The mass epidemic of SARS in China during the spring of year 2003 reveals defects in the guidelines for Chinese public health policy. During the marketizing process of Chinese economy, our government neglected the vital importance of public health to national security, which led to insufficient investment in public health, negligence of prophylaxis and lack of effective measures to deal with emergency cases. It constitutes the underlying cause of the mass epidemic of SARS. Therefore, we must amend our public health policy and reconstruct our public health system to secure the ultimate interest of the utmost majority of our people.

China has already become a country with large scale liver transplantation in the world in 2004. However, against the background of severe inequity in health care resource allocation, what hides behind the great increase of liver transplantation surgeries is a sharp ethical conflict. Organ transplantation is a high - tech operation, which has not only technical requirements but also ethical requirements. The obtaining of organs must follow ethical principles; the decision about the recipients must follow both medical and social standards; the benefit for the recipient must exceed the loss for the provider; justice must be sought in organ allocation. Therefore, liver transplantations that do not accord with medical indications are against bioethical principles. The zeal for liver transplantation doesnt fit into the situation of our country at all. The source of organs must be controlled according to internationally recognized ethical principles, the ethical training for surgeons must be strengthened, so that the development of liver transplantation in China can be in a healthy track.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of early postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe clinical data of 159 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 2005 to October 2010 was analyzed retrospectively.The related factors of early postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence rate of early postoperative complications was 30.8％ (49/159).Univariate analysis showed that preoperative fasting blood glucose level,total serum bilirubin level,serum albumin level,high density lipoproteins level and intraoperative bleeding were closely correlated with early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＜ 0.05),but gender,age,preoperative jaundice,history of diabetes mellitus,operation time and whether portal vein reconstruction were no significantly associated with early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative fasting blood glucose level( ≥6.1 mmol/L),total serum bilirubin level ( ≥ 171 μ mol/L) and serum albumin level( ＜ 35 g/L) were the important independent risk factors of early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.ConclusionThe risk factors of pancreaticoduodenectomy should be fully recognized and dealt with promptly.

Objective To study the expression of CD105 and CD31 and relationship with the biological behavior in gastric cancer tissue. Methods Immunochemical method was adopted to detect the microvessel density(MVD) of CD105 and CD31 in 63 cases of gastric cancer and 20 cases of chronic gastritis. Results The mean value of CD105-MVD and CD31-MVD were respectively 40.97?15.67 and 25.87?10.54 in gastric cancer, which was higher than those in chronic gastritis, the difference was significant (P 0.05). Conclusion CD105 was better than CD31 in staining gastric cancer tissue. Expression of CD105 was closely related to the biological behavior of gastric cancer; detection of CD105 was recommended to precisely assess tumor stage, direct cancer therapy and predict prognosis.

Based on the review of the existing evidence of the research on the hospital management institutional ethics , this paper found researches in this area in the last two decades focused on the concept and level definition of hospital management institutional ethics;the construction of hospital management institutional ethics;the value and function of hospital management institutional ethics, and the reason and result of lack of hospital management insti-tutional ethics. On this basis, it pointed out the deficiency of the current researches and outlook the prospects.

Through the problem of gene-related clinical and scientific studies reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Shanghai Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this article discussed and summarized main points of clinical gene-related studies such as participants have indepen-dent rights, which were the choice of being told the research results and the donors of Biobank have rights for option in or out. The clinical gene-related studies should pay attention to the protection of genetic resources dur-ing the study, fairness of genetic research findings' usage. And on this basis, in order to facilitate the effective operation of the researchers, key elements of the gene-related research projects were developed in the design plan and informed consent. Finally, the importance and implementation of relevant standardization system construction were also emphasized .

Nurses often face ethical dilemmas in clinical practice,originating from nurses themselves,nursing measures,and nursing management as well.Only by correctly recognizing and analyzing the causes of ethical dilemmas in nursing care,can help nurses get out of the ethical dilemmas and make reasonable ethical decisions in nursing care.

s Objective To investigate the predictive value of maternal serum C reactive protein,IL 6 and glucose concentration for the early intrauterine infection in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes(PPROM).Methods Amniotic fluid(AF) was collected from patients with PPROM,IL 6,glucose concentration,anti Chlamycdia trachomatis, anti lytomegalovirus IgM and ureaplasma urealytiaum were detected and cultured.Results The most sensitive test was AF IL 6 determination(P

Objective To investigate the psycho-social factors related to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD).Methods Using Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), Coping styles questionnaire (CSQ), Life events scale (LES) and Social support rating scale (SSRS) to study psycho-social factors in FGD patients. The results were compared with normal controls.Results The number of FGD patients who possessed introversion and neurosis personality was significant higher than the controls (P

Objective: To understand the medical staff' cognition of medicalethics.Method: Descriptive study and various analysis were performed. Results: Four aspects including the understanding of hospital Ethic Review Committee, the status of medical ethics education, the understanding of medical ethics in clinic and research, the requirement of medical ethics training were surveyed among the medical staff in five hospitals. Conclusion: The influence of medical ethics in clinical practice and medical research were greatly improved. The hospital Ethic Review Committee should be strengthened and a lot of works was needed for medical ethics education.