Objective:To investigate the expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) and synuclein gamma (SNCG) in esophageal cancer and their correlation with local invasion, lymph node metastasis and apoptosis. Methods:The expression of TFPI-2, SNCG, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by immunohistochemical SP methods in 82 cases of esophageal cancer tissues, 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia tissues, and 54 cases of para-cancerous tissues. The apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells was detected by TUNEL staining and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results:The positive rates were 30.4%, 60.0%, and 87.0% for TFPI-2 protein and 63.4%, 30.0%, and 3.7% for SNCG protein in the tumor tissues, atypical hyperplasia tissues,and tumor-adjacent normal tissues, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three groups(P<0.01). The positive expression of TFPI-2 and SNCG correlated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion depth, TNM staging, and differentiation degree of esophageal cancer (P<0.01), but did not correlate with age at surgery, gender, tumor location, and pathologic classification(P>0.05). The expression of TFPI-2 and MMP-9 was negatively correlated (r=-0.636, P=0.000). The expression of SNCG and MMP-9 was positively correlated(r=0.393,P=0.000). AI was related with TFPI-2 and SNCG expression (P<0.05). Conclusion:TFPI-2 not only inhibited the expression of MMP-9 but also induces apoptosis of esophageal cancer to prevent tumor invasion and metastasis, however, SNCG plays a contradictory role in cancer development. TFPI-2 and SNCG might serve as new tumor markers and the new targets for tumor gene therapy.

Objective To investigate CT and MRI features of giant cell tumor of the skull.Methods CT and MRI features of 5 patients with giant cell tumor of the skull with histopathologically confirmed were analyzed retrospectively.Plain CT scanning was performed in all 5 patients.Plain MRI,contrast-enhanced MRI and HRCT scanning with facial nerve and auditory ossicle chain computer reconstruction were performed in 3 patients with giant cell tumor of temporal bone.Results Tumor occured unilateral in all cases,4 cases on the right side,1 case on the left side.CT scan showed a wide range of expanding destruction without sclerotic border,residual bone septum and bone cladding, On MRI, tumor signal variable;tumor appeared hypo-isointense on T1WI and heterogeneous hyperintense with hypointense rim on T2WI.CE-MRI: solid part of tumor show heterogeneous enhancement.Conclusion CT features of giant cell tumors of the skull was wide range of expanding destruction, residual bone septum and bone cladding.On T2WI, low signal in the rim of tumor was the disease characteristic imaging finding;Auditory ossicle chain and facial nerve CPR reconstruction made prepare for preoperative evaluation of otosteon and facial nerve,to provide more accurate image information for clinical treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and parameters for macrophage uptake oxygen and paclitaxel loaded lipid microbubbles (OPLMBs) in vitro.Methods OPLMBs were synthesized by mechanical vibration method and incubated with macrophages in different conditions in vitro.The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was observed by bright field microscope.Results The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was closely related to the size,concentration as well as the incubation time of OPLMBs with the macrophage.The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs had a reverse relationship with the size of microbubbles.The highest rate of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was (18.9 ± 0.69)％ when the ratio of macrophages to microbubbles was 1 to 10,the time for macrophages co-incubation with microbubbles was 30 min,which was the suitable condition for macrophages uptake OPLMBs.Conclusions OPLMBs can be phagocytized successfully by macrophages in vitro.The size,concentration as well as the incubation time of OPLMBs with the macrophages are important parameters contributed to the efficiency of macrophage phagocytosis.

Ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3) is one of the main components in plasma of Panax quinquefolius Saponin of stem and leaf (PQS), which can be into human plasma. Previous studies have found PQS has estrogen-like vascular protective effects. In the present study, we investigated the estrogen-like protective effect of GRb3 on oxidative stress and dysfunction of endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The activities of SOD, NOS and the contents of MDA in the cell lysate were examined by enzyme method or spectrophotometry. The NO and ET-1 concentrations in the cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA method. The iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression were measured by real time RT-PCR, while the phosphorylation levels of Akt was measured by Western blotting. The results showed that GRb3 could enhance the activity of SOD, reduce the content of MDA, increase the level of NOS, NO, ET-1 and iNOS mRNA expression while decrease the eNOS mRNA expression and the phosphorylation level of Akt. These effects were blocked by estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780. GRb3 can play a role in protecting vascular endothelial cells by estrogen receptors, the protective mechanism is similar to 17-β estrodiol.

