Aim To observe the effects of galanin (Gal) antagonist M35 or M40 at different concentrations on the Gal evoked outward current in principal trigeminal nucleus (PrV) neurons. Methods The technique of whole cell patch clamp was used to record the change of membrane current. Results At doses of M35 0.01 , 0.03 and 0.1 ?mol?L -1 , the Gal evoked outward current decreased by 53.1 %, 40.4 % and 27.2 %,respectively. While M35 1 and 3 ?mol?L -1 , the current increased by 16.2 % and 38.4 %. At doses of M40 0.01 and 0.03 ?mol?L -1 ,the current increased by 93.7 % and 68.4 %,while for M40 0.3 ,1 and 3??mol?L -1 , the current decreased by 49.2 %, 69.9 % and 87.2 %, respectively. Conclusion M35 at low concentrations antagonizes the effect of Gal and at high concentrations acts as a Gal receptor agonist. Whereas M40 in high doses antagonizes the effect of Gal and in low doses exerts an autagonistic action. There may be different Gal subtype receptors in the same PrV neuron.

Galanin is a peptide with wide-ranging effects,especially within the central,peripheral nervous system and endocrine system.Many tumors of neuroendocrine origin,and also an increasing number of non-neuroendocrine cancers,have been shown to express galanin and/or its receptors.Expression of galanin peptide has been detected in pheochromocytoma,squamous cell carcinoma,pituitary adenoma,gastrointestinal cancers and so on.Galanin peptide plays an important role in tumori-genesis and progression of many kinds of tumors.Therefore,studying the roles of galanin and its receptors are helpful for diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Objective To study the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1(CO1) gene of Oncomelania snails from Miao River area in Hubei Province.Methods Oncomelania snails were collected from Miao River area, including upstream and downstream. Genomic DNA was extracted from the tissue of the snail. PCR was used to amplify a fragment of the CO1 gene. Sequences of the CO1 fragment were determined directly from the purified PCR products by an automated sequencer. Sequences for each individual were assembled and edited using ESEE 3 0 s. A distance matrix was computed using program DNADIST of PHYLIP(3 57). Unrooted maximum likelihood trees were calculated from program FITCH.Results The amplified CO1 gene of the snail was a fragment of 638 bp in length. Sequence analysis showed that the accumulated variable sites were significant different between upstream and downstream populations, being 29 and 46, respectively. From the number of variable sites in the gene,snails in this area were roughly separated into two groups. Each of them was a mixture of both upstream and downstream snails.Same haplotypes were confirmed to be present among the collected sites along the river. From the distance matrix of sequence divergence, the population upstream vs downstream differed by 0 0221?0 0105.Conclusion There were more variation in downstream population than that in upstream.Gene flow was identified in these populations. The phylogenetic trees suggest the existence of two groups,but all of them belong to O h hupensis .

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process of resveratrol by central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM), based on the result of single factor experiment. Resveratrol was extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum by water bath extraction of organic solvent. And content of resveratrol was taken as index in the investigation of solvent concentration effect, extraction time and solvent content on extraction process. The results showed that the optimum condition was 12.7 times amount of 72.0% ethanol and extract for 2 times under the temperature of 50℃, 1.1 h for each time; the average deviation between the maximum theoretical value and measured value was 0.83%. It was concluded that this extraction process was highly predictive, which provided experimental evidence for the industrial production of P. cuspidatum extraction.

Objective To investigate the perioperative treatment and reduce the surgical risk in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 213 PD patients operated at the PLA General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012.Results The postoperative complications included pancreatic fistula (51 cases,24％),biliary fistula (8 cases,3.8％),intestinal fistula (8 cases,3.8％),gastroparesis (35 cases,16.4％),abdominal infection (16 cases,7.5％),and postoperative bleeding (16 cases,7.5％).The perioperative mortality was 1.9％ (4/213).Conclusion Strengthening the perioperative management of PD patients plays an important role in improving surgical safety and reducing postoperative complications.

The quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines directly affect the development of the entire Chinese medicine industry. Establishing and improving traceability systems for Chinese medicine quality will play a decisive role in improving the quality of Chinese medicine. The traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines as an important part of the quality traceability system of traditional Chinese medicine overcomes the inability of existing technologies to achieve traceability, control, and queryability of information on the whole process of planting Chinese medicinal materials. The recording, inquiry and traceability of important information to track and supervise the whole process of cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines is an effective measure to realize the availability, retrievability and accountability of Chinese medicines, and to strengthen quality safety management and risk control throughout the entire process.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and the factors affecting the prognosis of intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (IBC).

METHODSForty-six patients with histologically confirmed IBC from January, 2000 to April, 2014 were included. The clinical characteristics of the patients with IBC were compared with those of 58 patients with intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBCA). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the prognosis of IBC.

RESULTSThe 46 patients with IBC included 15 men and 31 women with a mean age of 57.0 ± 10.5 years. Compared with the patients with IBCA, IBC patients had an older mean age (57.0 ± 10.7 vs 44.3 ± 15.3 years, P=0.03) and a greater proportion of male patients (15/46 vs 8/58, P=0.02). The differential diagnosis between IBC and IBCA was difficult on the basis of preoperative laboratory and imaging findings. The median overall survival of IBC patients was 56 months with 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 85.9%, 65.2%, and 47.7%, respectively. Gender, surgical approach, tumor growth pattern and distant metastasis were all significant prognostic factors for the overall survival of the patients.

