Objective To evaluate the application of time to positivity (TTP)in differential diagnosis of intracranial infection caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS).Methods One hundred and twenty-four adult patients with positive CNS isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)including 70 cases with intracranial infection and 54 cases of CSF contamination,who were admitted in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during January to December 201 5,were retrospectively analyzed.The difference of TTP between two groups was compared,receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was analyzed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC)was calculated.The application of TTP in differential diagnosis of CNS infection was evaluated.SPSS 1 8.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results TTP in intracranial infection group was shorter than that in CSF contamination group [(23.5 ±7.5 )h vs. (37.6 ±1 0.5)h,t =-8.71 7,P =0.000].The AUC of TTP was 0.854.Taking the cut-off value of 27.94 h,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values in differentiation of two groups were 72.7%,91 .4%,90.0% and 72.2%,respectively.There were statistically differences in TTP of Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus capitis between two groups (Z =-4.496,-2.322 and -2.399,respectively,P <0.05 or <0.01 ).Conclusion TTP can be used to discriminate early intracranial infection and CSF contamination caused by CNS,and also can identify intracranial infection caused by different categories of CNS.

Objective Meningovascular syphilis is the intima inflammation of blood vessels caused by the syphilitic infec-tion, which is associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke.The study analyzed the clinical, imaging features and prognosis for meningovascular syphilis so as to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods 14 patients diagnosed with meningovascular syphilis were collected prospectively from December 2007 to March 2015 in the neurological department of Jinling Hospital.The patients were followed for a period of 21.5(range 10.2~37.9)months,and the prognosis were evaluated. Results Patients with meningovascular syphilis presented with dizziness, hemiplegia, hemidysesthesia and cognitive decline.Lesions showed multiple, scattered on MR ima-ging, intracranial vascular stenosis was seen in the CTA/MRA, and the laboratory examination had characteristic changes.With a large dose and sufficient courses of penicillin treatment, meningovascular syphilis may hopefully get predominant effects.78.57%patients got good prognosis(modified Rankin Scale ,mRS≤2)at 3 months and 85.71% patients got goodlong-term prognosis(mRS≤2). Conclusion Meningovascular syphilis was usually presented as acute onset, lacks the specific clinical and neuroimaging manifesta-tions.Most patients has favourable prognosis after treatment of syphilis with full course of penicillin.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic expression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in the lungs and its role in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis and to evaluate the effect of ACEI captopril and AT (1) -receptor blocker losartan on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: 84 adult healthy female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of different treatments designated as: Control, PQ alone (PQ) , captopril treatment, losartan treatment. Each group was divided into three subgroups of seven animals each. The animals were killed at either 7, 14 or 28 days after PQ administration. The rats in PQ group, treatment group were treated intragastrically (ig) with PQ (40 mg/kg) and the rats in control group were treated with the same dose of saline at the beginning of the experiment. The treatment group received Captopril (60 mg/kg; ig) or Losartan (10 mg/kg; ig) once a day respectively after PQ administration and the other two groups received saline. At the given timepoint, animals were sacrificed and lungs were harvested. A semiquantitative assay of histological examination, hydroxyproline in lung tissues were used to determine the severity of alveolitis and fibrosis. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of PlGF. Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic scores were more prominent in the model group, hydroxyproline contents in lung tissue were significantly increased after PQ administration compared to the control group. Captopril, losartan apparently attenuated the degree of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. On 7th, 14th days, the levels of alveolitis in the intervention groups were significantly alleviated as compared with the model group (P<0.05) . On 28th days, the levels of pulmonary fibrosis in the intervention groups were significantly alleviated as compared with model group (P<0.05) . The hydroxyproline contents in the intervention groups were significantly decreased as compared with model group (P<0.01) . PlGF mRNA on day 7, 14, 28 (1.28±0.29vs0.10±0.01、0.80±0.07vs0.10±0.01、0.65±0.13vs0.10±0.01) in the PQ group were all upregulated as compared with that of the control group. PlGF mRNA on day 7, 14, 28 in the captopril and Losartan intervention groups were significantly decreased (0.94±0.04、0.71±0.09、0.52±0.24 and 0.80±0.12、0.66±0.11、0.51±0.03) . PlGF positive expression index on day 7, 14, 28 (2.27±0.34 vs0.13±0.01、1.78±0.41 vs0.14±0.03、1.25±0.69 vs0.13±0.01) in the PQ group were all upregulated as compared with that of the control group. PlGF positive expression index on day 7, 14, 28 in the captopril and Losartan treatment groups were significantly decreased (1.53±0.78、1.17±0.79、0.97±0.61 and 1.36±0.63、1.24±0.80、0.83±0.47) . PlGF positive expression index on day 7 in the two intervention groups were significantly decreased, as compared with PQ group (P<0.05) . Conclusion PlGF may plays an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis following paraquat-induced lung injury in rats. Captopril and losartan had an inhibitory effect on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and the effect may be due to inhibition of angiotensin II and, in part, be associated with reduction in PlGF.

Objective There is little research on the relationship of gene polymorphism of CYP2C19 and clopidogrel response after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting ( PTAS) in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.The study aimed to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphism and high on-treatment platelet reactivity ( HTPR ) after PTAS and 6 months of regular dual antiplatelet administration in patients. Methods A total of 145 Chinese patients treated with PTAS in our de-partment from January 2011 to March 2014 were enrolled in this study.According to the gene sequencing, patients were divided into wild-type group(CYP2C19*1/*1,69 cases) and mutation group(heterozygous mutation CYP2C19*1/*2 and homozygous mutation CYP2C19*2/*2, 76 cases).Patients received a 100mg/d aspirin and 75mg/d clopidogrel maintenance dose (MD) as dual anti-platelet therapy after PTAS.The clopidogrel inhibition effect was measured by thrombelastography ( TEG) system 6 months after PTAS. Routine cerebral artery digital subtraction angiography was applied to evaluate whether there was restenosis in stent and logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the influential factors of HTPR after PTAS and clopidogrel adminstration. Results After 6 months'regular administration of clopidogrel after PTAS, the platelet adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) receptor inhibition rates in wild-type group, heterozygous mutation and homozygous mutation group were respectively (58.43 ±21.98)%, (47.80 ±22.93)%, (37.53 ± 21.84)%.The platelet ADP receptor inhibition rate was significantly decreased compared with wild-type group(P=0.001).Carriers of at least one CYP2C19 loss-of-function ( LOF) allele had a higher frequency of clopidogrel HTPR (35.5% vs17.4 % for patients with and without LOF alleles, respectively;P=0.014) .Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the carriage of CYP2C19 LOF alleles was an independent predictor of the post-procedure HTPR (OR=2.356, 95% CI:1.053-5.272, P=0.037).The rate of ISR was remarkably higher in patients with at least one CYP2C19*2 alleles compared with wild-type patients(11.8%vs 1.4%, P=0.019) . Conclusion In patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the CYP2C19 LOF allele had significant impact on post-procedure clopidogrel HTPR and the prognosis of ISR after PTAS.

Objective No consensus has yet been achieved on the relationship of serum albumin with the functional out-come of acute ischemic stroke.The aim of our study was to determine whether the serum albumin level was associated with the short-term functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke in well-nourished patients. Methods Totally, 113 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were recruited from Nanjing Stroke Registration Program between January and June 2015.Baseline data including de-mographic and body parameters, vascular risk factors, and laboratory results were collected.The NIH Stroke Scale ( NIHSS) was used to evaluate the severity of neurological deficits and the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) employed to assess the short-term functional outcome.According to the mRS at discharge, the patients were divided into a good outcome group ( mRS<3 ) and a poor out-come group ( mRS≥3 ) .The independent predictors of the short-term functional outcome were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 113 acute ischemic stroke patients included, 52 (46.0%) were in the good outcome group, and 61 (54.0%) in the poor outcome group.Those in the former group had a significantly higher BMI, lower serum LDL-C, lower WBC count, and lower NIHSS at admission than those in the latter .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low serum albumin, NIHSS at admission, and arteriole occlusion were independent predictors of the poor short-term functional outcome ( OR=0.684, 95% CI:0.490-0.956, P=0.026). Conclusion Low serum albumin is an independent predictor of poor short-term functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients in well-nourished status.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of magnesium sulfate on brain mitochondrial respiratory function in rats after experimental traumatic brain injury and the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe middle degree brain injury in rats was made by BIM-III multi-function impacting machine. The brain mitochondrial respiratory function was measured with oxygen electrode and the ultra-structural changes were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTS1. The brain mitochondrial respiratory stage III and respiration control rate reduced significantly in the untreated groups within 24 and 72 hours. But treated Group A showed certain degree of recovery of respiratory function; treated Group B showed further improvement. 2. Untreated Group, treated Groups A and B had different degrees of mitochondrial ultra-structural damage respectively, which could be attenuated after the treatment with magnesium sulfate.

CONCLUSIONSThe mitochondrial respiratory function decreases significantly after traumatic brain injury. But it can be apparently improved after magnesium sulfate management along with the attenuated damage of mitochondria discovered by TEM. The longer course of treatment can obtain a better improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Cell Respiration ; drug effects ; physiology ; Culture Techniques ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Magnesium Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the door-to-needle time (DNT) delay and the short-term functional outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with minor ischemic stroke and the influencing factors of DNT delay.Methods:From October 2016 to May 2018, patients with minor ischemic stroke received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase from the Stroke Database of Nanjing First Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. DNT delay was defined as DNT > median. The modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the short-term functional outcome at 3 months after stroke. 0-1 was defined as good outcome, and ≥2 was defined as poor outcome. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DNT delay and short-term functional outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible influencing factors of DNT delay. Results:A total of 102 patients with minor ischemic stroke were enrolled. The median DNT was 40 min, 36 patients (35.3%) had DNT delay, and 27 patients (26.5%) had poor short-term outcome. Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with DNT delay between the poor outcome group and the good outcome group (44.4% vs. 32.0%; χ2=1.346, P=0.252). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant independent negative correlation between hypertension and DNT delay (odds ratio 0.359, 95% confidence interval 0.137-0.939; P=0.037). Conclusion:For patients with minor ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis, DNT delay is not associated with the outcome. The absence of hypertension may be one of the factors affecting the DNT delay.

YWHAE gene is located on chromosome 17p13.3, and its product 14-3-3epsilon protein belongs to 14-3-3 protein family. As a molecular scaffold, YWHAE participates in biological processes such as cell adhesion, cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and malignant transformation, and is closely related to many diseases. Overexpression of YWHAE in breast cancer can increase the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. In gastric cancer, YWHAE acts as a negative regulator of MYC and CDC25B, which reduces their expression and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and enhances YWHAE-mediated transactivation of NF-κB through CagA. In colorectal cancer, YWHAE lncRNA, as a sponge molecule of miR-323a-3p and miR-532-5p, can compete for endogenous RNA through direct interaction with miR-323a-3p and miR-532-5p, thus up-regulating K-RAS/ERK/1/2 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and promoting the cell cycle progression of the colorectal cancer. YWHAE not only mediates tumorigenesis as a competitive endogenous RNA, but also affects gene expression through chromosome variation. For example, the FAM22B-YWHAE fusion gene caused by t(10; 17) (q22; p13) may be associated with the development of endometrial stromal sarcoma. At the same time, the fusion transcript of YWHAE and NUTM2B/E may also lead to the occurrence of endometrial stromal sarcoma. To understand the relationship between YWHAE, NUTM2A, and NUTM2B gene rearrangement/fusion and malignant tumor, YWHAE-FAM22 fusion gene/translocation and tumor, YWHAE gene polymorphism and mental illness, as well as the relationship between 17p13.3 region change and disease occurrence. It provides new idea and basis for understanding the effect of YWHAE gene molecular mechanism and genetic variation on the disease progression, and for the targeted for the diseases.
14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism* ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics* ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Translocation, Genetic

Objective To evaluate the impact of the eastern healthy diet pattern (EHDP) on body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients and compare it with the effect of traditional diabetes diet (TDD). Methods A total of 140 inpatients with T2DM admitted to Chenzhou First People's Hospital from May 2022 to December 2022 were selected and randomly assigned to EHDP (n = 70) group or TDD group (n = 70). Both groups were served with three meals a day by the dietitian department of the hospital for 8 weeks. The TDD group followed the guidelines of the Chinese diabetes society, while the EHDP group optimized diversified food intake and increased aquatic products, olive oil, and dairy products. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients in baseline data including age, gender, blood pressure, blood glucose, and hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering treatment between the two groups (P value 0.238~0.795). After 8 weeks of dietary intervention, compared with before the intervention, the body weight, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids and blood pressure of both groups showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.05). The reductions in weight, BMI, blood lipids, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the EHDP group were greater than those in the TDD group (P<0.05). Conclusion EHDP is better than the traditional diabetic diet in reducing blood glucose, weight, blood pressure, and blood lipids compared to traditional diets. Both diet patterns effectively improve 2h PG and HbA1c with no significant difference.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate residents' knowledge, attitude and behavior towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hunan Province, and to explore the factors influencing behaviors. METHODS: A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an online survey for 4 139 Hunan residents. The contents included general population information, residents' knowledge, attitude and practice to COVID-19. RESULTS: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were 29.82±3.16, 6.71±1.12, and 14.93±1.45, respectively. Residents had the highest score of major symptoms of COVID-19 (3.96±0.39), but the lowest was the main transmission routes (3.47±0.89). A total of 22.68% of the residents were very or relatively afraid of the outbreak, but 95.22% of the residents had confidence in defeating COVID-19. In behavior dimension, "handling of suspicious symptoms" had the lowest score (3.58±0.75). The behavior implementation rate of "keep the surfaces of household items clean" (80.50%), "doing more exercise, reasonable diet, working and resting regularly" (84.59%), and "avoid hand contacting with eyes, mouth or nose" (89.51%) were relatively low. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the knowledge, attitude, and practices score were correlated with each other (knowledge vs behavior: =0.366; knowledge vs attitude: =0.041; attitude vs behavior: =0.100; all <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the knowledge, attitude and behavior on COVID-19 were mostly influenced by education background (all <0.05), and the independent factors affecting behavior included knowledge and attitude, gender, permanent residence, education background (all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Residents in Hunan Province have a good knowledge, attitude, and behavior to COVID-19. Nevertheless there are still weak links to be improved in all dimensions. It is necessary to strengthen knowledge and behavior of family protection, and care for residents' psychological health, especially persons with low education degree, male and rural residents.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires