Objective To investigate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on the expression of Calpain Ⅰ-Cdk5/p25 pathway in the hippocampal CA1 area by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice.Methods Mice were divided into model group,sham-operated group and donepezil-treated group.The expression of Calpain Ⅰ in hippocampal CA1 area was measured by immunohistochemistry staining respectively at 4,6 and 8 weeks post cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Western blot was used to evaluate Cdk5 and p25 protein expression.Results The abilities of learning and memory performance was damaged significantly at 4,6 and 8 weeks after surgery compared to sham-operated group (P＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of model group were (0.098 ± 0.009),(0.129 ±0.01),(0.116 ± 0.01),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.03 ± 0.003),(0.031 ± 0.003),(0.029 ±0.003) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Cdk5 in model group was (0.54 ± 0.05),(0.73 ± 0.07),(0.7 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.23 ±0.02),(0.31 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of p25 in model group was (0.44 ± 0.04),(0.51 ± 0.04),(0.55 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group(0.19 ± 0.02),(0.24 ± 0.02),(0.2 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of donepezil-treated group was (0.041 ± 0.004),(0.054 ± 0.004),(0.046 ± 0.003),which were lower than that of model group.The expression of Cdk5 was (0.28 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.03),(0.38 ± 0.02),and expression of p25 was (0.26 ± 0.02),(0.25 ± 0.03),(0.21 ± 0.02),which were lower than that of model group respectively(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride probably improve the learning and memory abilities by reducing the expression of Calpain Ⅰ and Cdk5/p25.

Objective To investigate factors related to chronic pain in those injured with fractures 27 months after the Sichuan earthquake.The correlation between intensity of pain and quality of life was also analyzed.Methods A total of 705 victims were investigated on site.Their residual pain was categorized using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score as no pain,mild pain,moderate pain or severe pain.The pain-related biological,psychological and social factors were analyzed using the Barthel Index ( BI ),Life Satisfaction Questionaire-11 ( LiSat-11 )and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Rehabilitation and surgical interventions,employment,income and emotional status were also investigated. Results The incidence of chronic pain was 88.5％ in this population,of which mild pain and moderate pain were 35.7％ and 33.3％,respectively.The percentage of the victims who had received fracture surgery was 65.8％ ; the percentage of those who had recovered was 96.9％.BI scores for the victims without pain,with mild,moderate and severe pain were 92.7 + 10.2,92.8 + 8.4,91.2 ± 9.9 and 90.4 + 14.7,respectively ; the differences between these groups were all statistically insignificant.The influence of pain intensity on life satisfaction showed a significant linear trend.The percentages of the victims with restricted occupational ability in the four groups were 38.3％,61.5％,75.7％ and 62.8％ respectively.The median of personal annual income were ￥ 3550,￥ 2500,￥ 2000 and ￥ 2500.The VAS scores were significantly related to abnormal emotions,life satisfaction,employment and annual income.The subjects with different levels of residual pain also showed significant differences in the physical functioning,role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional and mental health sub-scales of the SF-36.The total SF-36 scores were highest among victims without pain (70.6 + 17.5) and declined significantly in those with mild (61.3 + 14.3 ),moderate (52.7 + 14.3 ) and severe pain (52.3 + 14.7 ).This negative correlation between pain intensity and SF-36 total score was statistically significant. Conclusions Chronic pain remains common among fracture victims 27 months after the earthquake.Its intensity is correlated with psychological and social factors as well as quality of life.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulation of lower polypeptide from sea cucumber in mice.Methods Effects of polypeptide from sea cucumber on the immunity were studied by the observation of the serum hemolysins level(HC_(50)),the plaque-forming cell (PFC),the phagocytosis of the phagocytes and the activities of NK cells.Results To compare experiment groups with control group,the enhancement facilitation of HC_(50),PFC,phagocytosis ability of macrophage and activity of NK cell was observed.Conclusion The results indicated that polypeptide from sea cucumber has the function of immunomodulation in mice.

Objective To observe the effect of low concentration Aβ1-42 monomer/oligomers and CORM-2 in different concentration on livability of SN56 cells. Methods SN56 cells were cultured in the 96-well plate with uniform concentration, and were divided into control group, Aβ1-42 group, Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM group, and Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 100 μM group. Three lines of cells in Aβ1-42 group were cultured in the surroundings of 10nM,100nM and 1 μM Aβ1-42monomer/oligomers, respectively. Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM group and Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 100μM group had the same culture condition as group Aβ1-42 ,except contain 50μM, and 100μM CORM-2, respectively. Control group didnt have any effect factor. Three days later,the livability of different groups was compared with MTT method. Results The livability of group Aβ1-42 with the increasing concentration of Aβ1-42 was (79.73 ±0.94)% ,(67.99 ±0.79)% ,(60.42 ±0.62)% , respectively. The higher the concentration of Aβ1-42 was,the lower the livability of SN56 cell was. The livability of group Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM/100μM was( 75.15±0.096)%,(63.20 ±0.17)%, (55.33 ±0.19)%; (73.20 ±0.27)%, (64.34 ±0.11 )%, (54.17 ±0.12)% , respectively. Both were lower than group Aβ1-42. And different CORM-2 concentration had discrepancy in the ability of decreasing the cell livability. Conclusion Low concentration of Aβ1-42 can reduce the livability of SN56 cells, and higher concentration has more significant effect; CORM-2 in different concentration both can decrease the livability of SN56 cells,and there is a discrepancy in the intensity.

