Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Febuxostat on elderly patients with hyperuricemia.Methods 112 elderly male patients with hyperuricemia,aged over 65 years with mean age of(72.6± 5.8)years.All patients were randomly divided into Febuxostat 40 mg(37 cases),Febuxostat 80mg(38 cases)and Allopurinol(37 cases)groups.Blood samples were taken before and 2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks after treatment.And fasting venous blood samples were taken for detections.The changes of blood uric acid level,blood biochemical indexes (triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,urea,creatinine,Cystatin C,etc.) and side effects during treatment,and the blood uric acid targeting rate after 24 weeks of treatment were observed.Results After 2 weeks of treatment,the blood uric acid level was (500.23 ± 54.72) μmol/L in Allopurinol group and (380.07 ± 48.18) and (373.53 ± 43.42) μmol/L in two Febuxostat groups,with the statistically significant difference (F=77.740,P =0.000).After 4 weeks,the level of serum uric acid was basically targeted in Febuxostat group,although Allopurinol group showed uric acid level was reduced,but was not less than the 356.88 μmol/L.After 4 weeks of treatment,serum uric acid level was(294.43±40.45)μmol/ L in 80mg febuxostat group,(312.86±38.66)μmol/L in Febuxostat 40 mg group,(464.54± 51.75)μmol/L in allopurinol group(F=165.330,P=0.000).After 8 weeks of treatment,the blood uric acid level was basically targeted in all three groups.Compared with pre-treatment,after the treatment,the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol,Cystatin C and creatinine in the groups of 40 mg and 80 mg Febuxostat showed a certain degree of reduction (P =0.027,0.039;both P =0.004,P =0.037,0.000 respectively).And no serious adverse reactions were found.Conclusions Compared with Allopurinol treatment,Febuxostat tretment shows that the blood uric acid level drops faster,the target-reaching rate is higher at the end of treatment,no serious side effects are observed,and it may improve blood lipid regulation and renal protection.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in treatment of malignant tumors of renal allograft recipients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on renal allograft recipients who received immunosuppressive treatment at least half a year between 1978 and 2005. Results Fifty-eight cases of tumors were found in 1812 cases undergoing renal transplantation, 50 cases of them who had complete clinical data were included into analysis. Forty-four cases, that included 19 cases in rological system, 14 cases in digestive system, 5 cases in blood system, 6 cases in other systems, were diagnosed as having malignant tumors by pathological analysis. Most of them were treated with surgery. One-year survival rate was 68.0% after the diagnosis of malignant tumor. The longest survival time was 6.5 years. Most of the survivals possessed normal function of allograft. Conclusion Systemic follow-up is important for renal allograft recipients who suffered malignant tumors. Surgical operation is still the main therapy for those solid tumors. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies and quality of life to possess satisfactory allograft function. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the decrease dose of immunosuppressive agents and the preservation of allograft function.

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin combined with alendronate in the treatment of senile osteoporosis.Methods One hundred and sixty cases patients with osteoporosis were randomly divided into control group and study group,each group had 80 cases.Control group were received alendronate sodium tablets 70 mg weekly,alfacalcidol soft capsules,2 tablets daily,calcium carbonate tablets D 3,2 tablets daily.Study group received atorvastatin calcium 1 tablet daily based on control group.Twenty weeks were a course.Biochemical indicators(collagen amino terminal peptide(NTX),25-hydroxyitamin D,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),bone growth protein(BGP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),collagen type Ⅰ carboxyl terminal peptide(CTX) level),inflammatory factors(TNF α,IL-6) and visual analogue scale(VAS),bone mineral density(BMD) were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,VAS scores in both groups decreased significantly,while,VAS in study group((1.8±0.4) points) was significantly lower than that in control group((2.6±0.7) points,t=8.87,P<0.05).BMD in different parts in both groups increased significantly,while BMD in different parts in study group(femoral neck:(0.90±0.08) g/cm3,lumbar vertebra:(0.98±0.04) g/cm3,oblique eminence of cuboid bone:(0.79±0.04) g/cm3,femur:(0.98±0.07) g/cm3) were significantly higher than that in control group(femoral neck:(0.82±0.09) g/cm3,lumbar vertebra:(0.92±0.06) g/cm3,oblique eminence of cuboid bone:(0.72±0.05) g/cm3,femur:(0.90±0.06) g/cm3,t=5.94,7.44,9.78,7.76,P<0.05).NTX,PTH,CTX in both groups decreased significantly,while,NTX((10.3±2.8) nmlo/L),PTH((4.4±1.1) μg/L),CTX((0.3±0.1) μg/L) in study group was significantly lower than that in control group(NTX:(13.2±3.6) nmlo/L,PTH:(4.9±1.3) μg/L,CTX:(0.4±0.1) μg/L,t=5.69,2.63,6.32,P<0.05).And 25-hydroxy-vitamin D,ALP,BGP in both groups increased significantly,while 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in study group((20.4±3.7) ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in control group((18.6±3.5) μg/L).TNF-α,IL-6 in both groups decreased significantly(before treatment:TNF-α,IL-6 in study group were (9.0±2.3) μg/L,(167.2±55.6) μg/L,in control group were (8.9±2.5) μg/L,(162.5±68.4) μg/L),while,TNF-α,IL-6 in study group was significantly lower than that in control group((3.7±1.2) μg/L vs.(5.6±1.5) μg/L,(69.8±16.7) μg/L vs.(118.4±32.4) μg/L,(9.0±2.3) μg/L vs.(8.9±2.5) μg/L,t=8.85,11.93,P<0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin combined with alendronate sodium can effectively improve BMD in OP patients,relieve pain and improve clinical symptoms.

Objective To investigate the incidence of urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients and explore the mechanism of increased incidence in China and the management. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 22 patients with urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients between 1978 and 2010. Results Twenty-two cases of urological malignancy were diagnosed by pathologic evidence, including 9 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder, 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, 1 case of adenocarcinoma of bladder, 1 case of TCC of pelvis, 1 case of TCC of bladder and pelvis, 1 case of TCC of ureter complicated with adenocarcinoma of bladder, 2 cases of TCC of ureter, 2 cases of TCC of ureter and bladder, 3 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney, and 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma of kidney. All the malignancies belonged to native organs. All the patients suffering bladder cancer had normal function of allograft. Five patients with TCC of pelvis or ureter survived and 2 cases died early after operation. All the patients suffering renal carcinoma deceased within 6 months after diagnosis. One-year survival rate was 73. 7 % after the diagnosis of urological malignancy. Conclusion Urological malignancy ranked highest in malignancy in renal allograft recipients, and rare pathological types of urological malignancy in non-renal allograft recipients are often demonstrated. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the usage of immunosupressive agents and the preservation of allograft function. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies to possess satisfactory allograft function. The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is poor.

floss, prevention from caries and periodontal diseases, the scaling, and the oral health care for the elderly. The investigation showed that there are needs so great and so urgent for dentists to work hard on.

Objective To investigate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on the expression of Calpain Ⅰ-Cdk5/p25 pathway in the hippocampal CA1 area by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice.Methods Mice were divided into model group,sham-operated group and donepezil-treated group.The expression of Calpain Ⅰ in hippocampal CA1 area was measured by immunohistochemistry staining respectively at 4,6 and 8 weeks post cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Western blot was used to evaluate Cdk5 and p25 protein expression.Results The abilities of learning and memory performance was damaged significantly at 4,6 and 8 weeks after surgery compared to sham-operated group (P＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of model group were (0.098 ± 0.009),(0.129 ±0.01),(0.116 ± 0.01),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.03 ± 0.003),(0.031 ± 0.003),(0.029 ±0.003) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Cdk5 in model group was (0.54 ± 0.05),(0.73 ± 0.07),(0.7 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.23 ±0.02),(0.31 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of p25 in model group was (0.44 ± 0.04),(0.51 ± 0.04),(0.55 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group(0.19 ± 0.02),(0.24 ± 0.02),(0.2 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of donepezil-treated group was (0.041 ± 0.004),(0.054 ± 0.004),(0.046 ± 0.003),which were lower than that of model group.The expression of Cdk5 was (0.28 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.03),(0.38 ± 0.02),and expression of p25 was (0.26 ± 0.02),(0.25 ± 0.03),(0.21 ± 0.02),which were lower than that of model group respectively(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride probably improve the learning and memory abilities by reducing the expression of Calpain Ⅰ and Cdk5/p25.

Objective:To investigate the expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) and synuclein gamma (SNCG) in esophageal cancer and their correlation with local invasion, lymph node metastasis and apoptosis. Methods:The expression of TFPI-2, SNCG, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by immunohistochemical SP methods in 82 cases of esophageal cancer tissues, 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia tissues, and 54 cases of para-cancerous tissues. The apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells was detected by TUNEL staining and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results:The positive rates were 30.4%, 60.0%, and 87.0% for TFPI-2 protein and 63.4%, 30.0%, and 3.7% for SNCG protein in the tumor tissues, atypical hyperplasia tissues,and tumor-adjacent normal tissues, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three groups(P<0.01). The positive expression of TFPI-2 and SNCG correlated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion depth, TNM staging, and differentiation degree of esophageal cancer (P<0.01), but did not correlate with age at surgery, gender, tumor location, and pathologic classification(P>0.05). The expression of TFPI-2 and MMP-9 was negatively correlated (r=-0.636, P=0.000). The expression of SNCG and MMP-9 was positively correlated(r=0.393,P=0.000). AI was related with TFPI-2 and SNCG expression (P<0.05). Conclusion:TFPI-2 not only inhibited the expression of MMP-9 but also induces apoptosis of esophageal cancer to prevent tumor invasion and metastasis, however, SNCG plays a contradictory role in cancer development. TFPI-2 and SNCG might serve as new tumor markers and the new targets for tumor gene therapy.

Objective To observe the effect of low concentration Aβ1-42 monomer/oligomers and CORM-2 in different concentration on livability of SN56 cells. Methods SN56 cells were cultured in the 96-well plate with uniform concentration, and were divided into control group, Aβ1-42 group, Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM group, and Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 100 μM group. Three lines of cells in Aβ1-42 group were cultured in the surroundings of 10nM,100nM and 1 μM Aβ1-42monomer/oligomers, respectively. Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM group and Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 100μM group had the same culture condition as group Aβ1-42 ,except contain 50μM, and 100μM CORM-2, respectively. Control group didnt have any effect factor. Three days later,the livability of different groups was compared with MTT method. Results The livability of group Aβ1-42 with the increasing concentration of Aβ1-42 was (79.73 ±0.94)% ,(67.99 ±0.79)% ,(60.42 ±0.62)% , respectively. The higher the concentration of Aβ1-42 was,the lower the livability of SN56 cell was. The livability of group Aβ1-42 + CORM-2 50μM/100μM was( 75.15±0.096)%,(63.20 ±0.17)%, (55.33 ±0.19)%; (73.20 ±0.27)%, (64.34 ±0.11 )%, (54.17 ±0.12)% , respectively. Both were lower than group Aβ1-42. And different CORM-2 concentration had discrepancy in the ability of decreasing the cell livability. Conclusion Low concentration of Aβ1-42 can reduce the livability of SN56 cells, and higher concentration has more significant effect; CORM-2 in different concentration both can decrease the livability of SN56 cells,and there is a discrepancy in the intensity.

Objective To investigate the expressions of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and glycogen synthase kinasc-3β in the hippocampus in mice with vascular dementia (VaD) induced by repetitive bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male C57B1/6 mice were randomly allocated into 3 group:normal group,sham operation group,and model group (n =16 in each group).A mouse VaD model was induced by intermittent blocking the bilateral common carotid artery for 3 times in the model group.The sham group only separated the bilateral common carotid artery,but did not block it.The normal group did not receive any treatment.The behavioral changes of the mice were observed using the water maze and step-down tests at 4 weeks after procedure.HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of hippocampal tissue.The Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Akt,p-Akt (Ser473),GSK3β and p-GSK3β (Ser9) proteins.Results In the water maze test,the time of swimming the entire distance was prolonged at the learning stage and memory stage (learning stage:F =19.389,P ＜0.05; memory stage:F =27.929,P ＜ 0.05),the number of errors increased (learning stage:F =7.228,P ＜ 0.05; memory stage:F =21.189,P＜0.05) in the model group.In the step-down test,the response time was prolonged (F=19.162,P ＜0.05) at learning stage and the number of errors increased (F =6.562,P ＜ 0.05),the latency time was shortened (F=10.634,P＜0.05) and the number of errors increased (F=12.890,P＜0.05) in the model group.At the same time,HE staining showed the reduction of neurons and the proliferation of glial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in the model group; p-Akt (Ser473) (F=37.849,P＜0.05) and p-GSK3β (Ser9)(F =67.725,P ＜0.05) protein expressions were up-regulated significantly (F =37.849,P ＜0.05; F =67.725,P＜0.05) at 4 weeks after procedure compared to those in the sham operation group,while there were no significant differences in Akt (F =1.004,P ＞0.05) and GSK3β(F =0.329,P ＞0.05) total protein expressions among all groups.Conclusions The repetitive bilateral common carotid artery occlusion may result in learning and memory impairment and severe damage in the hippocampus in mice.The Akt and GSK3β expressions may be involved in the mechanism of VaD.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of losartan in the treatment of massive proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.Methods All of the 82 patients were randomized in two groups:losartan group and control group(amlodipine group).Both of the groups were divided into two different subsets according to blood pressure control Twenty-four-hour proteinuria,serum creatinine,blood pressure and adverse effects were observed.Results Losartan and amlodipine had the similar effects on blood pressure control The 24-h proteinuria in losartan group at the end of the study was significantly lower than that at the baseline,and there was significant difference between the losartan blood pressure control subset and the losartan blood pressure un-control subseL The effective rate and significant effective rate in losartan group for massive proteinuria were higher than in control group.Conclusion T Losartan can be effectively and safely used for the treatment of massive proteinuria in renal transplant recipients independent of blood pressure.