Objective To study plasmid-mediated transfer,plasmid replicon typing,and genetic environment of blaNDM-1 gene in Enterobacteraerogenes(E.aerogenes).Methods E.aerogenes HN-NDM0711 was used as the subject of this research,the transferable properties of plasmid were analyzed by conjugation testing,conjugant was performed stability testing,plasmid type was determined by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT),downstream and upstream of blaNDM-1 were sequenced using chromosome walking method,genetic context was analyzed by BLASTN and BALSTP,as well as annotated using Vector NTI 11.5.1 software,sequence pipeline graph was made,the sequence was submitted to Genbank through software Banklt.Results The conjugation testing of E.aerogenes pHN-NDM0711 was positive,after positive conjugant was conducted 4-day passage,minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem and meropenem to all the cloned strains didn't change,blaNDM-1 were all positive.The replicon type was IncA/C;blaNDM-1 gene was localized between ISAba14 and IS91,at upstream of the blaNDM-1,class 1 integron and Tn3 transposon were identified,class 1 integron contained a new mosaic structure of a drug-resistant resistance gene cassette.Conclusion E.aerogenes pHN-NDM071 1,bearing blaNDM-1 gene in IncA/C plasmid,derived from gene recombination under different antimicrobial selection pressure.Antimicrobial use in clinical,industrial and agricultural area should be strictly controlled,so as to reduce the emergence of such bacteria.

Minimizing the underlying risk and maximizing the benefits of drag users, by using drags under a safe, efficient and economical principle, is both the requirement and purpose of clinical rational drug use. This paper evaluates the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the market based on its characteristics, considering if the drugs are safely applied, if the medicine has an anticipated effect, and if the medicine is properly priced. This paper also brings the idea of establishing an evaluation system integrated with the characteristics of TCM to monitor the clinical application of TCM after going into the market and thus further optimizes the clinical instructions of applying TCM and helps to guide the appropriate usage of TCM.
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; economics

Objects: To clarify the risk factors of candidemia and to assess the clinical differences that may exist between infection with Candida parapsilosis and that with other Candida species in cancer patients. To statistically analyze the clinical characteristics of Candi-da albicans candidemia and C. parapsilosis candidemia and risk factors for their infections. We aimed at a timely intervention through this type of analysis to avoid susceptible factors and improve the prognosis of patients with candidemia. Methods: We retrospectively included 323 patients with candidemia in Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2012 and February 2018 and analyzed the clinical characteristics of these patients to establish the risk factors of candidemia. We performed a comparative anal-ysis of the clinical characteristics of C. parapsilosis infections and non-parapsilosis Candida spp. infections and of C. albicans infections and non-albicans Candida spp. infections. In addition, drug sensitivity tests and analyses were performed with the common antifungal drugs used in Candida infections by a micro-broth dilution method. The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used for the analyses. Results: A total of 323 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Of the isolates, 34.37% were C. albicans and 65.63% were non-albicans Candida spp. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the occurrence of C. parapsilosis candidemia: parenteral nutrition (P<0.001), neutropenia (P<0.001), history of receiving chemotherapy (P=0.002), and history of previous antifungal use (P<0.001). Parenteral nutrition was found to be an independent risk factor for C. albicans candi-demia (OR=0.183; 95%CI:0.098?0.340; P<0.001). Conclusions: C. parapsilosis was found to be the primary pathogen in cancer patients with candidemia. Total parenteral nutrition in the intensive care unit at diagnosis and abdominal surgery were independent risk factors of candidemia, and parenteral nutrition was an independent risk factor of C. parapsilosis candidemia. At present, C. parapsilosis is sur-passing C. albicans as the main pathogen of candidemia in cancer patients at our hospital. This study emphasizes the need to assess the possible risk factors for candidemia in cancer patients and aims at strengthening and developing a hospital-based control strategy to prevent the spread of candidemia.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory injury of hepatocytes, which can develop into liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Timely immunosuppressive therapy can help patients achieve biochemical remission and even histological remission and thus improve prognosis. However, adverse drug reactions during treatment and recurrence after withdrawal are commonly seen, and therefore, standard therapy, dose reduction at the right time, and timely drug withdrawal are important for improving patients’ prognosis. This article summarizes the advances in guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AIH and related studies in China and globally, so as to provide a reference for clinicians in the treatment of AIH.

