventive groups were respectively given Gujingdan and Shenkangning for two weeks and ahead one week.On the seventh day,except the normal group the others were continuously injected gentamicin by abdominal cavity(100 mg/kg/day) seven days.At the same time,the treated group were given Gujingdan and Shenkangning by ig for seven days.When the experiment was over,the content of ?-N-acetyglocosamidase(NAG),serum creatinine(SCR) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were examined,and the renal histological changes were observed.RESULTS:NAG,BUN,SCR of the groups which were treated with Gujingdan were remarkly lower than that of the pathologic model group;SOD、ATP were higher and MDA was lower than that of the model group.Histological changes showed that renal tubular epithelial cells of the groups treated with Gujingdan were similar to the changes of normal group and much better than that of positive group and pathologic model group.CONCLUSION:Gujingdan has the protective effect on acute renal injury caused by Gentamicin.The mechanism may be that Gujingdan has the function of inhibiting oxidation,protecting and stabilizing cell membrane.

BACKGROUND:Massive blood loss was caused by an over-reactive fibrinolytic system, as a sequence of tourniquet usage and surgery trauma in total knee arthroplasty. As an antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid has been proven to decrease not only the obvious and total blood loss, but also the ratio of alograft blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the effect of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty had not been clarified yet. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:Clinical data of 54 patients who received primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Third Hospital, Peking University from June to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to the use of tranexamic acid. 22 patients in the tranexamic acid group were given 2 g tranexamic acid by intravenous infusion during surgery. 32 patients in the control group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. Patients in both groups were oraly given anticoagulant rivaroxaban after replacement. Hemoglobin level and blood hematocrit were recorded before and after surgery for 5 consecutive days. The total amount of blood loss and hidden blood loss were calculated by using Cross equation. The difference in the amount of blood loss was compared between the two groups. Lower extremity venous ultrasound examination was conducted at 1 week after replacement to determine deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in general data and perioperative conditions was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative drainage, dominant blood loss, total blood volume, the amount of autologous blood transfusion and the amount of alogeneic blood transfusion were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Gross formula, the difference of hidden blood loss was statisticaly significant between the tranexamic acid group (302.9±189.9) mL and the control group (596.8±271.4) mL (P < 0.05). Deep vein thrombosis appeared in one case between the two groups after replacement. Results indicate that intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid dramaticaly decreased the hidden blood loss in unilateral total knee arthroplasty, reduced alogeneic blood transfusion, and simultaneously did not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb.

Objective:To compare the pain control efficiency of continuous adductor canal block (ACB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) in total knee arthroplasty.Methods:From April to September 2016,patients with severe knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were prospectively observed,and all the patients were randomized received ultrasound-guided continuous ACB or FNB after surgery.Numeric pain rating scales (NPRS)pain scores in rest and activity 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after surgery were collected,and the preoperative and postoperative quadriceps strength at 24 and 48 h were analyzed.Opioids consumption and anesthesia related adverse effects were also recorded.Results:In the study,40 patients were enrolled,with 20 patients in each group,male ∶female =7 ∶ 33,the age:(63.8 ± 10.1) years,and the body mass index (BMI):(28.5 ± 3.5) kg/ m2.The general conditions were comparable between the two groups.Though the rest pain 2 h after surgery [ACB =0.0(0,6),FNB =3.0(0,5),P=0.004] and activity pain 12 h post operation [ACB =3.0(3,0),FNB =5.5(0,10),P =0.004] were lower in ACB group compared with FNB group,there was no statistical difference in the other pain checking points between the two groups.The quadriceps strength 24 h and 48 h after surgery were (85.3-± 27.6) N and (80.0 ± 30.1) N in ACB group,(69.0 ± 29.4) N and (64.4 ± 32.0) N in FNB group,both of them were declined by time.The exact data were higher in ACB group,however,there was no statistical difference between the two group by repeated measurements variance analysis(F =2.703,P =0.108).Four patients in ACB group and five in FNB acquired additional use of dolantin once (100 mg/per time) within 24 h.And among them,three patients acquired once dolantin in ACB,two in FNB,from 24 to 48 h postoperation.There were five patients who suffered nausea postoperation in ACB group,and one who reported xerostomia.Four patients in FNB had nausea with vomiting,and three experienced xerostomia.Deep vein thrombosis appeared in 2 patients in FNB group,but no one in ACB group.Conclusion:Continuous ACB is not superior in pain control after TKA compared with FNB,and the quadriceps strength could be reserved more by this method,which performed early benefits in fast rehabilitation.

