Artificial femoral head replacement is commonly performed in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. However, the patients are always complicated by other diseases and their major organ functions are low, which increases risks of anesthesia and replacement. The anesthesia methods for artificial femoral head replacement include epidural anesthesia, combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and general anesthesia. Respiratory system and nervous system complications, bleeding and transfusion complications, deep venous thrombosis and lung embolism, and bone cement-associate complications are common complications in anesthesia for femoral head replacement. Therefore, appropriate anesthesia pattern, rigid monitoring, and proper treatment can reduce anesthesia risks.