Objective To assess the velocity patterns of right ventricular long axis myocardial motion during isovolumic contraction phase in the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) by Doppler tissue imaging(DTI).Methods Right ventricular systolic free wall myocardial(the place close to the tricuspid annular) motion velocities were examined by DTI on apical four-chamber view in 28 patients with DCM and 30 healthy volunteers.Peak positive and negative velocities(V_(IVC1),V_(IVC2)),velocity time integrals(VTI_(IVC1),VTI_(IVC2)),times(T_(IVC1),T_(IVC2)) of right ventricular free wall myocardial motion during isovolumic contraction,and the peak velocity(V_S),time(T_S),velocity time integral(VTI_S) of ejection wave(S) were measured.Right ventricular percent changes in area(RVPCA) on three different views were calculated.Results V_(IVC1),V_S,VTI_S and differential IVC(the difference between V_(IVC1) and V_(IVC2)) in the patients with DCM were significantly decreased than those in control group(P(0.05)).Conclusions The changes of DTI indices of right ventricular long axis myocardial motion during isovolumic contraction in the patients with DCM are characteristic,which could be a new method to evaluate right ventricular systolic function.

Objective To quantitatively describe the texture features of myocardial image in the acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) using image texture analysis. Methods Anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was ligated to set up AMI model in 11 dogs. Image texture was analyzed using grey tone co-occurrence matrix method, and 4 kinds of texture parameters including angular second moment(ASM), contrast(CON), entropy(ENT), and inverse difference moment(IDM) in normal myocardium and infarct myocardium were observed. Results A significant difference in 4 kinds of texture parameters was found between pre- and post-infarct myocardium (P

To assess the normal value of left ventricular twist (LVtw) and examine the changes with normal aging by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle-tracking imaging (STI), 121 healthy volunteers were divided into three age groups: a youth group (19-45 y old), a middle-age group (46-64 y old) and an old-age group (> or = 65 y old). Basal and apical short-axis images of left ventricular were acquired to analyse LV rotation (LVrot) and LVrot velocity. LVtw and LVtw velocity was defined as apical LVrot and LVrot velocity relative to the base. Peak twist (Ptw), twist at aortic valve closure (AVCtw), twist at mitral valve opening (MVOtw), untwisting rate (UntwR), half time of untwisting (HTU), peak twist velocity (PTV), time to peak twist velocity (TPTV), peak untwisting velocity (PUV), time to peak untwisting velocity (TPUV) were separately measured. The results showed that the normal LV performs a wringing motion with a clockwise rotation at the base and a counterclock-wise rotation at the apex (as seen from the apex). The LVtw velocity showed a systolic counterclock-wise twist followed by a diastolic clockwise twist. Peak twist develops near the end of systole (96%+/-4.2% of systole). With aging, Ptw, AVCtw, MVOtw, HTU and PUV increased significantly (P<0.05) and UntwR decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in TPUV, PTV and TPTV were noted among the 3 groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that LV twist can be measured non-invasively by 2-dimensional ultrasound STI imaging. The age-related changes of LVtw should be fully taken into consideration in the assessment of LV function.
Aging ; Echocardiography ; Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology ; Heart Ventricles/*ultrasonography ; Ventricular Function, Left/*physiology ; Young Adult

The effects of cardiomyocyte grafting on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function in rats with chronic myocardial infarction were evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound. Chronic myocardial infarction was induced in 50 Wister rats by ligating the left anterior descending artery. They were randomized into two groups: a trial group that received neonatal rat cardiomyocyte transplantation (n=25) and a control group which were given intramyocardial injection of culture medium (n=25). The left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound before and 4 weeks after the cell transplantation. After the final evaluation, all rats were sacrificed for histological study. The results showed that 4 weeks after the cell transplantation, as compared with the control group, the LV end-systolic dimension, end-diastolic dimension, end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume were significantly decreased and the LV anterior wall end-diastolic thickness, LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly increased in the trial group (P<0.01). Histological study showed that transplanted neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were found in all host hearts and identified by Brdu staining. It was suggested that transplantation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes can reverse cardiac remodeling and improve heart function in chronic myocardial infarction rats. High-frequency ultrasound can be used as a reliable technique for the non-invasive evaluation of the effect of cardiomyocyte transplantation.
Animals, Newborn ; Echocardiography/*methods ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology ; Myocardial Infarction/*therapy ; Myocardial Infarction/ultrasonography ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Ventricular Function, Left/*physiology ; Ventricular Remodeling