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of the tibial coronal alignment after total knee arthro-plasty with the extramedullary cutting system guided by the tibial tubercle and anterior tibial tendon,and to discuss the potential risk factors for the postoperative malalignment.Methods:A retrospective study of 212 primary unilateral TKA surgeries (in 188 patients)in our hospital between June to December in 2014 had been analysed.All the cases were performed by one surgical group.An extramedullary tibial cutting guide system had been used,with a landmark of one third inner-medial tibial tubercle as a proxi-mal anatomy reference,and anterior tibial tendon as a distal marker.The mechanical axis of lower ex-tremity in full-length X-ray was measured before surgery,and the tibial prosthetic coronal alignment was checked two weeks postoperation,evaluating the accuracy of this extramedullary cutting system guided by our method.Results:Since good alignment was defined as an angle within 3 degrees of the perpendicular to the mechanical axis,the tibial component positions were acceptable in 191 knees (90.1%),five knees were in valgus postoperative,and sixteen knees were in varus.There were seventeen(8.7%)in 179 knees with a preoperative varus presented malalignment after surgery,and four in 12 preoperative valgus kneess howed malalignment also,no statistical difference was found by Chi-square test (χ2 =2.778,P=0.096),which cannot define the relationship between the varus or valgus deformity preopera-tion and the malalignmentposition in tibial prosthesis after surgery.Twenty-two knees suffered a severe preoperative deformity as a varus or valgus angle larger than 20 degrees with absolute value of mechanical axis before surgery and tibial prosthetic coronal alignment were 21.95°(20.00°,26.90°)and 1.85° (0.10°,7.10°),showed a significant difference (Z =2.11,P =0.035 )compared with the data [10.65°(0.50°,19.80°)in preoperative mechanical axis and 1.10°(0.00°,4.60°)in the tibial pros-thetic coronal alignment]of 190 knees who presented a mild deformity before surgery(less than 20 de-grees),the result indicated the severe preoperative deformity might be a potential mal-alignment risk fac-tor within this cutting system in TKA surgery.Conclusion:The tibial coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty could achieve good results with extramedullary cutting guide,by using one third inner-medial tibial tubercle and anterior tibial tendon as a proximal and distal anatomy marker.Postoperative varus might occur in this system,and tibial prosthetic malalignment appeared more often in the patients who suffered a severe deformity before surgery.

