Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations, computed tomography scan (CT), gastroscope, endo-scopic ultrasonography (EUS), and therapy method of gastritis cystica profunda. Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical manifestations, CT, gastroscope, EUS, and pathological results of 6 cases of gastritis cystica profunda. Results In these 6 cases, 3 of them were doubted gastric carcinoma, 3 cases were considered stomach mass by CT. Gastroscope hinted apophysis lesions, but all cases were suggested gastritis cystica profunda by EUS. And all cases were removed through endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Pathology were confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion EUS combined with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or ESD technique can improve the diagnostic rate. For gas-tritis cystica profunda which are not associated with malignant tumor can be treated through ESD.

Obiective To investigate the molecular characteristics of heteroresistant vancomycinintermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA)in China and analyze the differences of the molecular characteristics between hVISA and VSSA(vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus)isolates.Methods A total of 3 15 non-repetitive MBSA were collected from the national surveillance program in China in 2007.The isolates of hVISA were confirmed by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve(PAP-AUC).The genotypes of agr and SCCmec were determined by multiplex PCR,and spa typing was performed bv PCR and DNA sequencing.The pvl gene was detected bv PCR Results The prevalence of hVISA was 9.5%(30/315).Among 315 MRSA,SCCmec Ⅲ was the most popular type,which was found in 234 isolates(234/315,74.3%),followed by SCCmec Ⅱ,which was identified in 56 isolates (56/315,17.8%).The rate of SCCmec Ⅱ in hVISA(46.7%)was significantly hisher than in VSSA (14.7%,X~2=18.93,P＜0.001).The most prevalent agr type among 315 MRSA was agr 1 accounting for 73.6%(232/315).The agr 2 accounted for 18.7%(59/315),and agr 3 and agr 4 were very rare in clinical isolates.It was different in agr types between the two groups.The rate of agr 2 in hVISA(53.4%)was higher than in VSSA(15.1%).X~2 value was 26.08 and P value was less than 0.001 through X~2 test.There was a statistical significance in the result.There were 4 spa types in hVISA isolates,including t002 (13 isolates),t037(9 isolates),t030(6 isolates),and 1548(2 isolates).The pvl positive MRSA isolates were very low,accounting for 1.6%(5/315).Conclusions The prevalence of hVISA was relatively higher in China.Compared to VSSA,the majority(53.4%)of the hVISA strains were agr 2,which was obviously different from VSSA.hVISA isolates were more diverse by spa typing,

OBJECTIVE To investigate predisposing factors of candidemia in nosocomial infections.METHODS To retrospectively review the clinical features of 120 cases,including 59 who developed candidemia and 61 cases with bacteremia during the period of 1990-2004.RESULTS The incidence of candidemia was stable over a 14-year period.Candida albicans remained the predominant Candida species recovered(30.5%),followed by C.tropicalis(25.7%),C.glabrata(12.9%),C.parapsilosis(12.9%) and others(17.1%).Of the total 59 cases of candidemia,were administrated by broad spectrum antibiotic therapy for long time,urinary catheters,malignant tumor,etc.Multivariate analysis showed that candidemia was related with many factors.CONCLUSIONS C.albicans was the major pathogen in our hospital during 14 years;the candidemia is related with the use of quinolones,ventilator,central venous catheters and radiation-chemotherapy(P

Objective To investigate whether macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 ( MALP-2) in-duces the expression of hemoxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) in THP-1 cells and to further elucidate its possible regulatory mechanism for a better understanding of protective response upon mycoplasma infection .Methods THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and stimulated by MALP-2 at different concentrations for 12 h.THP-1 cells were incubated with TLR 2 or TLR6 neutralizing antibodies , or transfected with their dominant negative plasmids to evaluate the effects of TLR 2 and TLR6 on HO-1 expression .Phosphorylation of Akt was detected by Western blot.PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to investigate the role of PI3K in HO-1 expression.Im-munofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay ( EMSA ) were performed to observe the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor Nrf 2.Small interfering RNA ( siRNA) was used to silence the genes encoding Nrf2 and HO-1.Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an inducer of HO-1, was used to treat THP-1 cells.The expression of HO-1 was detected by Western blot .The secretion of TNF-αand IL-1βby THP-1 cells were measured by ELISA .Results MALP-2 induced the expression of HO-1 in THP-1 cells.However, the expression of HO-1 was inhibited by TLR2 and TLR6 neutralizing antibodies and expres-sion of their dominant negative plasmids .Moreover, PI3K pathway was activated by MALP-2, and with the use of PI3K inhibitor, the expression of HO-1 was decreased.The translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and itsDNA-binding activity were enhanced by MALP-2, but were inhibited by the treatment of PI3K inhibitor.Theexpression of HO-1 was significantly down-regulated upon the interference of Nrf2 gene expression withsiRNA.Silenced expression of HO-1 increased the level of TNF-αand IL-1β, while CoPP treatment decreasedthe secretion of MALP-2-induced cytokines.Conclusion MALP-2 might induce the expression ofHO-1 in THP-1 cells through TLR2,6/PI3K/Nrf2 pathways.The expression of HO-1 could negatively regulatethe hyper-secretion of cytokines.

