The sanitary habitation and office are very important for human health, so cleaning is an absolutely necessary part in our living. Although cleaning presents a substantial perceived benefits for our living, there are still some risks for our health. Except for the exposures to dust and other particulate matter suspended during cleaning activities, the main health problem caused by cleaning is the cleaning products. The main hazard composition of cleaning products, air pollution, inhalation pathways, health adverse effects and the measures for reducing the exposures to indoor air pollution caused by cleaning were reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To assess the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and chitosan(a water soluble derivation) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPDLFs). Methods:In vitro cultured HPDLFs of passage 5-7 were in culture medium only(group 1), or exposed to 10 ng/ml of bFGF(group 2), 10 ng/ml of bFGF combined with 0.2 mg/ml chitosan(group 3),10 ng/ml of bFGF combined with 2 mg/ml chitosan(group 4),0.2 mg/ml of chitosan(group 5) or 2 mg/ml of chitosan(group 6) for 5 days respectively. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay,alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis were measured by AMP method and radioimmunoassay respectively.Results:Higher proliferation of HPDLFs was observed in group 2 and 3,higher alkaline phosphatase activity in group 5 and 6, and higher osteocalcin synthesis in group 3 and 4.Conclusions:bFGF combined with chitosan(0.2 mg/ml) may increase the proliferation of HPDLFs, stimulate HPDLFs to differentiate into osteoblasts.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors on the formation of mammospheres from MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 and primary breast cancer epithelial cells,and to detect the proportion of CD44+/CD24-/low among them.Methods:MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 and primary breast cancer epithelial cells were cultured in suspension to generate primary mammospheres.After 7 days of cultivation,the proportion of cancer stem cells was measured in cells derived from mammosphere cells or monolayer culture cells by flow cytometry.Results:MCF-7 had the highest efficiency of mammosphere formation(2.1%?0.3%),while MDA-MB-231 cells hardly had any mammosphere formation,and no mammosphere formation was observed in breast cancer epithelial cells.MCF-7 tended to adhere under stem cell culture conditions without B27.Flow cytometry analysis indicated that,compared with 2.0%?0.1% for the MCF-7 monolayer culture cells,11.8%?0.3% and 8.2%?0.8% of the MCF-7 mammosphere cells from MCF-7 under different conditions were CD44+/CD24-/low(P

Doctor-patient trust plays an important role in doctor-patient knowledge transfer.Investigating the basic features and trust performance of the patients, the authors classified by means of a cluster analysis, the patients into four groups with such criteria as the trust on hospital, trust on doctors, patient's awareness of the knowledge, and patient's compliance to the doctor's advice. The four groups are rational and suspicious, passive compliance, high self-confidence, and blind trust groups. In view of behavioral characteristics of the patients, different doctor-patient knowledge transfer strategies are suggested, in an effort to perform effective doctor-patient communication and to gain patient's trust.

Objective To definite the correlation between allergic diseases with the occurrence risk and prognosis of colorec tal cancer by meta analysis.Methods The databases of PubMed,MEDLINE,EMBASE,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang data were retrieved by computer.The time limit was from January 1988 to October 2015.The literatures were screened and the data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The meta analysis was performed by using STATA12.0 software.Results A total of 16 articles(ll cohort studies,5 case-control studies)were included in this study.The meta analysis showed that the risk of colorectal cancer occurrence in the patients with allergic diseases was significantly lower than that of the control group(OR=0.88,95％CI:0.80-0.98,P＜0.05;the stratified analysis found that the risk of colorectal cancer occurrence in the patients with hay fever(OR=0.93,95％CI..0.87-0.99,P＜0.05)and patients with allergic dermatitis(OR=0.73,95％CI:0.56-0.95,P＜ 0.05) were lower than that of the control group.Compared with the control group,the death risk of colorectal cancer in the patients with allergic diseases was significantly lower than that of the control group(OR=0.73,95 ％ CI:0.85-0.97,P＜0.05).Conclusion The patients with allergic diseases may reduce the occurrence risk and death risk of colorectal cancer through enhancing the recognition ability of immune system and destroying tumor cells.

The studies on the antihypoxia mechanism of 18?-SGA were reported. The survival time of hypoxia mice were longer than those of the control after intraperitoneal injections of 14mg/kg or 21mg/kg of 18?-SGA ( Sodium 18?-glycyrrenetic acid). Changes of various physiological indications after administration of the drug were as follows: blood pH was risen; acidosis was relieved; and the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixed blood was decreaed. The blood thyroxine level remain unchanged. It suggests the utilization of oxygen by the tissues was strengthened.