Objective To observe the impact of improving the compliance of ventilator bundle on morbidity of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) guided by context of Joint Commission International (JCI) settings, and to study the oral care efficacy of suction tube sponge brush. Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients who needed MV admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2013 to December 2016 were enrolled. In the context of JCI settings, necessary measurements were taken to enhance the compliance of ventilator bundle each year. In 2013, the preventive measures were set up and the education was strengthened. In 2014,the compliance of hand hygiene and bedside elevation was strengthened. In 2015, a control study was conducted to evaluate the effect between the traditional cotton dipped in chlorhexidine and the suction tube sponge brush rinsed with chlorhexidine on oral health impact parameters. The suction tube sponge brush rinsed with chlorhexidine oral care was introduced to improve compliance. In 2016, electronic bundle checklist for daily self-audits was conducted. The annually morbidity of VAP through the software of hospital and ICU was collected and calculated. The annual incidence of VAP was indicated by the VAP cases per 1000 MV days. Based on the VAP incidence rate in 2013 as 1, the VAP incidence-rate ratio (IRR) of each year was calculated. Results During the study period, a total of 2733 patients admitted to the ICU, including 1403 patients undergoing MV. Ninety-four of the 1403 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), aspiration pneumonia, back elevation ban, incomplete information, and withdrew from the study were excluded. 1399 patients undergoing MV were enrolled in the final analysis, with total MV days of 11012 days, and 94 patients occurred VAP. The annual incidence of VAP was progressively declined from 2013 to 2016, and the VAP cases per 1000 MV days were 17.0, 10.0, 5.9, 3.5 cases, respectively. Based on the VAP incidence rate in 2013, the IRR of VAP from 2014 to 2016 was also progressively declined, which was 0.59 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.35-0.98], 0.35 (95%CI = 0.18-0.64), and 0.21 (95%CI = 0.09-0.41), with statistical significance (all P < 0.05). In 2013, ICU patients had the lowest rates of bedside elevation and hand hygiene compliance, which were 28.57% and 54.29%, respectively. Compared with 2013, by the implementation of two quality control circle (QCC) projects for bedside elevation and hand hygiene, the rates of bedside elevation and hand hygiene compliance were improved significantly in 2014, which were 82.35%, 91.18%, respectively (both P < 0.05). In 2015, the compliance of chlorhexidine oral care which was the worst performed in 2014 had been improved by the method of QCC, and the rate of the compliance was significantly higher than that in 2013 (87.10% vs. 62.86%, P < 0.05). Compared with 2013, bundle compliance was significantly increased in 2016, except for the sterile operation of the suction tube [daily wake and weaning: 95.00% vs. 71.43%, bedside elevation for over 30°: 92.50% vs. 28.57%, hand hygiene: 97.50% vs. 54.29%, chlorhexidine mouth care once per 6-8 hours:95.00% vs. 62.86%, turned back and posture drainage: 97.50% vs. 80.00%], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The incidences of bad breath, dirt residue and plaque were significantly lower in the group of oral care by using suction tube sponge brush with chlorhexidine (30 cases) compared with the group of traditional cotton pad with chlorhexidine (30 cases; bad breath: 10.0% vs. 40.0% %, dirt residue: 16.7% vs. 70.0%, plaque: 3.3% vs. 30.0%, all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of oral ulcers between the oral brush group and the traditional group (10.0% vs. 30.0%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Ventilator bundle can effectively reduce the morbidity of VAP in the context of JCI settings, and the oral care by using suction tube sponge brush and chlorhexidine can effectively improve oral hygiene.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the causes of unscheduled suspension of knee and hip arthroplasty and to provide the method for optimizing the patient's pre-operative management and improving the efficiency of medical resources as well as the patient's satisfaction.Methods: The data for this report was retrospectively collected from September 2013 to August 2014 in our hospital,from cases of knee and hip arthroplasty that were suspended before the scheduled operation time.Acquisition data from the collected cases including the patients' gender,age and the surgical procedure.At the same time,the suspension reasons were recorded and analyzed.All the decisions of suspension was made by the surgeons and the anesthesiologists according to the abnormal result of preoperative examinations,after communicating with the patients and their families and obtaining their understandings.Results: In the collecting period,our department scheduled 1 146 cases of knee and hip arthroplasty,among which 1 003 were completed,143 suspended (12.5％ suspension rate).Among the causes of suspension,the top four common causes were cardiovascular disease (44/143,31％),other infections (20/143,14％),bacteriuria (18/143,13％) and inappropriate surgical indication (16/143,11％).Other causes include surgeon's reason,Blood system abnormalities,high inflammatory index,deep vein thrombosis,other diseases uncontrolled,abnormal liver function and poor diabetes mellitus control,etc.For the rate of suspension,there was no significant difference between the patients with different genders (male: 15.0％,and female: 11.7％,P=0.149),or age (≤50 years: 13.0％;51-65 years: 11.6％;66-80 years 13.3％;>80 years 11.1％;P=0.864).However compared with knee arthroplasty,hip arthroplasty had a higher suspension rate (knee arthroplasry 11.1％,hip arthroplasry 16.1％,P=0.021).Conclusion: It is important to educate and manage the patients before their knee and hip arthroplasty.Through clear diagnosis,detailed medical history analysis careful physical examination,and targeted outpatient examinations and tests for which priority was focused on cardiovascular or other system diseases we could minimize the occurrence of operative suspension post hospitalization,therefore improving the efficiency of the use of medical resources.

