Objective To observe pathological features of liver injury induced by Helicobacter hepaticus ( H.hepaticus) and the difference between male and female BALB/cCr mice.Methods Fifty SPF-class BALB/cCr mice (25 males and 25 females) were administrated by gavage with 0.2 mL bacterial suspension (1 ×108 CUF/ml) of H.hepaticus standard strain ATCC 51450 for 3 times with 48 h intervals. The control group (25 males and 25 females) received same volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Mice were sacrificed in batches ( n=5) after fasting for 12 h at month 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used to determine the serum level of H.hepaticus IgG antibodies.Liver tissue samples were taken for histopathology examiantion, micro-aerobic bacteria isolation, culture and identification.t test was used to analyze the differences in serum levels of H.hepaticus IgG antibody and liver histopathologic scores between different time points and groups. Results The seroprevalance of H. hepaticus-IgG antibody in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus were all positive, peaked at 6 month, and then gradually declined.H.hepaticus-IgG antibody levels at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month were higher than that at 1 month (t=2.828, 4.300, 3.536 and 4.500, P<0.05).Only one female BALB/cCr mouse infected with H.hepaticus was positive for H.hepaticus-IgG antibody at 9 and 12 month.H.hepaticus colonization in liver was observed in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus since month 3, while it was not observed in female BALB/cCr mice.Compared with femle mice, the histopathologic scores of liver in male mice infected were much higher at all time points (t=2.598,7.770,7.987,10.850 and 12.260, P<0.05 or P<0.01) .Liver histopathologic scores increased in male mice as infection time extended within 6 months (t=4.949, P<0.01), but not during 6 and 12 month (t=1.052, P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with female mice, H.hepaticus colonization and histopathologic changes in liver are more significant in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus, and the histological scores are increased as infection time extended.

BACKGROUND: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs is one of the severe complications of total hip replacement (THR)during the perioperative period. The incidence rate was high. The effect of primary disease on the DVT after THR in the elderly remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of primary disease on DVT after THR in the elderly.METHODS: 147 cases with unilateral THR aged 64-93 years, were included and divided into two groups. Fracture group contained 68 cases, which of them were all traumatic femoral neck fracture ones. Osteopathia group contained 79 cases, and they had no traumatic injury. We selected total hip prostheses according to their physiological age, preoperative socialization ability,substantia ossea and life expectancy. Biological prosthesis in 5 cases and mixed prosthesis in 12 cases were used, while the others used bone cement prosthesis. If the patient had pain and/or swelling on the injured limb, with or without Homans/Neuhofs sign, we did the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler to examine whether the patient had got DVT.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the fracture group, 32 cases had swelling in the injured limbs, and 20 cases with pain, 15 cases with Homans/Neuhofs sign, and 29 DVT cases were confirmed by the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler. One femoral neck fracture case of THR had no DVT clinical signs and was dead 17 days later. The autopsy found that it was an mixed type combined of pulmonary embolism; Osteopathia group: 20 cases had swelling in the injured limbs, and 11 cases of pain, 9 cases of Homans/Neuhofs sign, 20 DVT cases were confirmed by the pressurized ultrasonic Doppler. The blood coagulation state was greater, and the incidence rate of DVT in the lower limbs was greater in the fracture group compared with osteopathia group (P ＜ 0.05). These indicated that femoral neck fracture is a high risk factor for DVT development in lower limb affer THR in the elderly.