Objective To study the metastasis rule and influence factors of cervical central group (Ⅵ region) lymph node in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 195 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.All patients received bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical central group lymph node dissection.Results All patients died without surgery and hospitalization,the incidence of postoperative complications was 2.1％ (4/195).The total incidence of cervical central group lymph node metastasis was 35.4％ (69/195).Factors relating to cervical central group lymph node metastasis rate were:age (OR =0.924),gender (OR =0.213),the number of foci (OR =2.208) and the sum of the tumor diameters (OR =2.106).Conclusions Patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma may suffer from lymph node metastasis of the cervical central group,and lymph node metastasis rate increases significantly in young or male patients,and when the lesions are multifocal or the sum of the tumor diameter ＞ 0.5 cm.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a new health issue in the world due co its increasing incidence rate,and in particular,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is progressive and has poor prognosis.Therefore,there is an argent need to search for the methods for the prevention of disease progression and treatment.Bile acid,as an important metabolite and signal molecule,can adjust the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates and energy balance inside and outside the liver.Bile acid interacts with is receptors,such as the farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5,bile acid transporter,and gut microbiota and is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at different levels.This article summarizes the research advances in the pathogenesis of bile acid-related NAFLD and related pharmacotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the results of the treatment and prevention measures for pathological dislocation of the hip following septic arthritis in the newborns. Methods Twenty cases undergone open reduction were studied restropectively. In addition, greater trochanterplasty was penformed in 15 cases, acetabularplasty in 14 cases, greater and lesser trochanterplasty in 2 cases. Rusults A successful rate of reduction achieved in 90％ of the patients; however, central reduction was achieved in only 38.8％ . 20 patients were followed-up for 6 months to 12 years. The stability and motility of the hip gradually improved in majority of the patients. The cases with severe destruction followed by absence of femoral head and neck had unsatisfactory results. Shortening deformity were found in six cases, and subluxation, dislocation, rigidity of the hip in one case each. Conclusion The greater trochanterplasty had a good result for reduction and maintaining the position. Early diagnosis and early open drainage were key measures for prevention of pathological dislocation of the hip resulting from the acute septic arthritis in the newborn.

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of different concentrations of elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as novel submucosal injection material for endoscopic submucosal dissection.Methods Forty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (n=20).The first group by submucosal injection of different drugs were randomly divide into five groups (n=4).Four concentrations of 50 ku ELP (0.05,0.025,0.012 5,0.005 g/ml) were used separately in each group,while glycerin fructose was used for control group.Each solution (2 ml) was injected into the submucosa through the resected margin,the increase of mucosal thickness and surface changes were observed and recorded at 0,5,10,and 30 min.The subgroup by submucosal injection of different drugs were randomly divide into five groups (n=4).The injection pressure of each solution (2 ml) with the 25-gauge needle was calculated by a manometer,which was connected between the needle and syringe.Results The submucosal uplift heights in groups using the 0.05 g/ml ELP and 0.025 g/ml ELP injection were significantly thicker than that of glycerin fructose (P＜0.05),the 0.012 5 g/ml ELP and glycerin fructose injection showed no significant difference (P＞0.05),whereas the uplift height in glycerin fructose group was thicker than that of the 0.005 g/ml ELP (P＜0.05).The injection pressure correlated with the ELP concentration.The injection pressures of 0.05,0.025,0.012 5,0.005 g/ml ELP solutions were (332±36) kPa,(223±24) kPa,(174±22) kPa and (142±19) kPa,respectively,and that of glycerin fructose was (269±17) kPa.The 0.025 g/ml ELP solution was easily injected into the porcine stomach to create submucosal uplift.The injection pressure of the 0.025 g/ml ELP solution showed significantly lower value compared with that of glycerin fructose (P＜0.05).Conclusions ELP might be a promising agent for submucosal injection for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),and 0.025 g/ml ELP might be efficient concentration for maintaining mucosal elevation,injection pressure and safety.

BACKGROUND:Improper angle of prosthesis placement often induces acetabular cup impact, and limits the scope of activity of artificial hip joint, and cannot meet the requirement of daily life. At present, the angle of acetabular cup instal ation remains controversial during total hip arthroplasty. Moreover, there is lack of targeted guide for the acetabular cup instal ation during hip arthroplasty with different head-neck ratios. OBJECTIVE:To explore the safe range of the artificial acetabular cup instal ation angle for different head-neck ratios. METHODS:In accordance with the calculation formula of range of internal rotation and external rotation, abduction and adduction, flexion and extension after total hip replacement, interpretation of dynamical variety law of acetabular abduction and anteversion, and deriving inequalities depending on Widmer’s standard of artificial hip joint normal activities range:(1) external rotation range was at least 40°, and internal rotation range was at least 80°. (2) Abduction range was at least 50°, and adduction range was at least 50°. (3) Anteflexion range was at least 130°, and extension range was at least 40°. The safety scope of artificial hip joint instal ation angle at different head-neck ratios was determined by solving the above three groups of inequality. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The safe range of the artificial acetabular cup instal ation angle for different head-neck ratios was different. To meet the normal hip joint activities, the head-neck ratios of artificial hip should be greater than 22/12. Artificial hip joint activities gradual y increase with the enlargement of head neck ratios. With enlarging the head-neck ratios, the acetabular cup instal ation safety angle scope of abduction and anteversin gradual y increases and the extreme of abduction increases gradual y, then with anteversion increasing gradual y, the abduction upper extreme of the security scope gradual y decrease and lower extreme of the security scope gradual y increase, tending to 45° symmetrical y. When anteversion is the biggest, the abduction should be 45°.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToestablishandevaluateahyperbilirubinemiaandkernicterusmodelinneonatalSDrats. METHODS:Three-day-old SD rats were randomly divided to 7 experimental groups by litter and body weight , and were in-traperitoneally injected with physiological saline (control group), and 6.25μg/g (T1), 12.5μg/g (T2), 25μg/g (T3), 50μg/g (T4), 100μg/g (T5) and 200μg/g (T6) bilirubin, respectively, twice every day for 3 d.All rats were photo-graphed , weighed and killed 12 h after the last injection .The contents of the stomach were drawn and weighed , and the index was calculated .The liver/body weight ratio was determined , the total and unconjugated bilirubin in the serum and total bili-rubin in the brain were calculated , and the contents of ATP and water in the brain were measured .HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes .RESULTS:Along with the increase in bilirubin , gradual exacerbation of the general performance of the rats , and yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes were observed .The degree of the activity gradually reduced , and the weight gain was suppressed .The weight of T6 group showed negative growth , and the 72 h mortality rate was close to 100%.The mortality rate in T4 and T5 groups continued to rise 1 week after injection .Com-pared with control group , the weight of stomach contents and stomach content index in T 3~T5 groups significantly decreased (P<0.01).The liver/body weight ratio in T5 group was significantly higher (P<0.05).The concentrations of serum total and unconjugated bilirubin and brain bilirubin levels in T 1~T5 groups were gradually increased , while the brain water con-tent had no difference among groups .The brain ATP content in T1~T5 groups increased at the beginning and reached its peak in T3 group, but compared with control group , that in T4 group and T5 group significantly reduced (P<0.05).HE re-sults showed that , with the increase in bilirubin concentration , the number of the neurons in the cerebral cortex of the rats de-creased.In T4 group and T5 group, the neuronal structural disorder , cell swelling, nuclear pyknosis, fragmentation and dis-solution, increase in non-homogeneous structure of the material dyed red , and disappearance of nuclear staining were ob-served.Nissl staining showed that , compared with control group , in T1 group and T2 group, the cortical neurons became smaller, Nissl bodies decreased , and cytoplasmic staining changed little .The cortical neuronal tigroid body color became light gradually, neuron cells become small , and Nissl bodies decreased obviously in T 3, T4 and T5 groups.The T4 and T5 rat ce-rebral cortical neurons dissolved or even disappeared .CONCLUSION:Newborn 3-day-old SD rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100μg/g, 2 times a day, can induce hyperbilirubinemia , and 50 and 100μg/g can cause bilirubin encephalopathy .