Objective To approach the effects of full Marathon on striated muscle and renal function of Marathon amateurs without complaints. Methods A prospective self-paired design study was conducted. The amateurs without body discomfort, hematuria, brown urine, or persistent muscle pain within 1 week after the 2012 Xiamen International Marathon Race were enrolled voluntarily. The peripheral blood and random urine specimens of all subjects under static status 1 week before the race and after the race instantly (within 10 minutes after finishing the race) were collected to detect markers of renal function and striated muscle injury. Results Sixty-one subjects were included in the final analysis of the study with full Marathon of 42.195 km and mean race time of (297.05± 55.60) minutes. Compared with those under static status before the race, the markers of renal function including the levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucusamidase [NAG (U/L): 64.00 (54.50, 85.50) vs. 9.50 (8.10, 11.50)], urinary β2-microspheres protein [β2-MG (μg/L): 261.00 (128.50, 1 608.00) vs. 66.60 (33.75, 123.00)], random urinary creatinine [UCr (μmol/L): 19 066.56±10 938.31 vs. 5 872.52±4 363.20] and serum creatinine [SCr (μmol/L): 129.97±25.84 vs. 97.39±14.51] immediately after the race were significantly increased (all P < 0.01); the markers of muscle injury including the levels of serum creatine kinase [CK (U/L): 864.00 (504.00, 1 644.00) vs. 164.00 (128.00, 256.00)], lactic dehydrogenase [LDH (U/L): 383.26±141.69 vs. 182.23±41.12], myoglobin [Mb (mg/L): 1 880.00 (1 080.00, 3 300.00) vs. 42.00 (36.00, 54.50)], alanine aminotransferase [ALT (U/L): 27.0 (19.5, 38.0) vs. 24.0 (15.0, 29.5)] and aspartate transaminase [AST (U/L): 52.07±25.13 vs. 28.28±11.86] were also significantly increased (all P < 0.01), and the increase in CK, Mb, and LDH were more significant. It was shown by correlation analysis that CK after race was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.352, P = 0.005) and body mass index (r = -0.271, P = 0.035), and it was positively correlated with racing time (r = 0.387, P = 0.002) and urinary β2-MG after the race instantly (r = 0.364, P = 0.004). Mb after race was negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.331, P = 0.009), and it was positively correlated with urinary β2-MG after the race instantly (r = 0.315, P = 0.013). LDH after race was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.275, P = 0.032) and body mass index (r = -0.377, P = 0.003), and it was positively correlated with urinary β2-MG after the race instantly (r = 0.424, P = 0.001). Conclusion Full Marathon could significantly impact striated muscle and renal function of Marathon amateurs without complaints.

Objective To assess metabolic state in patients with Roux-y sigmoid neobladder.Methods The study comprised 33 patients(21 men and 12 women) with Roux-y sigmoid neobladder after oneological sur-gery.All enrolled patients were treated by the same protocol.Before and after withdrawing the catheter , serum e-lectrolytes, ereatinine and urea were analysed and used to assess the effect.Results All 33 patients were evalu-able.Before and after withdrawing the catheter , serum electrolytes, creatinine and urea were normal values and there was no signifcant difference(P >0.05).Three patients developed mild metabolic acidosis.Conclusions The Roux-y sigmoid neobladder is a feasible , safe and effective method for continent urinary diversion.This surgi-cal technique had no signifcant effect on metabolic state.