To improve the pharmaceutical care ability of adult students,and ensure the safety in clinical medication. According to the requirement of the Ministry of Education of China, the new training scheme for adult Pharmaceutical undergraduates were drawn up by research and practice to meet the development needs of market economy and licensed pharmacist system in China.

Objective: To study the diagnostic characteristics of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) by non-invasive electrocardiography (ECG) in relevant patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 60 CA patients diagnosed in our hospital from 2008-08 to 2013-12 for their clinical and ECG characteristics. Results: There were 48 male and 12 female patients with the ratio of 4: 1. The ifrst time diagnosis rate was low and the average age for conifrmed diagnosis was at (54. 5±14. 2) years.①There were 32 (53. 3%) cases combining heart failure, 12 (20%) with pleural effusion, 20 (33. 3%) with atrial arrhythmia, 8 (13. 3%)with ventricular arrhythmia, 4 (6. 7%)with sino-atrial block, 15 (25%)with atrio-ventricular block, 4 (6. 7%) with left bundle branch block (LBBB), 5 (8. 3%)with RBBB and 8 (13. 3%)with intra-ventricular block.②There were 32 (53. 3%) cases with low voltage on limb leads, 52 (86. 7%) with pseudo-infarct pattern, 48 (60%) with ST-T abnormality and 30 (50%) combining low voltage on limb leads with pseudo-infarct pattern.③The patients combining pleural effusion and with pseudo-infarct pattern had the increased ratio of low voltage on limb leads, while there were still 22 (45. 8%) cases without pleural effusion had low voltage on limb leads.④ ECG characteristics for 60 CA patients were as follows: QRS duration (104±26) ms, QT interval (404±34) ms, QTc (462±35) ms; the R wave of avR 0. 17 mV, QRS wave 0.30 mV; the R wave of limb leads and V1-3 were all<0.5mV, the S wave of V1-3 were 0. 62mV, 1. 61mV, 1. 56mV; the R/S ratio of V1-3 were 0. 19, 0. 12, 0. 20 respectively. Conclusion: CA patients had the highest incidence of pseudo-infarct pattern; meanwhile, combining with low voltage on limb leads, pseudo-infarct with long Q or S wave and ST-T abnormality but normal QRS duration was helpful for differential diagnosis of CA in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the role of hepatocyte apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury of grafted liver and the effects of endothelin 1 (ET 1) monoclonol antibody on hepatocyte apoptosis.Methods Othotopic liver transplantation rats were divided into two groups: with and without ET 1 antibody. The concentrations of ET 1 of plasma and liver tissue were measured. The parameters of liver fuction were determined . The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured and the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in grafts liver was determined.Results The levels of ET 1, ALT in serum, and ET 1, MDA and apoptotic cells in the grafted liver after ischemia/reperfusion were significantly increased compared with normal values. In the ET 1 antibody group, the levels of ET 1, ALT, MDA and apoptotic cells were significantly decreased. Conclusions ET 1 monoclonal antibody can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing lipid peroxide reaction, and decreasing apoptosis of hepatocytes and thus protect the liver graft.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM ) based vancomycin dose adjustment in patients with gram‐positive infections .Methods A cohort study was designed with 128 inpatients undergoing TDM in Huashan Hospital from January 2005 to September 2014 .The clinical data of these patients were used to analyze the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy by Cox model and survival analysis .Results The patients undergoing TDM‐based dose adjustment had a higher daily dose and blood trough concentration ,which may lead to better bacteriological efficacy and overall efficacy .Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that TDM‐based dose adjustment is a protective factor .No safety‐related risk factor was found .Conclusions TDM‐based vancomycin dose adjustment is important for patients to achieve better outcomes in fighting gram‐positive infections .

Objective To explore the nuclear emergency nursing rescue process, and ensure safety and effectiveness of implementation of nuclear emergency nursing rescue. Methods Based on the analysis of the existing national standards, and on the basis of literature review, the method of Delphi was used to collect 23 experts′suggestions, and to make a preliminary draft nuclear emergency nursing rescue process on site. Results The experts' enthusiasm was very high, and the degree of authority (Cr) coefficient was 0.91. A on-site rescue unit partition graph, and two rescue unit process that were preliminary sorting and decontamination, and an on-site rescue process had been drew up. Conclusions After two rounds of expert enquiry, the emergency nursing rescue process is reasonable. And the study could provide objective basis for the implementation of the nuclear emergency nursing rescue.

Objective To investigate the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PA) on proliferation and invasiveness of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97L with metastatic potential. Methods Proliferation, growth curve, plate efficiency, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, cell motility assay, scarification test, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) protein activity were evaluated after cells were treated with PA at various concentrations. Results PA can inhibit the proliferation and plate efficiency of MHCC97L cell markedly in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of cells treated with PA for 48 h and 72 h was 3.1 ×108/ml and 1.9 × 108/ml, respectively. The doubling time increased and plate efficiency decreased gradually when cells treated with 0.5 × 108/ml, 1 × 108/ml and 2 × 108/ml PA (P＜0.01). PA could induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. The average amount of invading cell per field in cell invasion assay and motility assay were 4. 8 ± 1.3 and 8. 8±2.2 when cells treated with 1× 108/ml PA, which was significantly lower than that of control group (8. 6±2. 1 and 15. 6±1.2 ) (P＜0.01) Scarification test showed that the metastatic ability of cells treated with 1 × 108/ml PA significantly lower than that in the control group. Comparison between cells treated with 1 × 108/ml PA and control group, no remarkable difference was found regarding expression of VEGF and MMP2 in supernatant of cell culture. Conclusion PA can inhibit proliferation and plate efficiency of HCC cell line MHCC97L, which is in part mediated by the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. PA could inhibit invasiveness of HCC cell line MHCC97L, which is unrelated to the VEGF and MMP2 protein activity.

Objective:To analyze the value of low dose enteral nutrition (EN) in treatment of septic shock combined with acute gastrointestinal injury Ⅲ (AGI Ⅲ).Methods:Clinical data of septic shock patients combined with AGI Ⅲ admitted at our hospital were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to the nutrition therapy they received:treatment group (EN,n =41) and control group (no EN,n =46).The mortality and ICU hospital stays were collected.The intestinal barrier,inflammatory cytokines,and oxidative stress were evaluated before and after EN treatment.Results:For patients in the treatment group,the dosages of EN ranged from 200 to 410 kcal/d,with the median dose of 350 kcal/d.No significant differences were found on death rates between the two groups (24.4％vs 32.6％,P =0.398).Patients in the treatment group had shorter ICU hospital stays than those of the control group (11.8 ± 3.7 vs 16.2 ± 5.3,P ＜0.01).After one week EN treatment,patients in the treatment group had lower levels of CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,diamine oxidase,endotoxin and D-lactate than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:For septic shock patients combined with AGI Ⅲ,low dose EN can improve the intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammatory responses.

Objective To evaluate the imaging diagnosis of anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ACAPA).Methods A total of 11 cases with ACAPA were included in the present study.Chest films,echocardiography,cardioangiography,and electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) were employed as diagnostic modalities.Macroscopic anatomy at operation was referred. Results Ten cases were classified as anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA) and 1 case as anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ARCAPA).They could not be diagnosed by chest films,but could be diagnosed by echocardiography in 3 cases,by EBCT in 1 case,and by cardioangiography in all cases.In ALCAPA,cardioangiography showed that the left coronary arteries arising from the posterior sinus or posterior wall of the pulmonary artery were perfused retrogradely via the collaterals from the dilated right coronary artery.In ARCAPA,the right coronary artery originated from the right sinus of the pulmonary artery.Gross anatomy at operation showed that the sites of the anomalous origins were the same as that of cardioangiography.Ischemic fibrosis of the anterior papillary muscles,mitral valve annulus enlargement,and prolapse of mitral valve,which led to mitral valve insufficiency,were found in 3 cases.Conclusion Chest film has limitation in the diagnosis and echocardiography should be further improved.Cardioangiography remains the “gold standard” of the preoperative diagnosis.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN).Methods The clinical data of 42 IPMN cases undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital during the past 4 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results Routine CT or MRI examination was made in 42 cases,ERCP in 6 cases,ultrasonic endoscopy in 12 cases,fine needle biopsy by endoscopic ultrasonography in 4 cases.There were 12 cases of the main duct IPMN,24 cases of branch duct IPMN,6 cases of mixed IPMN.Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 24 cases;6 cases underuent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy;10 cases did distal pancreatectomy,2 cases did total pancreatectomy.Postoperative pathology revealed that the malignant transformation rate of main pancreatic duct type was 66.7％,that of BD-IPMN was 12.5％ and 66.7％ of Mix-IPMN.The postoperative complication rate was 26.2％.All cases were followed up for 1 month to 4 years,with no tumor recurrence.Conclusions Imaging examination combined with endoscopic ultrasonography is the main method for clinical diagnosis of IPMN.The malignant transformation rate of MD-IPMN and Mix-IPMN is high.Most of the BD-IPMN is hyperplasia and adenoma.

Calbindin 2 ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Hirschsprung Disease ; metabolism ; Humans