Objective·To eliminate the effects of intraperitoneal injection of transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor-Ig (TACI-Ig) on the opitc neuritis and the integrity of myelin sheath in mice.Methods·Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,which were blank control group,saline control group,low-dose (0.4 mg/kg) TACI-Ig group and high-dose (4 mg/kg) TACI-Ig group,with 6 mice in each group.All groups were received intraperitoneal injection every other day.The saline control group received 0.2 mL saline injection in the same way,and the blank control group was not given any intervention.After 20 d of treatment,the eyeballs and optic nerve tissues were collected from each mouse under anaesthesia,embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Luxol fast blue (LFB),respectively.Results·H-E staining indicated that optic nerve fibers arranged closely both in blank and saline control groups and the staining of tissues was uniform.The optic nerve structure of low-dose TACI-Ig group was similar to blank and saline control groups,while in high-dose of TACI-Ig group,the infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed.The inflammatory cell infiltration scores were not significantly different in all groups (P=0.610 3).The retinal structures of all groups were clear and distinct to observe,and single ganglion cells arranged tightly with complete cell shape,visible nucleus and uniform distribution.There was no difference in the retina structure among 4 groups.LFB staining indicated that there was no significant loss of the optic nerve myelin in 4 groups by microscope observation (P=0.473 6).Conclusion·Low-dose (0.4 mg/kg) TACI-Ig injection wouldn't damage the normal structure of optic nerves and retinal ganglion cells,meanwhile high-dose (4 mg/kg) of TACI-Ig injection might cause minor infiltration of inflammatory cells into retina.

BACKGROUND: Emerging studies have focused on cell transplantation. Schwann cells (SCs) can secrete various neurotrophic factors and improve local environment around injury. Plenty of documents have demonstrated that SCs could promote functional recovery following spinal injury. Many transplanting methods are available for treating spinal cord injury, and the intravenous cell transplantation is profitable for easy operation and avoidance of additional trauma. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intravenous transplantation of SCs on spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: The bilateral sciatic nerves of Wistar rats were separated in vitro, cultured by tissue clot method, identified by S-100 and labeled by Hoechst33342. Sixty rat models with T10 spinal cord injury were prepared using impactor model- II type weight drop apparatus. Then the injured rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank control, DMEM control and SCs transplantation groups. No treatment was performed in the blank control group. Totally 1 mL DMEM and or SCs was injected into rats of DMEM control and SCs transplantation groups by tail vein respectively. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (B6B) scores were performed at 1 day before and 1, 3 days, 1 week and weekly after operation. The migration of transplanted SCs was observed at 2 weeks and 4 after transplantation. The expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were detected by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immune-fluorescence staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purity of SCs reached 95%. Hoechst33342 positive cells were observed throughout the injured and the nearby region of spinal cord at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The statistical difference of BBB score among the SCs transplantation, blank control, and the DMEM control groups displayed at 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05), and the BBB scores of the SCs transplantation were higher than other groups. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed the cavity formed in each group at 8 weeks after transplantation, but the area of SCs transplantation was smaller than that of the blank control and DMEM control groups. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that the expression of GFAP were more intense in the blank control group and DMEM control than SCs transplantation (P < 0.05), while the expression of NSE was more intense in SCs transplantation than other groups (P< 0.05). It implied that intravenous transplantation of SCs promotes regeneration of axon and improves neurological functions after spinal cord injury in rats.

BACKGROUND:Schwann cells can secrete various neurotrophic factors,and promote functional recovery of injured spinal cord.However,xenogenic Schwann cells transplantation may induce autoimmune response.Moreover,local transplantation results in secondary injury.Vein transplantation may reached injury site passing the blood spinal cord barrier,but the treatment concentration is not effective.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of transplantation of autologous activated Schwann Cells(AASCs)via subarachnoid space on spinal cord injury(SCI)in rats.METHODS:A total of 66 rats were used to establish SCI models,and the model rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.The unilateral saphenous nerves of rats were ligated directly for 1 week to activate Schwann cells,but inactivated and model control groups were not subjected to nerve ligation.1 cm nerve was excised from distal end of each group,and Schwann cells were isolated and cultured by tissue mass method.The AASCs,autologous Schwann cells(ASCs)were injected with corresponding Hoechst33342-labeted SCs suspension,but the model control group was injected with DMEM injection.The basso beattie bresnahan(BBB)score and footprint analysis,as well as HE and GFAP immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate functional recovery of rat hind limbs.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:On 4 weeks after injury,BBB scores of AASCs were significantly superior to the other groups (P＜0.05).Two weeks after transplantation,some SCs migrated to injured spinal cord.Compared with ASCs group,the center distance of forward and hind feet and extorsion angle of the third toe of hind limb were significantly reduced in the AASCs group at 5 weeks(P＜0.05),the glial scar area was significantly decreased at 13 weeks(P＜0.05),and the cavity area of injured region was signiflcentJy diminished(P＜0.05).Results show that AASCs transplantation via subarachnoid space promoted functional recovery after SCI in rats.

Objective:To observe influence of statins on antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel and provide basis for ra‐tionality of statins combined clopidogrel treatment .Methods :According to random number table ,a total of 90 pa‐tients diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome were equally divided into clopidogrel group ,clopidogrel + simvastatin group and clopidogrel + pravastatin group . Three groups received corresponding routine medication treatment . Plasma levels of platelet αgranule membrane protein (CD62P) ,lysosomal granule membrane glycoprotein (CD63) and maximum platelet aggregation rate (MPAR) were measured and compared among three groups before and 3d af‐ter treatment .Results:Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in plas‐ma levels of CD62P and CD63 and MPAR in three groups , P<0.01 all .After treatment ,there were no significant difference in plasma levels of CD62P [ (14.63 ± 3.45) ng/ml vs .(14.14 ± 4.32) ng/ml vs .(14.59 ± 4.23) ng/ml] , CD63 [ (26.32 ± 10.43) ng/ml vs .(27.04 ± 10.75) ng/ml vs .(27.29 ± 9.27) ng/ml] and MPAR [ (28.62 ± 17.68)% vs .(28.38 ± 16.43)% vs .(29.13 ± 14.23)% ] among clopidogrel group ,clopidogrel + simvastatin group and clopidogrel + pravastatin group ,P>0.05 all .Conclusion:Short‐term and routine dose of statins combined clo‐pidogrel is feasible in treatment of acute coronary syndrome .The combined use of them will not affect antiplatelet function of clopidogrel .

Objective To investigate the dosimetric differences between Utrecht applicator and ring applicator in three-dimensional (3D) conformal brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods Twenty-five patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were treated with magnetic resonance imaging-guided 3D conformal brachytherapy.Utrecht applicator and ring applicator were used interchangeably for 96 cycles.Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of applicator.Each group received 48 cycles of treatment, in which ring applicator was first applied for 26 cycles and Utrecht applicator was first applied for 22 cycles.High-risk clinical target volume ( HR-CTV) , width, thickness, and D90 at the point A level, D2 cm3 of organs at risk (OARs), V7 Gy , W7 Gy,A, V7 Gy ,A, and W/T7 Gy were evaluated and analyzed using paired t-test.Results There were no significant differences in HR-CTV and the width, thickness, and D90 at the point A level between the Utrecht group and the ring group ( P=0.487;P=0.340;P=0.857;P=0.921);there were no significant differences in D2 cm3 values of bladder, rectum, sigmoid, and bowel between the two groups ( P=0.136;P=0.802;P=0.985;P=0.458);there were no significant differences in V7 Gy and T7 Gy,A between the two groups ( P=0.076;P=0.435) .The Utrecht group had a significantly larger W/T7 Gy,A than the ring group ( P=0.002 ) .Conclusions Utrecht applicator is appropriate for patients with relatively large width and width/thickness ratio of HR-CTV at the point A level.

Tourette syndrome(TS)is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder.Acupuncture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of TS patients.This article systematically summarized the clinical research status of acupuncture for the treatment of TS in recent years from the aspects of characteristic acupuncture methods,characteristic needles and comprehensive therapies,and put forward suggestions and prospects for systematically elaborating the peripheral-central mechanism of acupuncture for TS around the intestinal immunity and brain network mechanism in the future,so as to provide reference for optimizing clinical research and treatment.

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

The development of nanomedicine has recently achieved several breakthroughs in the field of cancer treatment; however, biocompatibility and targeted penetration of these nanomaterials remain as limitations, which lead to serious side effects and significantly narrow the scope of their application. The self-assembly of intermediate filaments with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide (RGD-IFP) was triggered by the hydrophobic cationic molecule 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD) to synthesize a bifunctional nanoparticle that could serve as a fluorescent imaging probe to visualize tumor treatment. The designed RGD-IFP peptide possessed the ability to encapsulate 7-AAD molecules through the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions by a one-step method. This fluorescent nanoprobe with RGD peptide could be targeted for delivery into tumor cells and released in acidic environments such as endosomes/lysosomes, ultimately inducing cytotoxicity by arresting tumor cell cycling with inserted DNA. It is noteworthy that the RGD-IFP/7-AAD nanoprobe tail-vein injection approach demonstrated not only high tumor-targeted imaging potential, but also potent antitumor therapeutic effects in vivo. The proposed strategy may be used in peptide-driven bifunctional nanoparticles for precise imaging and cancer therapy.

Objective: To evalate the effectiveness and suitability of a wearable health monitoring device for community-based management of hypertension. Methods: In December 2015, 400 patients with hypertension were enrolled from Beijing, Chaoyang. Subjects were divided into an experimental group (220 cases) and control group (180 cases), and baseline data were collected. The control group received follow-up with general planning while the experimental group received wearable health devices. Follow-up was performed three times using a questionnaire (April, August, and December 2016), and medical staff provided feedback and guidance. The experimental group was also classified according to risk factors and intervention measures were individually designed, and included monitor and medication compliance, self-management ability, and social support. Communication between patients and medical staff was recorded to form a case system. Evaluation indexes included accuracy and reliability, blood pressure management efficacy, behavior intervention efficacy, satisfaction, and disease burden. A t-test, non-parametric test, and chi-square test were used to compare the experimental and control groups before and after intervention. Results: At 1-year follow-up, after correcting for differences in baseline information between the two groups, statistically significant differences in numerical indexes were observed for number of visits within 1 month [1(1) vs. 1(1), Z=5.42], payment within 1 month [85(141) yuan vs. 40(70) yuan, Z=-2.66], visiting time [20(20) min vs. 20(15) min, Z=-2.82], exercise times [4.79(2.24) times/week vs. 4.09(2.00) times/week, Z=9.27], medication compliance score [7.33(5.77) vs. 8.70(5.24), Z=6.86], satisfaction [9.27(0.08) vs. 8.88(0.10), Z=11.77], diastolic pressure [(78.93±0.56) mmHg vs. (81.32±0.61)mmHg, F=8.70] (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and body mass index [(25.55±0.27) kg/m² vs. (27.74±0.43) kg/m², F=-2.24]. In addition, classification indexes adjusted for normalized blood pressure and habitus were different between experimental and control groups (χ²=3.89, 8.38, P≤0.05). The equipment worked well, with performance rates of over 90% (90.9%, 97.3%, and 92.7%). Conclusion The wearable health monitoring equipment showed good stability and reliability, and was able to effectively support health management in patients with hypertension in the community. At the same time, the equipment can improve healthy lifestyle compliance and awareness or self-management of blood pressure. In this manner, the burden of disease is reduced and the quality of life is improved.