To obtain oleaginous yeast mutants with improved lipid production and growth rates, an atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) jet was used with a 96-well plate for high throughput screening. Mutants with changes in growth rates and lipid contents were obtained. At a lethality rate of 99%, the positive mutation rate of the yeast cells was 27.2% evaluated by the growth rates of the mutants and the comparison with the wild strain. The fermentation in a medium composed of yeast extract (10 g/L), peptone (10 g/L) and D-glucose (20 g/L) resulted in the lipid yield of the mutant (C4) with 4.07% (W/W) compared with that of the wild strain (1.87%).
Atmosphere ; Biofuels ; Culture Media ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Mutation ; Peptones ; pharmacology ; Temperature ; Yeasts ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

metastatic breast cancer , and analyze the correlation between illness uncertainty and coping style . Methods A total of 98 patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer were investigated using Chinese version of Mishel′s uncertainty in illness scale ( MUIS ) and medical coping mode questionnaire ( MCMQ ) . Results The average score of illness uncertainty in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer was (62.50 ±10.89), and the level of illness uncertainty was intermediate .The score of coping style in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer were higher than domestic norm .The scores of avoidance in coping style between two groups was significantly different (P<0.01).Partial correlation analysis indicated that the total score of illness uncertainty was negatively correlated with avoidance in coping style (P<0.05), positively correlated with resignation in coping style (P<0.01) and not correlated with confrontation in coping style (P>0.05).Conclusions Coping style of patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer is correlated with their illness uncertainty .Nurses should evaluate illness uncertainty in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and help them to take effective coping style so as to decrease illness uncertainty and improve therapeutic adherence and confidence in these patients .

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics and pituitary function of patients with primary empty sella (PES).Methods The clinical data from 123 hospitalized adult patients with PES from January 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively studied.Results (1) The average age of the 123 (male 43,female 80) PES patients was (59.2 ± 13.6) years (ranging 24-92 years),among whom 61％ patients were in the age group between 50-69 years.(2) The symptoms of the patients included fatigue (56.1％),headache (34.1％),nausea and vomiting (17.9％),gonadal dysfunction (17.1％),visual disturbance (5.7％) and hypopituitarism crisis (3.3％).(3) Hypopituitarism was found in 66 of the 123 patients.Among them,36.6％,31.7％ and 17.1％ were central hypoadrenalism,hypogonadism,and hypothyroidism,respectively.The percentage of hypopituitarism in complete PES was significantly higher than that in partial PES (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Sixteen patients were concomitant with other autoimmune diseases including 11 patients with Graves' disease and 2 with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma.Conclusions The incidence of hypopituitarism in PES was 53.7％,in which the pituitary-adrenal axis hypofunction was more common.An overall evaluation of the pituitary function was essential for the patients who had headache and fatigue,or with suspected PES.The patients with hypopituitarism should be given hormone replacement therapy in time and followed up afterword.

Objective To investigate the correlations among homocysteine(Hcy)level,serum cystatin C (Cys-c)and diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods Two hundred and three diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled,including 123 DPN patients(DPN+)and 80 non-DPN(DPN-)patients.Levels of serum Hcy,Cys-c,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and fiber fibrinogen(Fg)were detected.The above indi-cators and the baseline data such as sex,age,duration,BMI,WHR,HOMA-IR(CP),HOMA-islet(CP)were statistically analyzed. Results Hcy,Cys-c,and the duration of the DPN+ group were significantly higher than those in the DPN-group(P<0.05,respectively).HOMA-islet(CP)in the DPN-group was markedly higher than that in the DPN+group(P<0.01).The prevalence of DPN in the high level of Hcy group was much higher than that in the low and the normal level of Hcy group.Hcy was still significantly correlated with the Cys-c after taking the controlled procedure such as duration and fibrinogen. Conclusion High levels of Hcy and Cys-c are the criti-cal risk factors of DPN,collaborative determination of Hcy and Cys-c level might be of quitevaluable in early diag-nosis of DPN.

As an essential micronutrient in mammals, iodine is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormone and plays an important role in human life. Iodine itself has the characteristics of chemical elements, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other effects. It plays a role in some free radical-related chronic diseases. Iodine also has anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects on some tumor cells to inhibit tumor development. At present, many studies about iodine focus on its role in thyroid gland and its hormone. A little attention has been paid to the extrathyroidal action of iodine. Here we reviewed the role of iodine in extrathyroidal tissues and organs with iodine uptake capacity and its effect on metabolism.