Objective To investigate the histological changes of the right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Mar-mota baibacina which are adapted to high-altitude hypoxia .Methods Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis , and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect connexin 43 ( CX43) expression in the right ventricular myocardium .Results In the right ventricular myocardium , cardio-myocyte hypertrophy and increased amount of collagen fibers were observed .The right ventricular hypertrophy index and weight index of Marmota baibacina were significantly higher , and expression of CX43 was significantly reduced than that of normal rats ( P<0.05 for both ) .Conclusions High-altitude hypoxia induces right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Marmota baibacina.It can be used as an ideal animal model for studies on the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation on high -altitude plateau .

Objective To study the correlation between serum prealbumin level before liver resection and prognosis of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The clinical data of patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from August 2007 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The previous albumin of 200 mg/L and the pre-albumin as predicted by the maximum selection rank statistic method were used as the bounding group,and reduced groups and the correlation between pre-operative serum pre-albumin levels and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival rate of patients with the different cutoff levels.The Cox proportional regression model was used to analyze,and cirrhosis,alpha-fetoprotein levels and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging were used to adjust the relationship between serum prealbumin and prognosis of liver resection for HCC patients.Analysis of stratified variables was performed and their interactions with serum prealbumin were analyzed.Results Of the 2 022 patients included in this study,there were 1 739 males and 283 females.Their age was 49.5 ± 11.2 years.The median follow-up was 37.4 months.The optimal cutoff value of prealbumin predicted by the maximum selection rank statistic method was 166 mg/L.Regardless of the cutoff values of previous albumin 200 mg/L or prealbumin 166 mg/L,multivariate analysis showed that preoperative serum prealbumin level was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients (P ＜0.05).The prognosis of patients with ＞200 mg/L (＞ 166 mg/L) serum prealbumin before surgery was significantly better than that of patients with ≤200 mg/L (≤166 mg/L) prealbumin,the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors,the prealbumin level correlated with prognosis of patients with HCC [cutoff value 200 mg/L:HR (95％ CI) was 1.59 (1.35-1.86),cutoff value 166 mg/L:HR (95％ CI) was 1.69 (1.44-1.98),all P ＜ 0.05].The results of stratified analysis showed that the relationship between prealbumin levels and the prognosis of HCC patients became more robust.Conclusions Preoperative serum prealbumin was an independent risk factor for prognosis of HCC patients,and it had predictive value on prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective:To study the impact of preoperative serum HBV DNA levels on prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing hepatectomy with curative intent.Methods:The clinical data of patients with HCC treated by hepatectomy with curative intent at the Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the preoperative serum HBV DNA levels, patients were divided into three groups: the control group (HBV DNA negative), the low load group (<10 4 copy/ml) and the high load group (≥10 4 copy/ml). The clinical data of these patients were collected and long-term survival outcomes of these patients were followed-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates among the three groups. Using the Barcelona clinic liver cancer classification (BCLC), patients with different serum HBV DNA levels were further divided into three subgroups: stage 0/A, stage B and stage C. The OS and RFS rates of patients in each of these subgroups were compared. Results:Of 1 180 patients who were enrolled in the study, there were 1 024 males and 156 females, aged (48.6±10.8) years. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates for patients in the control group ( n=258) were 91.5%, 79.3% and 74.9%, respectively; while those in the low load group ( n=289) were 87.2%, 68.6% and 61.6%, respectively; and those in the high load group ( n=633) were 85.4%, 68.9% and 60.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the control group were significantly better than those in the low load group and the high load group ( P<0.05). The 1-, 2- and 3-year RFS rates in the control group were significantly higher than those in the high load group ( P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that in the BCLC 0/A subgroup ( n=786) the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the control group were significantly better than those in the high load group ( P<0.05). In the BCLC B subgroup ( n=181), the 1-, 2- and 3-year RFS rates in the control group were significantly higher than those in the high load group ( P<0.05). In the BCLC C subgroup ( n=214), there were no significant differences in the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS and 1-, 2- and 3-year RFS rates among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy with curative intent, the higher the preoperative serum HBV-DNA level, the worse the long-term survival outcomes.

Microglial surveillance plays an essential role in clearing misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta, tau, and α-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the complex structure and ambiguous pathogenic species of the misfolded proteins, a universal approach to remove the misfolded proteins remains unavailable. Here, we found that a polyphenol, α-mangostin, reprogrammed metabolism in the disease-associated microglia through shifting glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which holistically rejuvenated microglial surveillance capacity to enhance microglial phagocytosis and autophagy-mediated degradation of multiple misfolded proteins. Nanoformulation of α-mangostin efficiently delivered α-mangostin to microglia, relieved the reactive status and rejuvenated the misfolded-proteins clearance capacity of microglia, which thus impressively relieved the neuropathological changes in both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease model mice. These findings provide direct evidences for the concept of rejuvenating microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming, and demonstrate nanoformulated α-mangostin as a potential and universal therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.