CONCLUSIONIBC is a rare cystic lesion occurring primarily in middle-aged men. Complete resection is recommended for curative treatment and close follow-up is essential especially for male patients and patients with tumors exhibiting an invasive growth.

Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; pathology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma and to establish a prognostic model for patients with non-metastasis renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after operation.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy from January 2008 to December 2012,including 392 males (67.6％) and 188 females (32.4％),with an average age of 56 years(range 24-86 years).The average diameter of tumor was 4.8 cm (range 1.5-17.5 cm).The pathological slides of tumor tissue were reviewed by pathologist,and the tissue microarray (TMA) were constructed.The immunohistochemical staining of TMA were carried out.All patients were followed up the prognosis information of the overall survival (OS),cancer specific survival (CSS) and progression free survival (PFS).Based on these data,univariate and multivariate analysis and survival analysis were performed.Independent prognostic factors related to different follow-up endpoints of patients were screened out.A Nomogram prognostic model for RCC was established and verified.Internal validation were performed by boots value analysis.Results Among 580 cases,160 cases (27.6％) accepted nephron sparing surgery and 420 cases (72.4％) radical nephrectomy,included 514 cases (88.6％) of laparoscopic surgery and 66 cases (11.4％) of open surgery.There were 468 cases of clear cell carcinoma (80.7％),56 cases of papillary carcinoma (9.7％),32 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma (5.5％),24 patients with other subtypes of cancer cells (4.1％).In pathological staging,stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 442 cases (76.2％),88 cases (15.2％),48 cases (8.3％),2 cases (0.3％),respectively.There were 424 cases (73.1％) with high expression of CA9,and 156 cases (26.9％) with low expression.The median followup was 66 (4-82) months,and 41 cases (7.1％) were lost of follow-up.For 3 and 5 years,OS,CSS and PFS were 83.4％,88.2％,72.4％ and 69.6％,73.0％,55.8％ respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that tumor pathological subtypes,tumor stage,tumor diameter and positive expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) were independent prognostic factors associated with the survival of RCC patients.The Nomogram prognostic model was established by the above four factors.The established Nomogram prognostic model for RCC patients was verified by Harrell's consistency index,and the c-index of OS,CSS and PFS of RCC patients were 0.72 (95％ CI 0.69-0.75),0.77 (95％ CI 0.74-0.81),0.79 (95％ CI 0.76-0.83),respectively.Conclusions Tumor pathological subtypes,staging,tumor diameter and CA9 are independent risk factors for patients with non metastatic renal cell carcinoma.The established Nomogram prognostic model certified by internal validation should be tested by large samples and multicenter studies need tested.

OBJECTIVETo describe the treatment and prognosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) with metastases or recurrence.

METHODSThe clinical date of 24 patients with histological confirmed SPN with metastases or recurrence from January 2000 to April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 females and 2 males, with mean age of (36 ± 16) years. Fourteen patients had local recurrence or metastasis after surgery, with a mean time of recurrence (44 ± 29) months. Ten patients were defined SPN with distant metastasis at first admission. Nineteen patients underwent surgical resection, among them, 11 patients received complete resection. Nine cases underwent chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier method was used to identify prognostic factors.

RESULTSTwenty-four patients were followed-up, 9 patients died. Median survival time was 47 months, and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival was 91.7%, 65.1%, 49.6%, respectively. Age (χ(2) = 6.858, P = 0.009), primary tumor diameter (χ(2) = 4.322, P = 0.038), extrahepatic metastasis (χ(2) = 5.279, P = 0.022) and complete resection of metastases and recurrence (χ(2) = 4.666, P = 0.031) were important prognostic factors for survival (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor SPN with metastases or recurrence, good prognosis can also obtain after complete resection. Age, primary tumor diameter, extrahepatic metastasis and complete resection of metastases and recurrence are influence factors on prognosis of patients.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects and mechanism of Le’ermai capsule on oxidative stress injury in the cerebral cortex of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats. METHODS： Totally 65 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control group （Naoxintong capsule， 3.40 g/kg）， Le’ermai capsule high-dose and low-dose groups （0.37， 0.18 g/kg）， with 13 rats in each group. Except that sham operation group received sham operation， and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was induced by suture-occluded method. 24 h after modeling， they were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 7 d. 2 h after last administration， cerebral ischemic area was determined by TTC staining. The pathological changes of cerebral tissue were observed by HE staining. The protein expressions of HO-1， SOD1， SOD2 and Nrf2 in cerebral cortex were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the area of cerebral ischemic was increased significantly in model group（P＜0.05）， interstitial edema was serious， inflammatory cell infiltration increased significantly； and the protein expression levels of HO-1 and SOD1 in cortex tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the protein expression levels of SOD2 and Nrf2 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the area of cerebral ischemic area of Le’ermai capsule high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. The interstitial edema， inflammatory cell infiltration and microcytes proliferation were decreased. The protein expression levels of HO-1， SOD1， SOD2 and Nrf2 in the cerebral cortex tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Le’ermai capsule can improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury to certain extent， and which may be associated with up-regulating the protein expression of antioxidant factors HO-1， SOD1， SOD2 and Nrf2 in the cortex.