OBJECTIVESTo study the usefulness of CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC) in patients with incomplete conventional colonoscopy (CC) and assess the statistical differences between two methods of colorectal segment examination.

METHODSSixty patients with incomplete CC underwent volume scanning using spiral CT. CT VC images were obtained using a navigator software in workstation. All patients were confirmed by surgical or CC biopsy histology. Statistical analysis was done using t test comparing two sample percentages.

RESULTSCTVC succeeded in 55/60 patients (91.7%) who had incomplete CC. Additional lesions were identified in the proximal colon in 15/55 patients (27.3%), including 1 primary carcinoma, 16 polyps in 13 patients and 1 ulcerative colonitis. The main cause of incomplete CC was occlusive mass; others were redundant, tortuous colon loops, and excessive colonic spasm. There was a statistically significant difference between the two methods in colorectal segment examination.

CONCLUSIONCTVC is a feasible and effective adjunctive method for evaluating the entire colorectal segment following an incomplete CC procedure. It offers a new approach for colorectal examination.

Adult ; Aged ; Colonoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of selenocysteine(SeC) on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(tFCI/R) injury in mice.Methods:A tFCI/R model was established in Kunming mice after 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Forty mice qualified for surgery were screened by doppler blood flow monitoring and neurological function defect score, and were randomly assigned to the SeC treatment group and the tFCI/R control group, while another 20 mice were selected as the Sham operation control group (underwent the whole operation without middle cerebral artery obstruction). Mice in SeC treatment group were given SeC solution intraperitoneal injection (2 mg/30 g) once at 0 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery, and mice in the tFCI/R group and Sham group were injected with the same amount of saline in the same manner. At 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after surgery, 6 mice were randomly selected from each group for neurological impairment score and neurobehavioral test. Then the volume of cerebral infarction was measured by TTC staining, the degree of cerebral edema was measured by wet-dry weight method, the apoptosis of neurons was observed by Tunel-DAPI staining, the activity of caspase-3 and PARP were detected by Western blot, and the expressions of GSH and GSH-PX in mouse brain tissues were detected.Results:The Zea Longa scores of tFCI/R group((3.67±0.52), (3.33±0.52), (2.17±0.41) points) at 24h, 48h and 72h after surgery were significantly higher than that of Sham group((0.50±0.55), (0.67±0.52), (0.33±0.52)) ( t=10.26, 8.86, 6.81, all P<0.05). The scores of SeC treatment group ((2.50±0.55), (1.67±0.82), (0.83±0.75)) were significantly lower than that of tFCI/R group ( t=3.79, 4.19, 3.84, all P<0.05). The behavioral assessment results were consistent with the Zea Longa score. TTC experiment 72 h after surgery showed that no infarction lesion was formed in Sham group. Compared with tFCI/R group ((24.69±2.25)%), SeC treatment group ((11.89±1.64)%) had significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=10.28, P<0.05). Wet-dry weight measurement showed that compared with Sham group, the moisture content ((85.87±1.36)%) of left brain tissue in tFCI/R group increased significantly ( t=8.73, P<0.05), the water content of left brain tissue in SeC treatment group ((81.06±1.07)%) decreased compared with tFCI/R group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=6.22, P<0.05). Tunel-DAPI staining and Western blot results showed that SeC treatment significantly down-regulated the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, thus inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. GSH content in brain tissue was significantly increased in SeC treatment group ((85.83±1.46)%) compared with tFCI/R group ((64.69±2.15)%), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=18.19, P<0.05). The activity of GSH-PX in brain tissue was significantly increased in the SeC treatment group ((49.12±1.13)%)compared with the tFCI/R group ((38.74±1.93)%), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=10.38, P<0.05). Conclusion:SeC plays an effective neuroprotective role in tFCI/R-induced brain injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, which confirms the potential application value of SeC in the prevention and treatment of stroke.