Process for the industrial production of sodium alginate from Sargassum siliquastrum was reported. The main influential factors in the extraction process were discussed in detail. As a result, the product conformed to British Pharmacopoeia (1968 ) in colour, lustre, purity and heavy matals. The yield was 20%.

Objective To compare the differences between doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand,and propose matching behavior model of Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer.Methods Useing empirical analysis through questionnaire survey,tests and verities investigate data's reliability,validity.Significant test of the differences between doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand is conducted with ANOVA,and the detail relationship is conducted by comparison of the average values.Results Patient knowledge transfer demand is much higher than doctor knowledge transfer willingness.What' s more,this paper divides content of Doctor Patient knowledge transfer into four kinds:high doctor intention-high patient demand,high doctor intention-low patient demand,low doctor intention-high patient demand,low doctor intention-low patient demand.Conclusions Mismatching of doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand is the main reason of medical information asymmetry.Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer strategies are suggested based on the performance features of the four groups.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of dexmedetomidine through evaluating the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia during laparotomy in patients with mild liver dysfunction.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index 20-26kg/m2,Child-Pugh grade A,undergoing radical resection for stomach or colon cancer,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each):propofol and remifentanil group (group Ⅰ),low-dose dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil group (group Ⅱ) and high-dose dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil group (group Ⅲ).In Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.2 μg·kg-1 · h-1 and 0.4 μg·kg 1 · h-1,respectively,until 30 min before the end of surgery after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg and 0.8 μg/kg,respectively,was infused at 10 min before induction of anesthesia.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2-4 μg/ml),iv infusion of remifentanil 0.2 μμg·kg-1 · h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of rocuronium 0.15 mg/kg.BIS value was maintained at 40-60.Before dexmedetomidine infusion (T0),at 2 min before intubation (T1),at 1 min after intubation (T2),immediatay after zskin incision (T3),and at 30 min of surgery (T4),arterial blood samples were taken for measurement of concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E).The emergence time,adverse cardiovascular events,and the development of nausea and vomiting and restlessness during recovery from anesthesia were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the plasma concentration of propofol was significantly decreased,and the incidence of tachycardia and restlessness during recovery from anesthesia were significantly decreased in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups,and the incidence of bradycardia during operation was significantly increased,and the incidence of hypertension during recovery from anesthesia was significantly decreased,and the emergence time was prolonged in group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,the plasma concentration of propofol was significantly decreased,the incidence of bradycardia during operation was increased,and the emergence time was prolonged in group Ⅲ (P ＜0.05).The plasma NE and E concentrations were significantly higher at T2.3 in group Ⅰ,and were lower at T1-4 in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups than those at T0 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 0.4 μg/kg injected before induction of anesthesia followed by infusion at 0.2 μg·kg-1 · h-1 is the recommended optimum method for application of dexmedetomidine when combined with propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia during laparotomy in patients with mild liver dysfunction.

Objective To explore the inhibition effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist monoclonal antibody cetuximab (C225) on breast cancer stem cells in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Methods The effects of C225 on the proliferation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were detected by MTT assay. MCF-7 cells were cultured to generate primary mammospheres, and were divided into control group, C225 group, epidermal growth factor (EGF) group and EGF + C225 group according to whether or not the culture media contained exogenous EGF and C225.Thirteen days after culture, the volume and number of mammospheres of these four groups were observed, and mammosphere-forming efficiency ( MFE) was calculated. The percentages of CD44~+ CD24~- cells in mammospheres of these four groups and in routinely cultured MCF-7 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results The inhibition rate on MCF-7 cells increased with the concentration of C225.Compared with control group, the volume of mammospheres in C225 group significantly decreased, and MFE and percentages of CD44~+ CD24~- cells in mammospheres significantly decreased [(0.61 ±0.04)% vs (1.44±0.09)%, P<0.01; (3.50±0.29)% vs (9.07 ±0.52) % , P<0.01]. Compared with EGF group, the volume of mammospheres in EGF + C225 group significantly decreased, and MFE and percentages of CD44~+ CD24~- cells in mammospheres significantly decreased [ (0.68 ± 0.04) % vs (1.61 ± 0.05) % , P < 0.01; (4.00 ± 0.58) % vs (10.47 ± 0.79) % , P < 0.01]. The percentage of CD44~+ CD24~- cells in routinely cultured MCF-7 cells was (2.03 ±0.15) % , and was significantly different from those in EGF group and control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in volume of mammospheres, MFE and percentage of CD44~+ CD24~- cells in mammospheres between EGF group and control group (P >0.05). Conclusion C225 has significant inhibition effects on CD44~+ CD24~- cells in MCF cells.