AIM:To investigate the inhibition of breviscapine on apoptosis of cultured myocardial cell of neonatal rat induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. METHODS:Myocardial cell hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established by culturing primary myocardial cells of neonatal rats in vitro. Cultured myocardial cells were divided into 5 groups:control group,hypoxia/reoxygenation group and 3 groups pretreated with breviscapine of final concentration 25,50 and 100 mg/L,respectively. The cell viability was measured with MTT; apoptotic rates were determined by AnnexinV-FITC/PI; the expression of Bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemical method. Expressions of Cytochrome C (CytC) and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the viability of myocardial cell decreased and apoptosis rate elevated after hypoxia/reoxygenation. However after pretreatment with 25,50 and 100 mg/L breviscapine,respectively. Cell viabilities increased and apoptotic rates lowered,and the protective effect on myocardial cell had concentration-dependent. In addition,Expression of Bcl-2 decreased but Caspase-3 activity and CytC release increased in myocardial cells induced hypoxia/reoxygenation. Pretreated with breviscapine,expression of Bcl-2 elevated but Caspase-3 activity and CytC release reduced obviously. CONCLUSION:It is associated with the increase in Bcl-2 expression,inhibition of CytC release and Casepase-3 activity that breviscapine could significantly protect myocardial cell against apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of the uncertainty evaluation of the potency testing of Oxytocin injection. METHODS:Mathematical model was established for potency testing of Oxytocin injection to analyze the influential factors of un-certainty. The uncertainty components were quantitatively analyzed and the uncertainty was calculated. RESULTS:The expanded un-certainty of the potency testing of Oxytocin injection was 0.20 u/ml and the potency was(9.29±0.20)u/ml,coverage factor K=2. CONCLUSIONS:The method is suitable for the uncertainty evaluation of potency testing of Oxytocin injection.

BACKGROUND:It has been found that cel ular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a lysosomal protein binding directly to the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGFIIR) and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes OBJECTIVE:To study the interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsins and M6P/IGFIIR and to confirm the effect of CREG protein on expression and distribution of M6P/IGFIIR. METHODS:Double-stained immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation were applied to observe the interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsin B, cathepsin L and M6P/IGFIIR. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, the effect of CREG on expression and distribution of M6P/IGFIIR were studied by western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Double-stained immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation analyses confirmed the direct interactions between the exogenous CREG protein and cathepsin B, cathepsin L and M6P/IGFIIR. It was verified that CREG plays a critical role not in the expression but in the distribution of M6P/IGFIIR using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches. These findings provide evidence that exogenous CREG protein is located in lysosomes and has interactions with cathepsins and M6P/IGFIIR, also CREG plays a critical role in the distribution of M6P/IGFIIR.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,and to provide the theoretical basis for therapy of diabetes and diabetic chronic complications.Methods The blood glucose,lipid profile,24h-urinaryalbumin,fasting and postprandial serum insulin and peptid C were measured in 286 newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients from Mar.2006 to Sep.2009.Microalbuminuria was defined as the 24h-urinary albumin between 30 to 300 mg twice.Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was recorded and all the patients received fundus examination by ophthalmologists after expansion of the pupil to ensure whether there was retinopathy or not.Results (1)The incidence rate of microalbuminuria in this study was 19.58％ (56/286).(2)Normal albuminuria group and MA group combined DR were 19.57％ (45/230) and 33.93 ％ ( 19/56 ) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( x2 =5.349,P =0.021 ).Compared with control,the FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in microalbuminuria group ( FPG:[ 11.08 ± 1.76 ] mmol/L vs [9.24 ±1.65]mmol/L,t =-6.148,P ＜0.001;HbA1c:[11.54 ± 1.59]％ vs [9.39 ± 1.64]％,t =-7.533,P ＜0.001 ;HOMA-IR:[3.73 ±0.42] vs [3.50 ±0.30],t =-3.774,P ＜0.001 ).(3) Pearson correlation analysis revealed microalbuminuria was positively correlated with FPG( r =0.460),HbA1 c ( r =0.499),HOMA-IR( r =0.308)and combined DR(r =0.405)(P ＜0.01).(4)Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that FPG (ββ =- 0.804,P ＜ 0.01 ),HbA1 c (β =- 0.455,P ＜ 0.01 ) and combined DR (β =1.527,P ＜ 0.05 ) were independently risk factors of microalbuminuria.Conclusion The development of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed and hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients is associated with FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR,and will be easier to merge diabetic retinopathy.

The free radical scavenging effect of flaxseed was screened by HPLC-DPPH ( 2 , 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-high performance liquid chromatography assay ) and colorimetric DPPH methods. To test the effectiveness of the approach, three Lignans ( secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ( SDG ) , secoisolariciresinol ( SECO) and enterodiol( ED) ) with antioxidative properties were investigated both in monomer and mixture. HPLC conditions were optimized using following methods: Waters XBridge C18 was used as stationary phase, acetonil/H2 O was used as mobile phase and detective wavelength was set at 280 nm. Antioxidant activity of standards was investigated by reaction with or without DPPH radical for 20 min as sample and control, respectively. Both of them were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. According to the changes of amount of sample and control, the antioxidant activities of standards were calculated as following order:SDG>SECO>ED. Based on above DPPH-HPLC assay and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, antioxidants extracted from flaxseed were separated, identified and screened. The radical scavenging activities were in the following order:SDG isomer (5)>SDG (4)>7α-[(β-D-glupyranosyl) oxy]-1-methoxyisolariciresinol (1)>(6R,7R, 8S)-1-methoxyisolariciresinol (2)>herbacetindiglucoside (3). It indicated that the HPLC-DPPH assay could be successfully used for the antioxidant activity screening of complex flaxseed extract.

Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death from malignant tumors worldwide. At the same time, statistics show that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are increasing year by year. Because patients with lung cancer do not have typical symptoms in the early stage, this directly leads to the majority of patients who are already at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and the prognosis is not good. How to diagnose lung cancer early and accurately and find patients with potential risks and predict the prognosis is of great significance for the formulation of further treatment plans. In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence has been booming. As a branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning could learn efficiently from complex and large amounts of data. Besides, the learned model has good generalization ability. These characteristics can take greatly advance on the research about lung cancer

Objective:This article analyzes the epidemic situation and characteristics of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russian Federation (referred to as Russia), summarizes the effective measures and problems exposed by Russia to deal with COVID-19, so as to provide reference for our country's epidemic prevention and control, and seek the direction of cooperation under the background of Sino Russia scientific and technological innovation in view of public health emergency.Methods:The epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures were analyzed based on the data released by official authoritative news media such as Sputnik News Agency & Radio and Stopcoronavirus Website.Results:Russia's first confirmed case was on January 31, 2020 and its first peak of epidemic outbreak was on May 10, 2020. Thanks to a series of prevention and control measures and isolation and detection systems established by the Russia government according with national conditions, such as establishment of COVID-19 medical treatment centers, restrictions on alcohol sales, and the accelerating development of the vaccine and test kit the epidemic was basically controlled at the end of August in 2020. In September, Russia saw the second peak of the outbreak of COVID-19.Conclusions:The fatality rate of COVID-19 in Russia has been at a low level. Therefore, its prevention and control measures, experience and even its deficiencies are worth of learning by China. And we should also strengthen cooperation with Russia in the field of vaccine research and development and its clinical trials.

Aim To study the effects of pyrin recombi-nant protein ( PRP ) on VEGF/VEGFR2/ MMP-9 sig-naling pathway in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibro-sis of rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were ran-domly divided into groups of control ( n=10 ) , model ( n=20 ) , PRP ( n=20 ) , and SU5416 ( n=10 ) . All the rats, except for those in control group, were estab-lished as the model of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by perfusion of bleomycin (5 mg·kg-1 ) through tracheal intubation. From the second day after modeling, all rats were intragastrically administered with drugs or sa-line, according to different groups designed. The rats were sacrificed on the 14th and 28th day, and lung samples were taken out. The pathological changes of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining to evaluate the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Expressions of VEGF, VEGFR2, MMP-9 protein and mRNA were de-tected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results On the 14th and 28th day, the alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, MMP-9 and mRNA increased significantly in the model group com-pared with in the control group ( P <0. 05 ) , and de-creased significantly in PRP group than those in the model group ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion PRP plays a role of anti-pulmonary fibrosis via the down-regulation of VEGF/VEGFR2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between free androgen index and insulin function in obese young men aged from 20 to 35.Methods:A total of 82 young obese men in Obesity Clinic from February to October 2019 were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into 3 subgroups according to free androgen index level tertiles. The blood glucose and insulin levels were tested after oral glucose tolerance test. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β), insulin secretion index, and insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda index) were used to evaluate β cell function in oder to analyze the relationship between free androgen index and insulin function.Results:In young obese men, participants with higher free androgen index levels exhibited less waist circumference, lower body mass index, 1 h postprandial insulin, 2 h postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR level but with a higher total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and Matsuda index level (all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the free androgen index and the HOMA-IR ( r=-0.386, P=0.016), and the correlation tended to a linear trend after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and waist circumference ( Ptrend=0.034). Free testosterone was positively correlated with Matsuda index ( r=0.280, P=0.004), but the correlation disappeared after adjustment ( Ptrend=0.623). The results of further regression analysis showed that the level of free testosterone index decreased by 14.1% ( OR=0.869, 95% CI0.767-0.984, P=0.028) for each increase of HOMA-IR after adjustment. Conclusion:The level of free testosterone index is a predictor of insulin resistance in obese young men, but the association between this parameter and insulin sensitivity may be caused by obesity.

Objective To investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats, weighing 250-330 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 each): sham operation group (group S),I/R group, sufentanil preconditioning group (group SF), sufentanil preconditioning + a specific inhibitor of iNOS S-methyl thiourea (SMT) group (group SF+ SMT) and S-methyl thiourea group (group SMT). In I/R,SF,SF+SMT and SMT groups, myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Group SF received 30 min infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia. Group SF + SMT received infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia and then SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10 min before ischemia. In group SMT, SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10min before ischemia. MAP and HR were recorded at 30 min before ischemia, at 30 min of ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. The rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Arterial blood samples were obtained immediately at the end of reperfusion to determine the plasma concentration of NO. Then the animals were sacrificed and myo cardial tissues were obtained to determine the area at risk (AAR), infarct size (IS) and iNOS expression. IS/AAR was calculated. Results Compared with group S, MAP and RPP were significantly decreased, while IS/AAR was significantly increased at 120 min of reperfusion in the other four groups, and MAP and RPP were significantly decreased at 30 min of ischemia in I/R and SMT groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, no significant change was found in HR, MAP and RPP in SF, SF + SMT and SMT groups, and in IS/AAR and plasma NO concentrations in SF + SMT and SMT groups ( P ＞ 0.05), but IS/AAR was significantly decreased, and the plasma NO concentration and iNOS expression were significantly increased in group SF ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion iNOS is involved in reduction of myocardial I/R injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats.