Process for the industrial production of sodium alginate from Sargassum siliquastrum was reported. The main influential factors in the extraction process were discussed in detail. As a result, the product conformed to British Pharmacopoeia (1968 ) in colour, lustre, purity and heavy matals. The yield was 20%.

Objective to probe the potential application and advantages of heuristic method in the film-reading session of Imaging Radiology.Methods 66 eight-year program clinical medical juniors in the grade of 2008 to 2010 in Beijing University were selected as the subject and were evenly divided into two groups.Experimental group(n=33) was taught with heuristic method,in which the teacher ask questions and lead the students to find the way to solve problems in the way of clinical thinking mode.Control group(n=33) was taught with didactic method.The analysis of final examination of radiology course and an anonymous questionnaire survey were carried out at the end of semester,and the questionnaire survey to the students in grade 2008 and 2009 was conducted again after 1 years of their clinical practice.Results The score of students in experimental group were higher than those of control group (P=0.015,0.001,0.026 for the students in the grade of 2008,2009 and 2010 seperately).The two survey shows that the experimental group is better than the control group in the aspects of learning interest,clinical thinking ability,clinical application ability,solving difficult problem ability and language expression ability.Conclusion In the medical imaging practice teaching for clinical medical specialty undergraduate,the reasonable application of heuristic teaching,helps to improve students' learning enthusiasm and initiative,helps to cultivate medical students' ability of clinical application,and at the same time,can also improve teachers' teaching level.

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36) and Fenglong (ST 40) in treating senile dementia. Methods:A total of74 patients were randomly divided into an EA group and a medication group based upon the random digital table, 37 cases in each group. EA at Zusanli (ST 36) and Fenglong (ST 40) was given in the EA group, once every day, for six treatments per week. Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablets were given to the medication group, 5 mg per time and once a day in the former four weeks, 10 mg per time and once a day after 4 weeks, oral administration before sleep at night. The courses of the treatment were 12 weeks in both groups. The scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Barthel index (BI) were observed before and after the treatment, for processing the comparative analysis of the clinical effects after the course of the treatment. Results:The total effective rate was 86.5% in the EA group and 70.3% in the medication group. The therapeutic effect was better in the EA group than that in the medication group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). MMSE and BI scores after the treatment in the two groups were all elevated than those of the same groups before the treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). The improving situation was obviously better in the EA group than that in the medication group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:EA at Zusanli (ST 36) and Fenglong (ST 40) is affirmative in the therapeutic effect for senile dementia and can also improve the cognitive function and enhance the patients’ quality of life .

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of adult abdominal fat distribution and analyze its influencing factors by energy spectrum CT scan.Methods:The body height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference of 105 adults were measured, and the characteristics of abdominal fat distribution were evaluated by energy spectrum CT scan.Results:Compared with non-obese individuals, the contents of abdominal subcutaneous fat, abdominal cavity and liver ectopic fat were higher in obese patients ( P<0.05), and the intramuscular fat (IMAT) content did not increase with the increase of BMI. In middle-aged group, the waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) abdominal cavity area and IMAT content were higher than those in the youth group, and the muscle content of the middle-aged group was lower than that of the youth group, the difference between the two groups was significant ( P<0.05); the male group had higher abdominal cavity area and muscle content than the female group, while the female group had higher the subcutaneous fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and erector spinae fat content than the male group, the differences were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The characteristics of abdominal fat distribution of subjects with different BMI, age and gender were different. Therefore, we should pay attention to the individual assessment of ectopic fat distribution in obese patients. Energy spectrum CT can be used as an important approach for the assessment of ectopic fat to provide evidence for developing individualized weight loss programs.

