The combination of chemotherapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab which prolong the survival time in the past few years have been widely adopted for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.However,a large number of patients develop resistance to these agents,while there is no standard treatment after acquired resistance yet.Therefore,finding out the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance and putting forward reasonable methods to overcome the acquired resistance will be improve its curative effect.

Objective:To investigate the anti-hCG antibody level in vaginal lavage fluid after vaginal mucosa immunization with the recombinant lactobacillus excreting the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, hCG?.Methods:The recombinant Lb. casei hCG? was passaged in MRS containing no Erythromycin for 50 generations to get continual secretion. Radio immunol assay(RIA) was used to determine the level of hCG? in the supernatant. Mice of 8 weeks old were immunized with the recombinant continual expressing strain through vaginal inoculation. Two weeks later, level of the hCG? and anti-hCG? IgA antibody in the vaginal lavage was determined by radio-immunology assay and indirect ELISA respectively.Results:The hCG? was secreted by Lb. casei continually. The recombinant hCG? and anti-hCG? IgA antibody in the vaginal lavage were higher than the negative control group(P

Objective: To observe the effect of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on serum sex hormone and uterus index of ovariectomized rats with kidney-yin deficiency. Methods: 3-month years old femal SD rats which were ovariectomized were divided randomLy into 6 groups: ovariectomized, Baihe Zhimu DecoctionⅠ, Baihe Zhimu DecoctionⅡ, Baihe Zhimu Decoction Ⅲ, Baihe Zhimu Decoction Ⅳ, then the normal group was set. The rats were induced to kidney-yin deficiency by using etraiodothyronine, then ig Baihe Zhimu Decoction for 4 weeks. The levels of sex hormone E2, FSH, LH in serum were detected and the indexes of uterus were caculated to observe the effect of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on sexual hormone and sexual organ in ovariectomized rats with kidney-yin deficiency. Results: Compared with normal group, the index of uterus and E2 level declined, and the level of FSH and LH increased (P

Aim To evaluate the effects of ferulic acid ( FA ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced neuroin-flammation in microglia cells and its potential mecha-nisms. Methods Microglial activation was induced by stimulation with LPS, and the effects of FA pretreat-ment on microglial activation and production of proin-flammatory mediators, nitric oxide/iNOS were investi-gated. The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases in the antiinflammatory actions of FA in LPS-stimulated microglia was further elucidated. Results Cell viabil-ity experiments revealed that FA did not produce cyto-toxicity in microglia. FA significantly inhibited LPS-in-duced production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1β) , and nitric oxide ( NO ) . Protein and mRNA levels of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) were also attenuated by FA. Further experi-ments on intracellular signalling mechanisms showed that inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase ( ERK) contributed to the anti-neuroinflammatory actions of FA. Conclusion The results suggest that FA inhibits LPS-induced microglial inflammation by partial targe-ting of ERK signalling and attenuation of ERK.

Objective To research the lymphatic tropism and lymph cell apoptosis of cisplatin-nano carbon suspension in rats with the aim of proposing a new way for chemotherapy.Methods A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups.For the experimental group,cisplatin-nano carbon suspension 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected subcutaneously into Wistar rats' plantar.For the control group,cisplatin 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected intravenously.Cisplatin concentration in the inguinal lymphatic tissue and plasma was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours after drug administration.The apoptosis of lymph cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).Targeting ability were evaluated and compared by targeting index (TI),selecting index (SI) and relative extraction efficiency (RE).SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the differentiation of the cisplatin concentration and apoptosis index (AI) among various groups.DAS software was used to evaluate the lymphatic tropism.Results The cisplatin concentration of lymphatic tissue in experimental group were respectively (1.03±0.32),(3.00±0.91),(2.20±0.73),(1.56±0.38),(1.30±0.74) and (0.78±0.34) μg/g after administration 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours,while in control group were (0.49±0.21),(1.02±0.70),(0.59±0.50),(0.56±0.21),(0.47±O.18) and (0.36±0.13) μg/g,in which there were significant difference at every times (all P＜0.05) except at 1 hour (P=0.173).The cisplatin concentration in plasma were significant higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at various times (all P＜0.05),the former were respectively (0.57±0.28),(1.22±0.45),(0.61 ±0.18),(0.51 ±0.13),(0.45 ±0.13) and (0.40±0.07) μg/ml,while the latter were respectively (3.12± 0.33),(4.09± 0.48),(2.56 ± 0.38),(2.05 ± 0.13),(1.81 ± 0.28) and (1.44± 0.40) μg/ml.Values of TI were respectively 2.12,2.93,3.73,2.78,2.76 and 2.19 and SI were 1.80,2.45,3.63,3.07,2.86 and 1.93.Value of RE was 2.86.The AI in experimental group were respectively (16.5±5.2)％,(30.2±2.8)％,(51.7±4.3)％,(69.8±3.2)％,(80.1 ±4.3)％ and (89.7±8.5)％,while in control group were respectively(1.3±0.8)％,(2.4±1.7)％,(3.2±1.1)％,(3.9±2.6)％,(5.1±2.1)％ and (6.3±2.3)％,in which there were significant difference at every points (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The nano carbon has the character of lymphatic tropism,and could send cisplatin to lymphatic tissue to achieve a higher concentration.The trait may break a new way for chemotherapy targeting lymph metastasis.

Objective To study the effect of Smad4 gene on angiogenesis related factors in human gastric cancer cell line.Methods Recombinant eukaryotie expressing plasmid pcDNA3.1 (-)-Smad4 containing Smad4 gene and empty vector pcDNA3.1 (-) were introduced into human gastric cancer cell line MKN28 using lipofectam and selected by G418,respectively.Two cell lines were obtained as follows:Smad4+-MKN28 cell line which was MKN28 transfected with a stable hybrid containing Smad4 gene and Smad4--MKN28 cell line with empty plasmid as control.The transcription and expression of VEGF and TSP1 were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The mRNA expression of TSP1 in Smad4+-MKN28 cells was higher (P＜0.05) than that in control cells,while VEGF was lower(P＜0.05).Western blot showed the consistent results as measurement by RT-PCR.Conclusion Smad4 restoration in gastric cancer cells reduced angiogenesis rates through down-regulation of angiogenesis activitor and up-regulation of angiogenesis inhibitor.

Background and purpose: Preemptive analgesia is one of the strategies to treat postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. This study was designed to explore whether the method of flurbiprofen axetil injection combined with bilateral cervical plexus nerve block in thyroid carcinoma surgery as multimodal preemptive analgesia can serve as a better analgesia. Methods: Sixty patients with thyroid carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in Group A were treated with flurbiprofen axetil injection combined with bilateral cervical plexus nerve block as multimodal preemptive analgesia. Patients in Group B were anesthetized with bilateral cervical plexus nerve block. General anesthesia alone was used in patients of Group C. The onset time of nerve block, operation time, extubation time and dosage of fentanyl were recorded. The VAS (visual analogue scale) was used to evaluate the pain level, the side effects of drugs were also analyzed. Results: The onset time of nerve block in Group A, Group B were (7.47±1.04) min and (8.75±1.36) min, repectively (P<0.05). The dosage of fentanyl n Group A, B and C were (0.36±0.04) mg, (0.40±0.06) mg and (0.45±0.07) mg, respectively (Group A vs Group B P<0.05; Group A vs Group C, P<0.01).VAS scores of patients in Group C were higher than both Group A and B at 4,8 h after operation. Moreover, patients in Group B got higher VAS scores than that of Group A at 8 h. The side effects of both Group A and B were much less serious than that of Group C. Conclusion: Flurbiprofen axetil injection combined with bilateral cervical plexus nerve block as multimodal preemptive analgesia during thyroid carcinoma surgery can supply better analgesia and opioid-sparing effects, with less side effects.

Objective:Investigating the expression of HIV-1 co-receptors CXCR4,CCR5 and chemoking SDF-1 in human placentae and trophoblasts is to explore the mechanism of in-utero transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1).Methods:Using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,detected the transcripts of CXCR4,CCR5 in placenta tissues and trophoblasts.Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the expression of CXCR4,CCR5 in primary cultured first trimester trophoblasts and villous tissue.Also the expression of SDF-1 in villi of first trimester,and the presence of SDF-1 in the culture of isolated trophoblasts were examined by in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:CXCR4 and CCR5 mRNA were detected in placentae of various gestational phases and in first trimester trophoblasts.However,primary cultured trophoblasts were found to be reactive only with antibodies against CXCR4.In the villous tissue sections,CXCR4 was found in trophoblasts,while CCR5 in stromal cell and/or Hofbauer cell.First trimester trophoblasts expressed SDF-1 strongly and secreted SDF-1 in vitro.Conclusion:CXCR4 and CCR5 were expressed in placentae.Hence,they maybe involved in in-utero transmission of HIV-1 as co-receptors.However,SDF-1 expressed in trophoblasts may protect fetus from being invaded by X4-HIV-1.R5-HIV-1 may infect CCR5+ stromal cells and/or Hofbauer cells through placental disruptions.

Objective To evaluate the safety of compound Qinghuang powder for myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS). Methods A total of108 patients with MDSwere collected, 60 patients were treated with Qinghuang powder(Qinghuang powder group)and 48 with compound Qinghuang powder(compound Qinghuang group). The treatment time of 3 months was as one course, and all the patients were treated for more than one course. The patients who developed adverse reactions in the Qinghuang powder group changed to receive compound Qinghuang powder. The adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment. Results The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the compound Qinghuang powder group was significantly lower than that in the Qinghuang powder group(18.75% vs. 41.7%; χ2=6.492, P<0.05). None in the compound Qinghuang powder group and 3 patients in the compound Qinghuang powder group developed moderate to severe adverse reactions. The incidences of various adverse reactions in the compound Qinghuang powder group were lower than those in the Qinghuang powder group, especially, lower limb swelling (4.17%vs. 25%;χ2=9.205, P<0.05) epigastric discomfort(18.75% vs. 41.67%; χ2=6.492, P<0.05). Twenty patients who developed adverse reactions in the Qinghuang powder group changed to receive compound Qinghuang powder. Among them, 5 patients (25%) maintained adverse reactions. The various adverse reactions after changing to compound Qinghuang powder were decreased, especially, facial swelling (10% vs. 30%; χ2=2.50, P<0.05), leg swelling (5%vs. 45%;χ2=8.533, P<0.05), and abdominal pain and diarrhea(10%vs. 30%;χ2=2.50, P<0.05). No patient developed liver or kidney dysfunction after the treatment with Qinghuang powder or Compound Qinghuang powder. Conclusion Compound Qinghuang powder is safer than Qinghuang powder in the treatment of MDS.

Objective To evaluate the value of immune cell functional assay (ImmuKnow CD4+ T cell ATP assay) in monitoring immune status in renal recipients.Methods A total of 131 adult renal transplant recipients who received transplantation for the first time were under investigation.According to the dynamic monitoring ATP concentration before operation,2 week,1,3,6 months after operation and during infect or rejection,samples were divided into the following groups:health control group (HC),pretransplant (Pre-Tx) group,stable (Tx) group,infect group,acute rejection (AR) group,acute kidney injury (AKI) group.Immune cell functions were detected by ImmuKnow CD4+ T cell ATP assay.Lymphocyte subsets (CD4+/CD8+) were analysed and serum concentrations of FK506 were tested.Mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) was analysed.Results The ATP concentration was no significant difference between Pre-Tx and HC group.The ATP concentration of 2 weeks,1 months after operation were significantly higher than Pre-Tx group (P ＜ 0.01).After 3 months,6 months follow-up,the ATP concentration stabilized with time.The ATP concentration of AR group was significantly higher than other three groups (Tx,infect and AKI group,all P ＜ 0.05).The correlation coefficient between the ATP concentration and MLR,CD4+/CD8+,FK506 level were R2=0.0072,R2=10-6,R2=0.004 respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The cell-mediated immunity of recipients is relatively strongger during the first month after transplantation.The ATP concentration is not related to the levels of MLR,CD4+/CD8+,FK506.ImmuKnow ATP assay is a valuable predictor in acute rejection diagnosis.