0.05).Motor block with ropivacaine was recorded earlier than that with bupivacaine(P0.05).Conclusion Ropivacaine is superior to bupivacaine in postoperative analgesia and in motor recovery in children undergoing subabdominal surgery.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a disease with high incidence and mortality and has become a serious threat to human health. So far,none of the available markers can be used alone for early diagnosis of HCC.Recently identified serum markers with potential clinical value for early diagnosis of HCC are summarized,and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,as well as their applications in assessment of progression of the disease,are reviewed.It is suggested that alpha -fetoprotein should be used in combination with other serum markers to achieve accurate diagnosis of HCC at early stages.

[Objective]To explore the effects of axial stress regulation on healing of lengthened callus.[Method]Tibiaes of 40 rabbits divided into 2 groups were lengthened with circular external fixator.X-ray bone density and histology tests were performed.[Result]The X-ray showed lengthened callus was different after operation.In the control group,lengthened center had a serial callus and cortex had not formed,in the experimental group lengthened center had serial cortex and ttransfixial medullary cavity expects serial callus.[Conclusion]Axial stress regulation and periodicity continue to shortened micromovement stress may promote healing after bone lengthening.

Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct, 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(1) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93 ?g/L ( range:41.14-193.54 ?g/L)and 19.32%( range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 ?g/L. The rural children’s BLLs changed from 87.53 ?g/L to 71.16 ?g/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 ?g/L and 92.13 ?g/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 ?g/L and 56.14 ?g/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 ?g/L and 87.24 ?g/L respectively ( u=3.73, P

Objective To study the prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) post-transplant through the expression of iNOS mRNA. Methods Rat model of heterotopic heart transplantation (Abdomen) was developed and recipients were injected with Cyclosporin A at abdomen in the meantime of receiving L-arginine (iNOS mRNA group) and inhibitor of iNOS (L-NAME group) according to grouping. Plasma content of NO_3-, the expression of iNOS mRNA in coronary ~artery of transplanted heart and the radio of tunica intima/tunica media thickness (I/M) were assayed after ~operation . Results The plasma content of NO_3-and the expression of iNOS mRNA in coronary ~artery of transplanted heart in iNOS mRNA group were obviously higher than those in control group and L-NAME group during 2 to 4 weeks after operation. The ratio of I/M in iNOS mRNA group was ~lower than that in control group and L-NAME group 4 weeks after operation. Conclusion The ~expression of iNOS can promote the synthesis of NO and prevent CAV development.

Objective To investigate the effect of recurrent patella dislocation by grafting dual-bundle semitendinosus to anatomically reconstruct of medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL)under arthroscopy.Methods From January 2006 to January 2010,29 cases(31 knees)with recurrent dislocation of the patella were performed arthroscopic surgery,including 11 males and 18 females(20 knees)with an average age of 22 years(range,16-32).The key point of surgery was reconstruction MPFL with dual-bundle free autogenous semitendinosus by using two anchors and bone groove to fixed on the patella,and using the interference screw to fixed on the femur.Adjusting the patella reset under arthroscopy.Tibial tubercle were transferred to inside in 5 cases.All patients were followed up for an average of 14 months(ranging 9-22).The imaging evaluation included congruence angle,lateral patellofemoral angle and lateral shift.The clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated with International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Lysholm and Tegner scores.Results The fear test was negative after operation.There was no redislocation and fracture of the patella during follow-up.The congruence angle,lateral patellofemoral angle and lateral shift were 5.65°±2.23°,3.52°±2.63° and 0.25±0.46 respectively at the final follow-up.The mean IKDC,Lysholm and Tegner scores were 93.20±5.33,93.02±6.08 and 6.58±0.87 respectively at the final follow-up.All were showed statistically significant differences compared with preoperation(P＜0.05).Conclusion It is demonstrated that there was a reliable short-term effect to treat recurrent patella dislocation by grafting dual-bundle semitendinosus to anatomically reconstruct of MPFL under arthroscopy.

Objective:To explore the value of MR-cine for assessment of the duodenum peristalsis in the patients with functional dyspepsia.Methods:25 patients with functional dyspepsia were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of RomeⅢ of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs)as case group and 25 cases of healthy volunteers who had been screened out in clinic were used as normal control group. After fasting for 8 h,supine position was performed.1.5TGEHDxMR was used to scan the coronal,axial and oblique coronal fast steady state precession (FIESTA)sequence of gastric and duodenal descending part.The images of 5 and 15 min after drinking 600 mL mannitol solution (concentration 2.5%)were collected and sent to MR AW4.4 workstation.The duodenal motility in the patients with functional dyspepsia was measured by recording the times of duodenum and measuring and calculating the percentage occlusion of duodenum contractions (PDC). Results:After drinking mannitol, the oblique coronal scan of all subj ects clearly displayed the anatomical structure and peristaltic wave of descending part of duodenum. After drinking 5 and 1 5 min of mannitol,the peristaltic wave frequencies in case group were lower than those in normal control group. The descending duodenum PDC of the patients in case group was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P<0.01)5 min after drinking. The PDC in normal control group 15 min after drinking was lower than 5 min (P<0.05);the duodenal PDC 15 min after drinking of mannitol had no statistical difference between case group and normal control group (P>0.05).Conclusion:MR-cine can evaluate preliminarly the duodenum peristalsis of the patients with functional dyspepsia. The diagnosis of FGIDs can be further studied by using the noninvasive MR-cine examination technique.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,and to provide the theoretical basis for therapy of diabetes and diabetic chronic complications.Methods The blood glucose,lipid profile,24h-urinaryalbumin,fasting and postprandial serum insulin and peptid C were measured in 286 newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients from Mar.2006 to Sep.2009.Microalbuminuria was defined as the 24h-urinary albumin between 30 to 300 mg twice.Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was recorded and all the patients received fundus examination by ophthalmologists after expansion of the pupil to ensure whether there was retinopathy or not.Results (1)The incidence rate of microalbuminuria in this study was 19.58％ (56/286).(2)Normal albuminuria group and MA group combined DR were 19.57％ (45/230) and 33.93 ％ ( 19/56 ) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( x2 =5.349,P =0.021 ).Compared with control,the FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in microalbuminuria group ( FPG:[ 11.08 ± 1.76 ] mmol/L vs [9.24 ±1.65]mmol/L,t =-6.148,P ＜0.001;HbA1c:[11.54 ± 1.59]％ vs [9.39 ± 1.64]％,t =-7.533,P ＜0.001 ;HOMA-IR:[3.73 ±0.42] vs [3.50 ±0.30],t =-3.774,P ＜0.001 ).(3) Pearson correlation analysis revealed microalbuminuria was positively correlated with FPG( r =0.460),HbA1 c ( r =0.499),HOMA-IR( r =0.308)and combined DR(r =0.405)(P ＜0.01).(4)Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that FPG (ββ =- 0.804,P ＜ 0.01 ),HbA1 c (β =- 0.455,P ＜ 0.01 ) and combined DR (β =1.527,P ＜ 0.05 ) were independently risk factors of microalbuminuria.Conclusion The development of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients is associated with FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR,and will be easier to merge diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUND:As a bone scaffold material,β-tricalcium phosphate has good biocompatibility, osteoinductive, and biomechanical properties.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of al ogeneic osteoblasts compounded withβ-tricalcium phosphate in repairing rabbit radial defects.
METHODS:A total of 45 rabbit radial defect models were made and divided into three groups in random. Experimental group was repaired with the compound of al ogeneic osteoblasts andβ-tricalcium phosphate;
control group withβ-tricalcium phosphate;and blank control group with nothing. The new bone formation of each group was observed and assessed by X-ray and histopathological analysis at weeks 4, 8, 16 after implantation for evaluation of the bone repairing effect.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the repair time, the experimental group appeared to complete bone defect repair gradual y. By the end of 16 weeks, the X-ray showed that the bone cal us between the scaffold and the host was completely ossified, and bone defects were completely repaired in the experimental group. Histopathological observation showed continuous cortical bone formed in the defect area, and canal recanalization realized in the experimental group. Additional y, the repair effect in the experimental group was better than that in the control and blank control group at different time points (P<0.01). It is suggested that the al ogenic osteoblasts/β-tricalcium phosphate compound has the better effects on guiding bone regeneration and preventing from nonunion.

Hypoxia exists in a wide range of advanced solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis.Hypoxia can enhance tumor invasion, promote tumor angiogenesis, impact genomic stability and change the tumor microenvironment by activating expression of relevant genes through hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs).Hypoxia provides favorable conditions for tumor metastasis and relapse, and it is involved in all aspects of tumor development.The study of hypoxia in tumors may provide useful information for pre-clinical evaluation, individualized treatment and clinical prognosis.Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging method, which can be used for assessing and quantifying tumor hypoxic microenvironment.This article reviews the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced tumor biological behavior changes and the research progress of the application of radiotracers for PET imaging of tumor hypoxia.