Objective Acute spinal injury(ASI) is a kind of disease commonly seen in the orthopedic department, with secondary pathological injury causing the delayed damage of tissue structure. This study is focused on finding the injury mechanism of endothelin and the relation with calcium in SCI, and developing an effective treatment of SCI through animal experiment for clinic application in the future. Methods ASI animal model with radioimmuolo gical techniques are applied to examine the level of endothelin, and to find the pathological changes under microscope and electron-microscope. Results The quantity of endothelin and calcium in the cell with 1, 4-dihydropyridine calci um channel inhibitor is decreased, as a result, depolarization was lightened. The mechanism delays the development of secondary injury significantly. Conclusion This type of treatment may be used in emergency for spinal cord injury in order to protect the function and to gain much precious opportunity for spinal recovery and other treatment.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of post-operative respiratory failure in elderly cardiac carcinoma patients.Methods 28 elderly patients with respiratory failure (respiratory failure group) after the resection of cardiac carcinoma and 56 controls (control group) were studied.Preoperative respiratory function,the other complications,the site of incision,intravenous infusion,age of patients and smoking between two groups were compared by Logistic regression.Results Univariate risk factors included MVV<50% ,RV/TLC>50% ,FEV1<1.5L,PEF<70% ,DLCO<80% ,V75<70% ,the venous input,incision at chest.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that MVV<50% ,RV/TLC>50% ,FEV,<1.5 L,DLCO<80% were risk factors.Conclusion These results suggested that the patients with risk factors described above need more careful pre and post operative surveillance and management.

Objective:To investigate the expression of TAZ and KLF5 and their clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC).Methods:We freshly collected 76 samples of surgically resected HCC and matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues and detected TAZ and KLF5 expression in these samples using immunohistochemical staining.The clinical significance of TAZ and KLF5 protein expression were analysed.Results:The protein expression of TAZ and KLF5 in HCC tissues was significantly higher than those in matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues ( P=0.001;P=0.035 ).Clinicopathological analysis suggested that TAZ and KLF5 protein expression were associated with histopathological differentiation ( P=0.007;P=0.047 ) and TNM stage ( P=0.009;P=0.040).TAZ was positively correlated with KLF5 protein in HCC tissues (r=0.651,P=0.003).Conclusion:The high-expression of TAZ and KLF5 are correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics,and TAZ is positively associated with KLF5 in HCC tissues, suggesting that TAZ may promote tumor progression through inhibition of KLF5 protein degradation in HCC.

ERS is a kind of universal existence in various cellular stress response.Recently, the research shows that ERS may affect bone metabolism balance from different ways.However, the specific mechanism is still not clear.The relationship between ERS and osteoporosis needs further research.This article will firstly introduce the pathways of ERS, then the relationship between the ERS and osteoporosis will be discussed from pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells.Lastly, I will give perspectives on the future research on treatment of osteoporosis drug.

Objective:To search for potential protein biomarkers of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid borderline lesion. Dif-ferentially expressed proteins between the two were analyzed and identified. Methods:A total of 118 cases of thyroid resection sam-ples were obtained from patients who underwent surgery at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from April 2013 to Febru-ary 2015. Experimental groups included 43 PTCs (40 classic and 3 follicular variants) and 33 thyroid borderline lesions (with equivocal PTC type nuclear features and papillary structure, but without metastasis, and lacking capsular or vascular invasion;8 cases with atypi-cal adenoma), respectively. The control group included 42 normal thyroid tissues adjacent to carcinoma. The total protein extracts from frozen thyroid samples of 10 cases in each group were profiled with 2D electrophoresis. The differential protein spots were then revealed by PDQUEST 7.3 software and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fight/time-of-fight mass spec-trometry and Swiss-Prot database search. Six differentially expressed proteins of these spots were further validated using 118 samples through immunohistochemistry. Results:A set of 24 differentially expressed spots significant in discriminating between the sample groups were found, and 18 proteins were identified. Immunohistochemistry revealed the following six proteins located in the cyto-plasm:keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 (CK8);keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (CK18);60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60);actin, cytoplasmic 2 (γ-actin);14-3-3 protein beta/alpha (14-3-3β/α);and 14-3-3 protein epsilon (14-3-3ε). All six proteins were overexpressed in PTC compared with normal tissues (P<0.001). Meanwhile, CK8, CK18, HSP60, andγ-actin were overexpressed in PTC compared with bor-derline lesions (P<0.01). Except for CK8, the five other proteins were overexpressed in borderline lesions compared with normal tis-sues (P<0.001). Conclusion:Proteomic analysis is useful in searching for new biomarkers of PTC and thyroid borderline lesion. The ex-pression patterns of these differentially expressed proteins can be further validated using immunohistochemistry. The newly identified protein biomarkers can positively contribute to early PTC diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF) on spinal cord injury.Methods The spinal cord injury (SCI) of Wistar rats was performed by a 10g×2.5cm impact on the posterior T12 spinal cord.The experimental animals received NGF liquid by subarachnoid space tube.The radioimmunological techniques were applied to examine the level of endothelin.Results The level of endothelin was significantly increased after the injury as compared with that in control group(P＜0.01).The level of endothelin in NGF group as obviously lowered as compared with that in normal saline group 4 h after injury (P＜0.01).Conclusion NGF can protect spinal cord against injury in vivo.One of the mechanisms is that NGF could inhibit endothelin-induced vicious circle.

Objective:To explore the effect of instant blood glucose monitoring system (FGM) in perioperative blood glucose management in patients with hip fracture complicated with diabetes mellitus, and to provide guidance for perioperative blood glucose management.Methods:A total of 100 patients with hip fracture complicated with diabetes mellitus treated in the Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected as subjects.The patients were divided into experimental group and control group by random digits table method with 50 cases in each group. The patients in both groups adopted the mode of multidisciplinary cooperation.The experimental group was used to monitor blood glucose based on FGM, and traditional blood glucose monitoring was used in the control group. The waiting time before operation, the pain caused by blood glucose acupuncture, the satisfaction of patients and medical staff, the blood glucose level at different time points and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The waiting time before operation, the proportion of patients with moderate and severe pain after acupuncture and the incidence of hyperglycemia in the experimental group were (2.58 ± 1.30) d, 2% (1/50) and 30% (15/50), respectively, the control group were (3.67 ± 1.59) d, 22% (11/50) and 50% (25/50), respectively. The differences were statistically significant( t value was -2.087, χ2 values were 9.470, 4.170, P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients and medical staff in the experimental group were (46.43 ± 1.87), (46.58 ± 2.10) points, respectively, the control group were (40.67 ± 3.24), (43.84 ± 2.92) points, respectively.The differences were statistically significant( t values were 8.441, 8.087, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and pre-bedtime blood glucose between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of FGM can realize the continuous blood glucose monitoring and management of patients,making the blood glucose reach the standard more quickly and smoothly, meanwhile it may effectively shorten the waiting time before operation and reduce the acupuncture pain of blood glucose monitoring and recognize patients with concealed abnormal blood glucose. The application can improve the satisfaction of patients and medical staff, and promote the rapid recovery of patients as well.

In recent years, many researchs have found that microRNA (miRNAs) has differential expression in pancreatic tissues, pancreatic cancer cells and drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and miRNAs can change the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs by acting on downstream target genes.The molecular mechanism of drug resistance in tumors is complex. In the drug-resistance of pancreatic cancer, miRNAs can mediate drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, DNA damage and repair, downstream signaling pathways, non-coding RNA, related coding genes, pancreatic cancer stem cells and other mechanisms. Therefore, the investigation of drug resistance mechanism and related miRNAs in pancreatic cancer will help to find new anti-drug resistance treatment methods. The authors summarize exosome miRNAs invloved in regulating chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer, in order to provide theoretical support for clinical treatment and find new targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Vessel extracellular matrix (VECM) is a natural scaffold material obtained from vascular tissues, which can stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate vascularization of tissue-engineered graft, however, the mechanism is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the vascularization effects of release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from VECM in ureteral reconstitution.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro cytology observation. The experiment was performed at the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of First Clinical Medical Science College, Wuhan University, between April and August in 2009.MATERIALS: Abdominal aorta was obtained from 5 rabbits to prepare VECM.METHODS: The VEGF released from VECM in vitro was evaluated by ELISA, the effects of cell proliferation by the released VEGF was detected by MTT colorimetric assay. The defected ureters of rabbits were repaired by homologous VECM in vivo.Then the recovery of the defected ureters and the situation of vasculogenesis were detected at different time point.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The detection of VEGF contents in VECM; and the effects of VECM on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and ureteral reconstitution.RESULTS: In vitro experiment presented that the peak amplitude concentration of VEGF released from VECM in PBS solution was (124.10±1.42) ng/L, which showed proliferative effect on vascular endothelial cells. In vivo, there were some blood vessels on the VECM at 2 weeks after implantation. Epithelial coverage was evident in the lumen of the marginal part of the VECM grafts and the smooth muscle extended from the transition zone. After 8 weeks, the quantity of the blood vessel was increased and the caliber of the blood vessels became wide. There was thickness epithelial lamina in the graft, and the muscle fibers had an organized spatial alignment, forming variably sized bundles. After 16 weeks, there were no significant differences between the regenerative tissue and the normal tissue in morphology.CONCLUSION: The homologous VECM can release VEGF when implanted as tissue engineer biomaterial and might be an ideal replacement biomaterial for ureteral reconstitution.

BACKGROUND: At present, genetic recombinant technique has been utilized to express recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)and to induce either orthotopic or ectopic regenerated bone successfully. But,because that osteoblastic activity induced by rhBMP-2 is lower than that by natural BMP-2, the perfect vectors have not been discovered yet.OBJECTIVE: BMP recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) was constructed so as to provide feasible vector for the basic treatment of bone defect.DESIGN: Single sample was designed in the experiment.SETTING: Experimental Center of Molecular Biology in First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.MATERIALS: PACCMV-PLPA plasmid, PJM17 plasmid, 293-cell line.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of Molecular Biology in First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from September 2001 to June 2002. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to clone the whole-length gene of BMP-2 and construct AdV vector. DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitation was used to transfect accessory plasmid PJM17 into 293cell and homologous recombination was used to construct rAdV. The titer was assayed and CsC1 density gradient centrifugation and purification were applied.construction of rAdV.binant plasmid is named as pGEM-T/hBMP2, (3 015+1 213)bp in size.It was indicated in agar gel electrophoresis that the practical value was in BMP2 shuttle plasmid: The plasmid was about 10 Kbp in size. Since PACCMV-PLPA plasmid multiclone sites belonged to PUC plasmid series,EcoR Ⅰ enzyme digestion was used to linerarizate recombinant plasmid,10 Kbp in size. 8.8 Kb and 1.2 Kbp visible fragments were obtained durtion of rAdV: PCR technique was used to identify rAdV. The target fragment 1.2Kbp that was amplified by BMP2 specific primer of the whole length was in conformity completely with the theoretic value.CONCLUSION: Successful construction of BMP2 rAdV lays a foundation for the feasible genetic treatment with vector of bone defect.