Objective To study the clinical management way for HPV+/papanicolaou (Pap)-during cervical cancer screening.Methods To analyze retrospectively the data from the patients who had loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) for biopsy confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ in Peking University People's Hospital from Jan.2010 to Dec.2014.Results (1) For biopsy confirmed CINⅡ,HPV positive rate was 98.5％ (135/137),Pap test positive [≥atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS)] rate was 69.3％ (95/137),there was significant difference between them (x5=43.32,P＜0.01).(2) For the 42 patients with HPV+/Pap-,whose cytology slides were reviewed again.Among them,the interpretations of there were 16 cases confirmed as the same before,while 26 cases were changed to abnormal (≥ASCUS).Cytology be misdiagnosed was 19.0％ (26/137) at the first review.Among the 26 cases,13 (50.0％) cases were missed for the little amount of abnormal cells,8 (30.8％) cases for mild atypical morphology changed;the other 5 (19.2％) cases missed for stain problems.(3) For the cervical LEEP samples,37 cases of the pathology diagnosis were upgrade to CIN Ⅲ+,among them,2 cases of microinvasive cervical carcinoma,1 case of invasive cancer,34 cases of CIN Ⅲ;37 cases were CINⅠ or no lesion found;63 cases were still CIN Ⅱ.Four to six months later after LEEP,the cytology abnormal rate was 11.7％ (16/137),and the HR-HPV positive rate was 34.3％ (47/137).Conclusions Compared with cytology alone,cytology combined with HPV testing increase the sensitivity of cervical high grade lesion.For the cases of HPV+/Pap-cases,the cytology slides should be reviewed.The quality control of cervical exfoliate sample collection and interpretation should be strengthened.LEEP procedure is not only a treatment method,but also it could provide samples to confirm the diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the strategy of how to select an effective flap for reconstruction of the surgical defect in clavicular region after resection of malignant tumour and care for the aesthetic appearance of the flap donor site.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. Twenty-three patients with soft tissue malignant tumour in clavicle region were treated, from March 2017 to April 2023, in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (the First People’s Hospital of Changde). The patients were 13 males and 10 females, aged 21 to 72 years old. Ten patients were of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 6 of fibrosarcoma, 3 of squamous cell carcinoma of skin, 3 of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and 1 of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Nine patients had the first surgery and 14 were with tumour recurrence and had previousely received one or more surgery in other hospitals. The tumour size ranged from 2.0 cm×4.5 cm×1.0 cm to 10.0 cm×16.0 cm×3.0 cm. After radical resection, the sizes of surgical defect ranged from 9.0 cm×12.0 cm to 16.0 cm×22.0 cm. All the clavicular soft tissue malignancies had radical resection, and the secondary surgical defects were further modified to reduce the short and long dimensions of the defects. Flaps were selected according to the short dimension, depth and skin elasticity of the flap donor site. Of the 23 patients, 3 were treated with free inguinal flaps, 9 with ipsilateral pedicled latissimus dorsi flaps or thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps, 5 with free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEPF), 5 with free anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) and 1 with free rectus abdominis flap. The modified defects sized 5.0 cm × 11.0 cm-12.0 cm×19.0 cm after the suture of margin and base of the defects (defects were reduced and modified). The flap sizes were 7.0 cm×13.0 cm-14.0 cm×23.0 cm. After surgery, the wound healing was observed through the visits of outpatient clinic, and telephone and WeChat interviews. According to the nature of the tumours, the patients were regularly reviewed at outpatient clinic to determine the local recurrence and metastasis of the tumour.Results:One pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was found with a greater tension after surgery. After partial removal of sutures and dressing changes, the secondary suture was performed 1 week later and the wound healed smoothly. A postoperative venous crisis was discovered in a free ALTF. It was monitored and re-anastomosed within 24 hours after surgery, and the flap survived and the wound healed smoothly. Otherwise, the rest of flaps achieved good blood supply and the wounds at the recipient and donor sites healed in one stage. In the postoperative follow-up, all flaps in the clavicular region were found good in appearance with no obvious swelling, and the donor sites healed well without scar contracture or dysfunction. One patient with a squamous cell carcinoma died of lung metastasis at 13 months after surgery. The rest of patients were found no tumour recurrence and had completed postoperative follow-up.Conclusion:After radical resection of malignant soft tissue tumours in the clavicular region, appropriate flaps were selected according to the size (short diameter) and depth of the modified defects, as well as the skin elasticity and relaxation of the flap donor site, hence to facilitate the direct suture of the flap donor site. It not only effectively reconstructs the surgical defect in clavicular region, but also minimises the damage to the flap donor site and achieves an aesthetic appearance at the flap donor site.

Objective:To explore the repair methods and effects of refractory wounds in patients after spinal internal fixation operation .Methods:The study was a retrospective observational study. From November 2020 to October 2023, 10 patients with refractory wounds after spinal internal fixation operation were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Changde Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University. They were 3 males and 7 females, aged 35 to 68 years. There were 6 cases of thoracolumbar tuberculosis, 3 cases of thoracolumbar fracture, and 1 case of recurrent sacrococcygeal chordoma with skin, soft tissue, and bone defects after radical resection. The wound areas after debridement were 6.0 cm×1.5 cm to 27.0 cm×6.5 cm. The wound repair operation was decided to perform in the primary stage or in the secondary stage according to the wound situation. Two patients with type Ⅰ wounds were treated with debridement, direct suture, and continuous irrigation and drainage with catheter after operation. Eight patients with type Ⅱ wounds were repaired with local flaps (including rotation flap with dermis-fat flap at the end), muscle flaps, or muscle flaps combined with local flaps. The flap sizes were 10.0 cm×5.0 cm to 27.0 cm×14.0 cm, and the sizes of muscle flap were 8.0 cm×5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 17.0 cm×9.5 cm×2.0 cm. The wounds in flap donor areas were sutured directly. The wound treatment methods of patients with type Ⅱ wounds were recorded. The wound healing was observed after operation. The infection and recurrence of wounds, the retention of internal fixation materials, and spinal motor function were observed during follow-up.Results:Among patients with type Ⅱ wounds, there were 3 cases applied with local flaps (including 1 case with rotation flap with dermis-fat flap at the end), 3 cases with muscle flaps (including 1 case with latissimus dorsi muscle flap and 2 cases with erector spinal muscle flaps), and 2 cases with muscle flaps (1 case with latissimus dorsi muscle flap and 1 case with erector spinal muscle flap) combined with local flaps. Only 1 case with secondary defects after radical surgery of sacrococcygeal chordoma had poor wound healing which healed after dressing change, and the wounds of the remaining 9 cases all healed well. During the follow-up of 4 to 18 months, no infection or recurrence of local wounds developed in 10 patients, the internal fixation materials were not loosening, and there was no significant limitation in spinal motor function.Conclusions:For refractory wounds after spinal internal fixation operation, according to the wound type of patients, debridement, suture, irrigation, and drainage in the primary stage, or transplantation of local flaps, muscle flaps, muscle flaps combined with local flaps are performed in the primary stage or in the secondary stage. These methods are proved to have reliable therapeutic effects, not only repairing the wounds, but also retaining the internal fixation materials.

Abdomen/diagnostic imaging* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Body Composition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic